Xyoo 1930, Tuam Tshoj yog lub tebchaws tsis muaj kev txhim kho ua liaj ua teb. Kev lag luam thiab thev naus laus zis thim rov qab los ntawm qhov tseeb tias ntau pab pawg sib ntaus sib tua tau tawm tsam kom muaj hwj chim hauv lub tebchaws. Ua kom zoo ntawm qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm tsoomfwv tseem hwv, kev qhia tsis txaus siab thiab cov cuab yeej siv tsis zoo ntawm cov tub rog Suav, Nyij Pooj tau txiav txim siab tig Tuam Tshoj mus rau hauv nws cov khoom nyoos pawg.
Tom qab kev suav nrog Manchuria los ntawm Nyij Pooj thiab ntau qhov kev tawm tsam ua tub rog, Nyij Pooj-Suav Tsov Rog (Zaum Ob Nyiv-Suav Tsov Rog) tau pib xyoo 1937. Raws li thaum ntxov Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1937, tom qab cov tub rog Nyij Pooj tau ntes Nanjing, Suav pab tub rog poob feem ntau ntawm nws cov riam phom hnyav. Hauv qhov no, tus thawj coj ntawm Kuomintang Nationalist Party, Chiang Kai-shek, raug yuam kom nrhiav kev pab txawv teb chaws.
Xyoo 1937, Tsoomfwv Suav tau thov USSR rau kev pabcuam hauv kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam Nyij Pooj. Tom qab ua tiav kev tsim kho ntawm txoj kev loj Sary -Ozek - Urumqi - Lanzhou, kev xa riam phom, khoom siv thiab mos txwv los ntawm USSR tau pib. Lub dav hlau uas tsim los ntawm Soviet feem ntau tau ya mus rau Suav dav hlau. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev ua phem rau Nyij Pooj, Soviet Union tau muab Suav nrog $ 250 lab qiv.
Kev koom tes ntawm Moscow thiab tsoomfwv Suav hauv Nanjing txuas ntxiv mus txog Lub Peb Hlis 1942. Kwv yees li 5,000 tus pej xeem Soviet tuaj xyuas Suav teb: kws pab tswv yim tub rog, kws tsav dav hlau, kws kho mob thiab kws tshaj lij. Txij xyoo 1937 txog 1941, USSR tau muab Kuomintang nrog 1,285 lub dav hlau, 1,600 rab phom loj, 82 lub T-26 tso tsheb hlau luam, 14,000 lub teeb thiab phom tshuab hnyav, 1,850 lub tsheb thiab tsheb laij teb.
Ua ke nrog USSR, Kuomintang tau ua tub rog-kev koom tes nrog Tebchaws Meskas, Tebchaws Askiv thiab ntau lub xeev European. Tebchaws Asmeskas tau pab nyiaj ntau tshaj rau kev tawm tsam Nyij Pooj. Xyoo 1941, Tuam Tshoj tau ua raws Txoj Cai Le-Lease Act. Tom qab ntawd, Kuomintang pib tau txais kev pab tub rog loj thiab kev txhawb nqa logistical.
Xyoo 1930s, Tuam Tshoj ua haujlwm zoo nrog Lub Tebchaws Yelemees. Hauv kev sib pauv rau cov khoom siv raw, cov neeg German tau pab kho cov tub rog Suav niaj hnub no los ntawm kev xa cov kws pab tswv yim, muab cov caj npab me me, cov phom loj, cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab lub dav hlau. Lub teb chaws Yelemees tau pab nrog kev tsim kho tshiab thiab hloov kho tshiab ntawm cov tuam txhab tiv thaiv uas twb muaj lawm. Yog li, nrog kev txhawb nqa German, Hanyang cov khoom siv tau hloov kho tshiab, qhov twg tsim cov phom thiab tshuab phom tau ua tiav. Nyob ib puag ncig ntawm lub nroog Changsha, cov neeg German tau tsim cov khoom siv phom loj, thiab hauv Nanjing, ib lub tuam txhab tsim khoom ntawm tsom iav thiab pom qhov muag.
Qhov xwm txheej no txuas ntxiv mus txog xyoo 1938, thaum Berlin lees paub lub xeev cov menyuam roj hmab ntawm Manchukuo, tsim los ntawm Nyij Pooj hauv Manchuria.
Cov tub rog Suav nyob rau xyoo 1930s thiab 1940s thaum ntxov tau nruab nrog cov khoom siv sib xyaw thiab cov riam phom tsim tawm hauv Europe, Amelikas thiab USSR. Ib qho ntxiv, Suav pab tub rog tau siv riam phom Nyij Pooj tsim los tua hauv kev sib ntaus.
Cov phom 37-hli tau muab los ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tso cai ntawm Suav tuam txhab
Thawj qhov tshwj xeeb phom tiv thaiv lub tank tsim tawm hauv Suav teb yog 37 mm Hom 30.
Cov phom no yog daim ntawv tso cai ntawm German 3, 7 cm Pak 29 thiab tau tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv phom loj hauv nroog Chansha. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, txog 200 37-mm Hom 30 rab phom tau sib sau ua ke hauv Suav teb.
Cov phom tiv thaiv lub tank 3, 7 cm Pak 29, tsim los ntawm Rheinmetall AG xyoo 1929, yog lub tshuab siv phom loj heev rau nws lub sijhawm, muaj peev xwm ntaus tau txhua lub tso tsheb hlau luam uas twb muaj lawm nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd.
Qhov hnyav ntawm Hom Phom 30 hauv qhov chaw tua yog 450 kg. Kev sib ntaus tua hluav taws - txog 12-14 rds / min. Ib rab phom-tho qhov projectile uas hnyav 0, 685 g tawm ntawm lub thoob nrog qhov pib nrawm ntawm 745 m / s thiab ntawm qhov deb ntawm 500 m raws qhov ib txwm tuaj yeem kov yeej 35 hli cov cuab yeej.
Kev daws teeb meem txheej txheem qub hauv kev tsim ntawm 3, 7 cm Pak 29 rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank yog cov log ntoo uas tsis muaj kev ncua, uas tsis tso cai rau siv cov cuab yeej siv los rub. Tom qab ntawd, rab phom loj 37 mm tau hloov kho tshiab thiab muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam hauv tebchaws Yelemes raws li kev xaiv 3, 7 cm Pak 35/36. Cannons 3, 7 cm Pak 29 thiab 3, 7 cm Pak 35/36 siv tib lub mos txwv thiab feem ntau sib txawv hauv kev mus log.
Muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais tias Lub Tebchaws Yelemees muab Suav nrog tus lej 3, 7 cm Pak 35/36 phom, uas tseem tau siv rau kev ua phem.
Hauv thawj lub sijhawm ua tsov rog hauv Suav Teb, Imperial Japanese Army siv Hom 89 tso tsheb hlau luam nruab nrab (qhov siab tshaj plaws tiv thaiv txheej tuab 17 hli), Hom 92 lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam (qhov siab tshaj plaws tiv thaiv tuab 6 hli), Hom 95 lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam (siab tshaj plaws tiv thaiv tuab 12 hli) thiab Hom 94 tankettes (qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov cuab yeej tuab 12 hli). Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm txhua lub tsheb ntawm qhov chaw tua hluav taws tuaj yeem nkag tau yooj yim los ntawm 37 mm projectile uas raug rho tawm los ntawm Hom 30 lossis Pak 35/36.
Tom qab kev txiav tawm ntawm kev koom tes ua tub rog-kev koom tes nrog Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab Soviet Union, Tebchaws Asmeskas tau dhau los ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank rau Tuam Tshoj. Qhov kawg ntawm xyoo 1941, 37-mm M3A1 phom tiv thaiv lub tank tau tshwm sim hauv Suav teb tiv thaiv lub tank. Nws yog riam phom zoo, tsis zoo li German 3, 7 cm Pak 35/36.
Txawm hais tias thaum muaj kev tawm tsam hauv tebchaws Ltalis thiab North Africa, M3A1 phom qhia lawv tus kheej nruab nrab, lawv tau ua tau zoo tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv Japanese tso tsheb hlau luam.
Thaum xub thawj, qhov hluav taws kub los ntawm M3A1 tau ua los ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv phom uas hnyav 0.87 kg nrog qhov pib ceev ntawm 870 m / s. Ntawm qhov deb ntawm 450 m raws qhov ib txwm muaj, nws tau hlais 40 hli cov cuab yeej ua rog. Tom qab ntawd, lub foob pob hluav taws nruab nrog lub npov taub hau nrog qhov nce muzzle tshaj tawm tau txais. Nws cov cuab yeej nkag mus tau nce mus rau 53 mm. Tsis tas li, cov mos txwv thauj khoom suav nrog 37-mm fragmentation projectile hnyav 0, 86 kg, muaj 36 g ntawm TNT. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tua cov tub rog, tua cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog 120 lub mos txwv hlau tuaj yeem siv tau, ua haujlwm zoo ntawm qhov deb li ntawm 300 m.
Txog thaum xyoo 1947, cov neeg Asmeskas tau muab Kuomintang nrog kwv yees li 300 37-mm phom tiv thaiv lub tank, uas tau siv nrog kev ua tiav sib txawv hauv kev ua phem rau Nyij Pooj. Kwv yees li ntawm ib puas ntawm cov riam phom no tom qab tau mus rau Suav cov neeg suav.
Tuav Japanese 37 thiab 47 mm phom tiv thaiv lub tank
Txog thaum lub sijhawm Sino-Japanese Tsov Rog pib, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb tiv thaiv tub rog Nyij Pooj yog 37-mm Hom 94 rab phom, uas tau muab tso rau hauv xyoo 1936. Cov txheej txheem, rab phom no muaj ntau txoj hauv kev zoo ib yam li 37-mm Hom 11 cov phom me me, tab sis cov mos txwv muaj zog dua tau siv rau kev tua ntawm cov tsheb tiv thaiv.
Ib rab phom-tho qhov projection hnyav 645 g nrog qhov pib ceev ntawm 700 m / s ntawm qhov deb ntawm 450 m raws qhov ib txwm tuaj yeem nkag mus rau 33 mm ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rog. Qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom hauv txoj haujlwm sib ntaus yog 324 kg, hauv txoj haujlwm thauj - 340 kg. Tus nqi hluav taws - txog 20 txhaj tshuaj / min. Nrog cov ntaub ntawv zoo rau nws lub sijhawm, 37-mm Hom 94 rab phom tau tsim qauv qub. Kev mus los uas tsis tau tawg thiab ntoo, cov log hlau tsis tau tso cai rau nws rub los ntawm kev kub ceev. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tsim cov Hom 94 txuas ntxiv mus txog xyoo 1943. Ntau tshaj 3,400 rab phom tau tsim tawm tag nrho.
Xyoo 1941, tau hloov kho tshiab ntawm rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank, lub npe hu ua Hom 1, tau siv. m / os.
Txawm hais tias rab phom 37-mm Hom 1 los ntawm lub sijhawm nws tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo nrog cov tso tsheb hlau luam nruab nrab niaj hnub no, 2,300 daim ntawv tau tsim los ntawm lub Plaub Hlis 1945.
Sib cais Nyij Pooj 37-hli phom tiv thaiv lub tank tau qee zaum raug ntes los ntawm Kuomintang thiab cov tub rog sib tawm tsam thaum Sino-Japanese Tsov Rog. Ntau tshaj ob puas lub phom loj 37-mm tau muab pov tseg ntawm cov neeg Communist tom qab kev swb ntawm Nyij Pooj. Cov phom ntes tau siv hauv kev sib ntaus nrog cov tub rog ntawm Kuomintang.
Hauv kev txuas nrog qhov kev npaj ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ntau ntxiv hauv xyoo 1939, 47-mm Type 1 anti-tank gun tau txais los ntawm Imperial Japanese Army. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm muab kev rub nrog cov neeg kho tshuab traction. Txog thaum Lub Yim Hli 1945, Nyij Pooj tau tswj kom xa txog 2,300 47-mm Hom 1 phom.
Qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom 47-mm hauv qhov chaw tua yog 754 kg. Thawj qhov ceev ntawm 1.53 kg ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej cuab tam yog 823 m / s. Ntawm qhov deb ntawm 500 m, qhov projectile, thaum tsoo ntawm lub kaum sab xis, tuaj yeem nkag mus rau 60 mm ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rog. Piv rau 37-mm lub plhaub, 47-mm tawg lub plhaub hnyav 1, 40 kg muaj ntau qhov tawg thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua thaum tua cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab lub zog tiv thaiv lub zog.
Txog rau xyoo 1930 lig, Hom Phom 1 tau ua raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum muaj kev tawm tsam nws tau pom meej tias cov cuab yeej ua ntej ntawm Asmeskas lub tank nruab nrab "Sherman" tuaj yeem nkag mus tau ntawm qhov deb tsis tshaj 200 m.
Tom qab Nyij Pooj tau lees paub, Soviet Union tau muab ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab riam phom ntawm Kwantung Army rau cov tub rog tsim los ntawm Suav Tuam Tshoj. Tus lej pes tsawg ntawm cov phom tiv thaiv Nyij Pooj tau xa mus rau USSR tsis paub. Thaj, peb tuaj yeem tham txog ntau pua phom. Kev ntes 47-mm rab phom tau nquag siv los ntawm cov koog hauv pawg tiv thaiv Kuomintang thiab thawj lub sijhawm ntawm Tsov Rog Kauslim.
Soviet 45 mm phom tiv thaiv lub tank
Tsis pub dhau lub moj khaum ntawm kev koom tes ua tub rog-thev naus laus zis, Soviet Union tau xa ntau pua pua 45 mm phom tiv thaiv lub tank ntawm 1934 tus qauv thiab 1937 tus qauv rau tsoomfwv Suav nyob rau lub sijhawm txij xyoo 1937 txog 1941.
45 hli anti-tank phom mod. 1934 thiab arr. Xyoo 1937 ntawm lub xyoo taug lawv caj ces mus rau rab phom 37-mm ntawm xyoo 1930 tus qauv (1-K), uas, nyeg, tau tsim los ntawm cov kws tsim khoom ntawm German tuam txhab Rheinmetall-Borsig AG thiab muaj ntau yam nrog 3, 7 cm Pak 35/36 phom tiv thaiv lub tank.
Qhov hnyav ntawm 45-mm rab phom mod. Xyoo 1937 ntawm lub xyoo hauv txoj haujlwm sib ntaus yog 560 kg, kev suav ntawm tsib tus neeg tuaj yeem yob nws qhov kev ncua deb kom hloov txoj haujlwm. Tus nqi hluav taws - 15-20 txhaj tshuaj / min. Lub foob pob ua ntxaij rab phom hnyav 1, 43 kg, tawm hauv lub thoob nrog qhov pib ceev ntawm 760 m / s, ntawm qhov deb ntawm 500 m raws qhov ib txwm tuaj yeem nkag mus rau 43 mm ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rog. Cov mos txwv thauj khoom kuj suav nrog kev tawg thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo txhaj tshuaj. Kev tawg tawg tawg hnyav hnyav 2, 14 kg muaj 118 g ntawm TNT thiab muaj thaj tsam tsis tu ncua ntawm 3-4 m.
Piv rau 37-mm Hom 30 thiab 3 rab phom loj hauv Suav pab tub rog, 7 cm Pak 35/36 Soviet 45-mm phom muaj qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb hauv kev tawm tsam tus yeeb ncuab lub zog thiab tuaj yeem rhuav tshem lub zog tiv thaiv lub zog. Nrog rau qhov hnyav thiab cov yam ntxwv me me, rab phom phom nkag ntawm 45 mm lub plhaub tau ntau dua li txaus los rhuav tshem ib lub tank Nyij Pooj uas tawm tsam hauv Suav teb.
Sib ntaus sib tua siv Suav phom tiv thaiv lub tank tawm tsam Japanese tso tsheb hlau luam
Nyob rau xyoo ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua Nyij Pooj-Suav, Suav cov phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank Suav tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev ua yeeb ncuab.
Qhov no feem ntau yog los ntawm kev siv tsis raug ntawm cov phom tiv thaiv lub tank uas twb muaj lawm thiab qib tsis zoo ntawm kev npaj ntawm kev suav. Feem ntau, cov phom 37-45-mm muaj siv rau kev tua hluav taws ntawm cov tub rog, thiab tsis yog rau kev sib ntaus sib tua tsheb. Nws yog ib qho kev coj ua los tsoo cov roj teeb loj thiab siv cov phom sib txuas rau cov tub rog nyob ib leeg. Yog tias cov yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam tawm hauv tshav rog, qhov no tsis tso cai rau cov phom tiv thaiv cov phom tua phom tua lawv, ua rau nws nyuaj rau muab cov mos txwv, kev pabcuam thiab kho.
Txawm li cas los xij, tau muaj kev zam.
Yog li, hauv ib ntawm thawj qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua loj ntawm Sino -Japanese War - hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Wuhan (Lub Rau Hli - Lub Kaum Hli 1938), Suav cov tub rog tiv thaiv lub tank loj tuaj yeem tsoo thiab rhuav tshem 17 lub tsheb tiv thaiv.
Txawm hais tias muaj tsawg tus tso tsheb hlau luam hauv pab tub rog Nyij Pooj, lawv tsis txawv ntawm qib kev tiv thaiv thiab riam phom muaj zog, feem ntau cov neeg Suav raug yuam kom siv riam phom tiv thaiv lub tank tiv thaiv lawv. Nrog qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov phom tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv lub tank, Suav tau tua ntawm Japanese cov tso tsheb hlau luam los ntawm cov phom thiab cov phom sij. Kuj tau sau tseg yog qhov ua tiav siv 20-hli phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm German, Italian thiab Danish ntau lawm.
Thaum Suav tau muaj txoj hauv kev los npaj rau kev tiv thaiv, tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas rau cov teeb meem kev tsim vaj tsev: tau tsim cov mine, cov pob zeb tawg thiab tiv thaiv cov kwj dej tau teeb tsa hauv cov chaw uas muaj kev phom sij ntawm txoj kev, tuab cov cav ntoo tau khawb rau hauv av, txuas nrog hlau hlau.
Feem ntau, Suav cov tub rog siv Molotov cocktails thiab cov foob pob tawg los tua cov tsheb Nyij Pooj. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov neeg Nyij Pooj, "tseem muaj cov mines" tseem siv tau - cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb, dai nrog cov foob pob tawg thiab cov khoom tawg, uas ua rau lawv tus kheej tawg nrog rau cov tso tsheb hlau luam Japanese. Qhov kev pom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm "cov mines nyob" muaj nyob rau ntawm Kev Sib Tw ntawm Taierzhuang xyoo 1938.
Hauv thawj theem ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, Suav tus neeg tua neeg tua neeg tua neeg tau nres lub tank Nyij Pooj los ntawm tshuab nws tus kheej hauv qab lub taub hau tank. Hauv ib qho ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav tshaj plaws, cov tub rog ntawm Suav Tuag Corps tau tawg 4 lub tank Japanese nrog lawv.
Kev sib raug zoo ntawm Kuomintang thiab Suav Communist Party thiab thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog
Txog rau qee lub sijhawm, Kuomintang thiab Suav cov koomhaum ua haujlwm tau sib koom ua ke tawm tsam cov neeg Nyij Pooj. Tab sis tom qab kev ua tiav ntawm pab tub rog thib 8 ntawm NRA, cov hauv paus rau kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Pawg Sab Laj hauv "Kev sib ntaus ntawm ib puas tus tub rog" uas tau pib thaum Lub Yim Hli 20, 1940 thiab xaus rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 5 ntawm tib lub xyoo, Chiang Kai-shek, ntshai tsam muaj kev cuam tshuam loj ntxiv ntawm CPC, thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1941 tau xaj kom tawm tsam ntawm lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog tshiab uas tau tsim los ntawm pawg tub rog thib 4. Cov tub rog sib tua, suav nrog cov neeg tawm tsam txog 7 zaug, tau swb tag.
Mao Zedong xav siv qhov xwm txheej no los ua kev zam txim rau ua txhaum kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv Nyij Pooj. Txawm li cas los xij, ua tsaug rau txoj haujlwm ntawm cov neeg sawv cev Soviet, qhov no tau zam. Tab sis kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob tog tsis muaj kev cia siab puas ntsoog, thiab tom qab ntawd Kuomintang thiab Communist tog tau hla mus qhib kev sib ntaus sib tua.
Tom qab Nyij Pooj tau swb, Kuomintang thiab CCP tsis tuaj yeem tswj hwm tag nrho thaj chaw ntawm lub tebchaws. Txawm hais tias cov tub rog ntawm Kuomintang tau loj dua thiab muaj cov cuab yeej zoo dua, lawv feem ntau nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm lub tebchaws, thiab kev sib cais zoo tshaj plaws nrog Asmeskas cov riam phom tau nyob hauv Is Nrias teb thiab Burma.
Raws li cov xwm txheej no, Chiang Kai-shek, sib pauv rau kev lees paub ntawm kev nyab xeeb ntawm tus kheej, tau hais kom cov tub rog ntawm tsoomfwv qub qub tub rog ntawm Wang Jingwei thiab tso siab rau lawv nrog kev tiv thaiv lub nroog thiab kev sib txuas lus los ntawm cov neeg Nyij Pooj. Lawv tau xaj kom tsis txhob swb rau cov neeg Communist thiab tsis txhob tso lawv cov riam phom. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov neeg tawm tsam tsis tuaj yeem hla txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau thiab cov nroog loj. Lawv tswj hwm lub nroog me thiab nruab nrab, cais ntu ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau thiab ib puag ncig lub nroog.
Txawm hais tias tau txais kev pab loj los ntawm Asmeskas, Kuomintang tsis tuaj yeem swb cov tub rog ntawm kev tawm tsam, tso siab rau kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov neeg feem coob nyob deb nroog. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev, qhov no tau pab txhawb los ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm USSR.
Tom qab kev dim ntawm Manchuria los ntawm cov neeg Nyij Pooj Nyij Pooj, tsoomfwv Soviet tau txiav txim siab xa Manchuria mus rau hauv Suav tes ntawm cov neeg Communist. Ua ntej kev tshem ntawm Soviet pab tub rog los ntawm Manchuria, tsoomfwv Kuomintang tab tom yuav hloov nws cov tub rog nyob ntawd, uas yuav tsum nyob hauv thaj tsam uas tau tso dim. Tab sis Moscow tsis tso cai siv Port Arthur thiab Dalny rau kev hloov pauv ntawm Kuomintang pab tub rog, nrog rau cov tsheb ntawm Tuam Tshoj -Changchun Railway - yav dhau los CER, thiab tsis tso cai tsim kev tsim tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm los ntawm Kuomintang hauv Manchuria.
Tom qab kev swb ntawm Nyij Pooj, lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm Suav kev sib raug zoo tau tawg mus rau cuaj caum "thaj tsam uas tau tso dim." Nyob rau sab qaum teb Tuam Tshoj, Qinhuangdao, Shanhaiguan thiab Zhangjiakou poob rau hauv lawv txoj kev tswj hwm. Cov cheeb tsam no tau sib cuag nrog thaj tsam ntawm Inner Mongolia thiab Manchuria, raug tso tawm los ntawm Soviet Army, uas pab txhawb cov khoom siv thiab khoom siv thiab hloov pauv ntawm pab tub rog. Nyob rau thawj theem, cov neeg tawm tsam tau hloov pauv txog 100 txhiab tus tib neeg mus rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj, thiab txog thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1945 tag nrho thaj chaw ntawm Manchuria sab qaum teb ntawm tus Dej Songhua tau nyob hauv CPC pab tub rog.
Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1945, pab tub rog Kuomintang tau mus rau kev ua phem, lub hom phiaj uas yog txeeb txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau los ntawm sab qab teb mus rau Beijing, tshem thaj tsam Beijing-Tianjin thiab Manchuria. Chiang Kai-shek cov tub rog nyob rau xyoo 1946-1949 tau txais kev pab tub rog los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas txog $ 4.43 nphom, thiab thaum xub thawj lawv tau tswj hwm nruj rau cov neeg tawm tsam. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab ntawd, kev ua tub rog muaj kev vam khom tau khiav tawm ntawm cov neeg hauv tebchaws.
Cov neeg tawm tsam tau siv qhov zoo ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov nroog nrog kev tsim khoom lag luam, cov cuab yeej ua tub rog ntawm kev swb Kwantung Army, nrog rau thaj chaw nyob deb nroog loj nyob hauv lawv txhais tes. Ua tsaug rau kev hloov kho thaj av tau ua tiav, CCP nyiam cov neeg ua liaj ua teb rau nws sab, vim yog qhov kev xav ntawm lub siab xav nrhiav neeg ua haujlwm pib tuaj rau hauv pab tub rog Communist. Ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam uas twb muaj lawm, nws muaj peev xwm los npaj tsim cov mos txwv rau cov caj npab me me thiab cov phom loj. Lub Soviet Union tau xa cov tub rog Nyij Pooj uas raug ntes.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Manchu pab pawg tau dhau los ua tus muaj zog tshaj plaws hauv pab tub rog ntawm Communist, cov phom loj thiab txawm tias lub tank tau pib tsim hauv nws. Xyoo 1947, cov tub rog hauv pawg tswj hwm tau tswj hwm kom dim ntawm thaj chaw loj, thiab tag nrho xeev Shandong tau los nyob hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm cov neeg Communist. Thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1948, kev sib ntaus sib tua Liaoshen tau nthuav tawm, raws li qhov uas ib nrab lab lab pab pawg Kuomintang tau raug rhuav tshem. Qhov sib npaug ntawm cov rog tau hloov pauv ntau hauv kev pom zoo ntawm Cov Neeg Lij Choj, thiab qhov kev hloov pauv tau tshwm sim thaum muaj kev tawm tsam.
Tom qab tsoomfwv Nanjing tsis quav ntsej cov lus ntawm kev cog lus kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb, peb pawg CCP cov tub rog tau tawm tsam thiab hla Yangtze. Nyob rau hauv ib hnub, nyob rau hauv rab phom loj thiab phom cug, nyob rau hauv huab cua tawm tsam, 830 txhiab tus tub rog nrog riam phom, mos txwv thiab khoom siv tau raug xa mus rau sab qab teb ntawm ntug dej loj tshaj plaws hauv Suav teb. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 23, 1949, Kuomintang tus thawj coj tau ncaim Nanjing thiab tsiv mus rau Guangzhou, thaum Chiang Kai-shek nws tus kheej ya mus rau Taiwan.
Txog thaum nruab nrab Lub Plaub Hlis 1949, pab tub rog Kuomintang tau txiav ua tej daim. Ib pab pawg tau tiv thaiv thaj tsam Shanghai -Nanjing, lwm qhov - ciam teb ntawm xeev Shaanxi thiab Sichuan, thib peb - npog kev nkag mus rau Gansu, Ningxia thiab Xinjiang xeev, plaub - thaj tsam Wuhan, thib tsib - los ntawm kev xaj ntawm Chiang Kai -shek, tau khiav tawm mus rau Taiwan. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 11, cov tub rog sib tua tau tsoo Wuhan. Tom qab ntawd lawv tau tsiv mus rau Shanghai, thiab thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 25 lub nroog raug coj mus. Thaum pib lub Tsib Hlis, Taiyuan thiab Xian poob, thiab sab qab teb ntawm xeev Shaanxi tau raug tshem tawm ntawm Kuomintang. Lanzhou (nruab nrab ntawm xeev Gansu) tau nyob rau lub Yim Hli 25, thiab Xining (nruab nrab ntawm Qinghai) thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 5.
Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1, 1949, Cov Neeg Sawv Cev ntawm Tuam Tshoj tau tshaj tawm hauv Beijing, tab sis kev sib ntaus sib tua txuas ntxiv nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm lub tebchaws.
Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 8, cov tub rog sib tua tawg mus rau hauv Guangzhou thiab mus txog Hong Kong. Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis Ntuj tas los, Cov Neeg Sab Laj, tab tom nrhiav kev tshem tawm Kuomintang, tau ntes cov xeev Sichuan thiab Guizhou. Tsis ntev ua ntej qhov no, tsoomfwv Kuomintang tau khiav mus rau Taiwan los ntawm Asmeskas lub dav hlau.
Thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1949, Chiang Kai-shek pab pawg ntawm pab tub rog nyob hauv Yunnan tau tso tseg. Kaum tawm txhiab tus tub rog Kuomintang tsis sib haum thiab cov tub ceev xwm tau khiav tawm hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb rau Burma thiab Fabkis Indochina. Tom qab ntawd, kwv yees li 25 txhiab tus tswvcuab Kuomintang tau ua haujlwm los ntawm Fab Kis txoj cai tswjfwm. Qhov kawg ntawm lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1949, Chengdu tau raug coj los ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1949, cov tub rog tawm tsam tau nkag mus rau Xinjiang yam tsis muaj kev tawm tsam. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1950, cov kob ntawm Hainan tau raug tswj hwm. Thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1950, PLA chav nkag mus rau Tibet, thiab thaum lub Tsib Hlis 23, 1951, tau kos npe rau "Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo rau Kev Thaj Yeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb ntawm Tibet".
Cov tsheb tiv thaiv uas siv hauv kev ua tsov rog
Ua raws li cov xwm txheej hauv cheeb tsam, txoj kev av thiab cov choj tsis muaj zog, cov tsheb tiv thaiv lub teeb feem ntau yog siv hauv kev ua phem ntawm Kuomintang thiab CPC.
Los ntawm qhov pib ntawm kev ua tsov rog hauv ntiaj teb, tau xa hauv ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1930s, Lub tank German Pz. Kpfw. I, Soviet T-26 thiab BA-6 cov cuab yeej siv phom tau raug puas tsuaj hauv kev sib ntaus lossis tsis tau txiav txim vim muaj kev puas tsuaj. Tib txoj hmoo tau tshwm sim rau Renault FT-17 tso tsheb hlau luam yuav hauv Fabkis thiab Poland. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv pab tub rog Kuomintang xyoo 1946, muaj ntau lub tsheb tiv thaiv ntawm German tsim Kfz. 221 thiab Sd. Kfz. 222.
Rau nws lub sijhawm, nws yog lub tsheb tiv thaiv zoo heev uas tuaj yeem siv rau kev saib xyuas thiab sib ntaus sib tua lub tsheb tiv thaiv lub teeb. Kev sib ntaus hnyav Sd. Kfz. 222 yog 4, 8 tons. Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv pem hauv ntej - 14, 5 hli, sab npab - 8 hli. Cov cuab yeej ua rog-20-mm tsis siv neeg cannon thiab 7, 92-mm tshuab rab phom. Crew - 3 tus neeg. Kev ceev ceev - mus txog 80 km / h.
Cov tub rog Kuomintang muaj ntau lub tebchaws Asmeskas ua M3A1 cov tub rog tiv thaiv tsheb, uas tau siv rau kev saib xyuas, saib xyuas, hauv lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub tsheb laij teb thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv tub rog.
Qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsheb tiv thaiv tub rog nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm sib ntaus yog 5, 65 tons. Cov phom-12, 7-mm tshuab rab phom M2, thiab 1-2 7, 62-mm tshuab rab phom. Kev ceev ceev - mus txog 80 km / h. Sab hauv tuaj yeem haum 5-7 paratroopers.
Tsis tas li ntawm qhov pov tseg ntawm cov neeg suav tebchaws Suav yog tus lej M3 ib nrab ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv cov tub rog.
Lub tsheb no, hnyav 9.1 tons, tau tiv thaiv thiab ua tub rog zoo ib yam li lub tsheb M3 lub log tsheb, thiab tuaj yeem nqa 13 tus neeg ntawm kev nrawm mus txog 72 km / h.
Cov tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws thiab muaj riam phom hnyav muaj nyob hauv pab tub rog Kuomintang yog M4A2 Sherman. Tom qab kev tshem tawm ntawm American Marines los ntawm Tianjin xyoo 1947, rau lub tank nruab nrab tau xa mus rau 74th Nationalist Division. Ua ntej ntawd, Suav tau tawm tsam hauv Is Nrias teb ntawm M4A4 tso tsheb hlau luam, tab sis cov tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm qhov kev hloov kho no tsis koom nrog kev tawm tsam nrog cov neeg tawm tsam.
Lub M4A2 lub tank hnyav 30.9 tons thiab tau tiv thaiv los ntawm 64 mm cov cuab yeej ua ntej. Lub thickness ntawm sab thiab tawv armor yog 38 hli. Cov cuab yeej ua rog - 75 mm M3 rab phom thiab ob rab phom 7, 62 mm. Qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 42 km / h. Crew - 5 tus neeg.
Cov Shermans tau xa mus rau Chiang Kai-shek cov tub rog tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau npaum li cas thaum muaj kev tawm tsam. Tom qab kev sib faib 74th tau swb, tsawg kawg ib lub tank tau raug ntes los ntawm cov neeg communist thiab tom qab ntawd tau koom nrog hauv kev yeej tus neeg taug kev hauv Xuzhou.
Lub zog tseem ceeb hauv cov tub rog tiv thaiv ntawm Kuomintang yog M3A3 Stuart lub tso tsheb hlau luam, uas ntau dua 100 units tau xa.
Rau lub teeb pom kev hnyav txog 12.7 tons, Stuart tau tiv thaiv zoo thiab muaj cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv sab saud sab saud 25-44 hli tuab, uas muab kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv 20-25 mm zoo li. Sab thiab tawv 25 hli cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tuaj yeem tiv taus tsoo los ntawm cov mos txwv loj thiab 20-mm zoo li. Lub tuab ntawm lub tsho tiv thaiv ntawm lub hauv ntej ntawm lub turret yog 38-51 hli, sab thiab lub tsho tiv thaiv hnyav yog 32 hli. Cov phom loj 37-mm M6 tau muab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv rab phom hnyav 870 g nrog thawj qhov nrawm ntawm 884 m / s. Ntawm qhov deb ntawm 300 m, M51 Shot armor-piercing tracer puag ncig hla 43 mm armor raws qhov ib txwm muaj. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov tub rog, muaj peb rab phom-caliber tshuab rab phom. Carbureted engine nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 250 litres. nrog tuaj yeem nrawm lub tank mus rau 60 km / h.
Lub tank M3A3 Stuart tau zoo haum rau cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb ntawm Suav kev tsov rog. Nws muaj peev xwm hla tebchaws tau zoo, tau paub txaus los ntawm Suav cov tsheb thauj khoom thiab tau nrov ntawm cov tub rog.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, 37-mm projectile muaj qhov ua haujlwm tsis muaj zog ua kom tawg, uas ua rau nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau tua hluav taws ntawm tib neeg thiab kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm. Stuart qhov kev tiv thaiv tseem ceeb tiv thaiv cov phom loj yog nws lub zog loj.
Hauv ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1930s, tsoomfwv Kuomintang tau yuav 100 CV33 tankettes los ntawm Ltalis. Cov tsheb no tau tsim los ntawm Fiat thiab Ansaldo.
Thaum xub thawj, CV33 tau siv phom 6, 5 mm Fiat Mod. 14 tshuab rab phom, tab sis nyob hauv Suav teb, cov tsheb tau siv phom loj nrog Nyij Pooj 7, 7 hli. Lub tuab ntawm cov cuab yeej ua ntej ntawm lub hull thiab lub log tsheb yog 15 hli, sab thiab sab nraub qaum yog 9 hli. Nrog qhov hnyav ntawm 3.5 tons, lub tank tso nrog lub cav 43 hp carburetor. sec., tuaj yeem ua kom nrawm txog 42 km / h.
Hauv Suav pab tub rog, CV33 lub tankettes feem ntau yog siv rau kev sib txuas lus thiab kev tshawb nrhiav, suav nrog ua ib feem ntawm cov tub rog caij nees. Tom qab qhov kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm lub tankettes tau tshwm sim hauv kev sib tsoo nrog cov tub rog Nyij Pooj, qee lub tsheb tau siv los ua tsheb laij teb rau German phom tiv thaiv lub tank phom 3, 7 cm Pak 35/3. Xws li, lawv tau koom nrog hauv kev ua tsov rog, thiab tom qab ntawd raug ntes los ntawm PLA.
Cov tub rog tiv thaiv ntawm pab tub rog Kuomintang muaj txog li kaum ob lub tebchaws Amelikas tso tsheb hlau luam LVT (A) 1 thiab LVT (A) 4. Cov tsheb no muaj cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv mos txwv thiab hnyav li 15-16 tons. Qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv av yog 32 km / h, ntawm dej - 12 km / h. LVT (A) 1 muaj lub turret los ntawm M5 Stuart lub tank nrog rab phom 37 mm thiab rab phom tshuab 7.62 mm. LVT (A) 4 muaj riam phom nrog 75 mm howitzer, 7, 62 thiab 12, 7 mm rab phom tshuab.
Cov tsheb uas tsis zoo li no, yog siv kom raug, tuaj yeem yog cov cuab yeej pab tua hluav taws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev hla kev hla dej. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lawv kev sib ntaus los ntawm Kuomintang. Taug kev amphibians tau tso tseg thaum lub sijhawm rov qab los, tom qab tau rov kho dua thiab siv hauv PLA txog thaum nruab nrab xyoo 1970s.
Yog tias pab tub rog Kuomintang feem ntau tau nruab nrog Asmeskas ua lub tsheb tiv thaiv tub rog, tom qab ntawd cov tub rog hauv Suav teb suav nrog siv cov qauv piv txwv. Cov tub rog tiv thaiv ntawm CPC feem ntau ua haujlwm Japanese tso tsheb hlau luam xa mus rau USSR (Cov Tub Rog Liab ntes tau 389 tus neeg Nyiv Pooj tso tsheb hlau luam), rov qab los ntawm cov tub rog tub rog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua lossis raug ntes ntawm cov tuam txhab kho lub tank.
Qhov ntau tshaj plaws yog Hom 97 Japanese nruab nrab tso tsheb hlau luam.
Kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav ntawm lub tank yog 15, 8 tons. Sab saud ntawm Hom 97 phaj pem hauv ntej yog tuab 27 hli, qhov nruab nrab yog 20 hli, qhov qis dua yog 27 hli. Armor sab - 20 mm. Ntauwd thiab qhov siab - 25 hli. Lub tank tau siv riam phom 57mm lossis 47mm thiab ob rab phom tshuab 7.7mm. Diesel nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 170 litres. nrog tau tso cai tsim kev nrawm ntawm 38 km / h ntawm txoj kev loj. Crew - 4 tus neeg.
Suav feem ntau tau siv qhov kev hloov kho zaum kawg nrog rab phom loj 47 mm. Txawm hais tias muaj peev xwm me dua, vim tias lub qhov ncauj nrawm heev, rab phom 47-mm tseem ceeb tshaj qhov rab phom 57-mm hais txog kev nkag mus rau tej cuab yeej.
Ntawm cov khoom pov thawj ntawm Beijing Military Museum ntawm Suav Kev Hloov Pauv yog Hom 97 lub tank nrog rab phom 47-mm.
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm Suav, qhov no yog thawj lub tank siv los ntawm cov tub rog sib tawm tsam coj los ntawm Mao Zedong. Lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua no tau ntes ntawm lub tuam txhab kho lub tank Nyij Pooj hauv Shenyang thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1945. Tom qab kho, lub tank tau koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus hauv Jiangnan, Jinzhou thiab Tianjin. Thaum lub sijhawm sib ntaus sib tua rau Jinzhou xyoo 1948, cov neeg ua haujlwm tso tsheb hlau luam hauv qab cov lus txib ntawm Dong Life tau tsoo los ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm pab tub rog Kuomintang.
Xyoo 1949, qhov "tank tank" no tau koom nrog hauv kev ua tub rog ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb rau kev tsim tsa PRC, thiab tseem nyob hauv kev pabcuam kom txog thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1950.
Cov suav suav suav tseem tau siv cov Nyij Pooj Hom 94 tankettes. Lub tsheb no, siv phom 7.7 hli tshuab rab phom, tau siv rau kev saib xyuas, saib xyuas thiab ua lub tsheb laij teb rau tiv thaiv lub tank thiab phom phom.
Qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsheb yog 3.5 tons. Lub tuab ntawm lub tsho tiv thaiv lub hauv ntej thiab lub npog ntsej muag phom tshuab yog 12 hli, daim ntawv tawv yog 10 hli, phab ntsa ntawm lub turret thiab ob sab ntawm lub hull yog 8 hli. Crew - 2 tus neeg. Carburetor cav nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 32 litres. nrog nrawm lub tsheb ntawm txoj kev loj mus rau 40 km / h.
Cov suav suav suav suav tseem tswj hwm qhov piv txwv uas tsis tshua muaj - Hom 95 taug qab cov log tsheb uas siv tau, uas muaj peev xwm txav tau ob qho tib si los ntawm kev tsheb nqaj hlau thiab ntawm txoj kev zoo ib yam. Kev nqa thiab txo qis ntawm cov khoom txav ntawm cov chassis taug qab ntawm lub tshuab no tau ua tiav siv cov jacks. Kev hloov pauv ntawm txoj kab mus rau lub log tau siv 3 feeb, thiab hauv qhov rov qab txiav txim sai dua - 1 feeb.
6 tus neeg tuaj yeem haum sab hauv lub log tsheb maus taus. Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv pem hauv ntej - 8 hli, sab npab - 6 hli. Cov phom - 7, 7 -mm tshuab rab phom. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau yog 70 km / h, ntawm txoj kev loj - 30 km / h.
Ntawm cov khoom plig uas tau txais los ntawm cov tub rog rog tau yog ob peb Asmeskas-ua M3A3 Stuart lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam.
Tank "Stuart" nrog tus lej "568" tau rov qab los ntawm Chiang Kai-shekists thaum sib ntaus rau South Shandong thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1947. Tom qab ntawd, M3A3 no nkag mus rau hauv cov tub rog ntawm East China Field Army, thiab nws tau koom nrog hauv Jinan thiab Huaihai phiaj xwm. Thaum sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Jinan, cov neeg ua haujlwm tank hauv kev coj ua ntawm Shen Xu tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Tom qab qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua kawg "Stuart" tau txais lub meej mom "Meritorious Tank", thiab tus thawj coj tank Shen Xu - "Iron Man Hero". Xyoo 1959, lub tank no tau hloov pauv los ntawm Tank Academy No. 1 mus rau Tub Rog Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Suav Kev Tawm Tsam hauv Beijing.
Siv cov phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank hauv kev ua tsov rog
Ua raws li qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm Suav kev ua tsov rog, tub rog, phom tshuab thiab rab phom loj tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Nyob rau thawj theem ntawm kev ua phem, Kuomintang muaj tus lej tseem ceeb ua tau zoo hauv cov tsheb tiv thaiv, thiab yog li ntawd cov tub rog hauv pawg ntseeg yuav tsum teeb tsa kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv lub tank.
37, 45 thiab 47-mm rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank tuaj yeem nkag mus rau pem hauv ntej cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm txhua lub tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm ob sab, tshwj tsis yog qee tus Shermans tau xa mus rau cov neeg Asmeskas. Hauv cov xwm txheej no, feem ntau nyob ntawm qhov kev tsim nyog ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tank. Tus yuam sij rau kev tsis muaj peev xwm thiab ua tau zoo ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua yog qhov muaj peev xwm tswj tau thiab muaj peev xwm siv thaj av. Feem ntau, kev suav ntawm Suav cov phom tiv thaiv lub tank tau ua rau tsis muaj peev xwm tua tau sai thiab tua cov tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm qhov txav mus. Hauv kev ncaj ncees, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias tsis muaj ob peb lub tankers uas tau kawm zoo los ntawm Suav.
Kev txiav txim siab thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw uas muaj kev tawm tsam, thiab muaj tsawg lub tsheb tso tsheb hlau luam thiab cov phom tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv lub tank muaj nyob hauv Kuomintang thiab Cov tub rog Communist, qhov kev hem thawj loj rau cov tsheb tiv thaiv yog sawv cev los ntawm kuv lub foob pob. teeb meem thiab riam phom tiv thaiv tub rog tiv thaiv lub tank: bazookas, foob pob tes thiab fwj nrog qhov sib xyaw ua kom tawg. Nws yog lawv, nrog rau kev qhia tsis zoo ntawm Suav cov neeg ua haujlwm, tsis tuaj yeem tswj hwm cov cuab yeej hauv kev ua haujlwm, uas ua rau muaj kev poob loj. Qee lub tso tsheb hlau luam, nyam hauv cov nplej thiab tso tseg los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, hloov tes ntau zaus.
