Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog ntawm SFRY hnub no tuaj yeem ua kev zoo siab rau 75 xyoos. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 21, 1941, los ntawm kev txiav txim siab los ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm lub tebchaws Txoj Cai Lij Choj, thawj tus neeg tawm tsam cov neeg dim kev ywj pheej tau raug tsim los. Cov tub rog, thaum xub thawj hu ua People's Liberation Army, tom qab ntawd dhau los ua Yugoslav People's Army (JNA). Cov neeg nyeem Lavxias paub ntau txog nws txoj kev sib ntaus, tab sis tsis ntau dhau txog kev ua tsov rog tom qab JNA. Tab sis muaj qee yam yuav tsum nco ntsoov.
Tom qab xyoo 1948, kev sib raug zoo ntawm Yugoslav kev coj noj coj ua thiab Soviet Union tsis zoo mus txog thaum Kremlin tshaj tawm Tito txoj kev tswj hwm "fascist". Generalissimo thiab tus thawj tswj hwm tsis pom zoo txog kev tsim ntawm kev sib raug zoo hu ua "Balkan Federation" suav nrog Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Albania, thiab hauv qhov siab tshaj plaws - kuj yog Romania thiab Greece. Belgrade tau txiav txim siab qhov kev xav no tsim los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm "Great Yugoslavia". Nws yog qhov pom tseeb tias tus thawj coj Soviet tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab nrog kev tshwm sim ntawm lwm tus thawj coj hauv pawg neeg uas muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb. Nrog rau kev tuag ntawm Stalin, teeb meem hauv kev sib raug zoo tau kov yeej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim tsis muaj "Balkan Federation" tsis tshwm sim. Txawm li cas los xij, SFRY, txuas ntxiv mus nrhiav txoj cai ywj pheej ntawm Moscow ("Tito thiab NATO"), tsis xav koom nrog Warsaw Pact Organization. Hauv 50s - 60s thaum ntxov, cov khoom siv tseem ceeb ntawm caj npab rau Yugoslavia yog Tebchaws Meskas thiab Tebchaws Askiv. Tom qab ntawd, SFRY tseem tau txais cov tub rog thiab cov cuab yeej siv "ob" lossis ntawv tso cai rau nws cov khoom lag luam hauv Austria, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees Sab Hnub Poob, Ltalis, Canada, Fabkis, Switzerland, thiab Sweden.
Txawm hais tias rov pib xa khoom loj ntawm Soviet riam phom txij li xyoo 60, Belgrade, uas nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej txoj kev coj mus rau hauv tus account cov xwm txheej hauv Hungary hauv 1956 thiab hauv Czechoslovakia hauv 1968, tsis txhob tso tseg xav txog Soviet Union thiab OVD tag nrho raws li lub peev xwm yeeb ncuab thaum muaj teeb meem tub rog loj. Qhov no tsis tau tshaj tawm rau pej xeem, tab sis Yugoslav kev tshaj tawm xov xwm tsis tu ncua hais txog kev npaj ntawm cov tub rog hauv tebchaws los tawm tsam "txhua tus neeg ua phem."
Haiv neeg - General
Los ntawm nruab nrab-70s, tus naj npawb ntawm JNA mus txog 267 txhiab tus neeg, ntxiv rau, 16 txhiab tau ua haujlwm nyob hauv tus neeg saib xyuas ciam teb. Muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tub rog - kwv yees li ib lab Yugoslavs raug xa mus rau cov tub rog tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, lwm 300 txhiab - rau cov tub rog tub rog tub rog. Cov tub rog cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm SFRY tau muab rau kev sib cuam tshuam yooj yim ntawm cov tub rog niaj hnub nrog cov tub rog.
JNA tau raug xaiv los ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau sau npe ua haujlwm. Lub sijhawm ua haujlwm pabcuam tub rog yog 15 lub hlis hauv cov tub rog hauv av, 18 - hauv huab cua thiab tub rog. Cov neeg tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ib cheeb tsam tau raug hu mus rau kev qhia ua ntu zus. CWP yog qhov yuav tsum tau kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Hauv lub sijhawm ua rog lossis lub sijhawm raug hem, cov txiv neej hnub nyoog 16-65 xyoos raug rau kev ua tub rog.
Hauv cov tub rog hauv av ntawm JNA, raws li ntau qhov chaw, nrog 200 txhiab tus neeg ua haujlwm, muaj rau rau lub hauv paus tub rog (raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov tub rog nyob rau lub sijhawm muaj kev thaj yeeb), cuaj pab tub rog, los ntawm xya txog 10 lub tank sib cais, 11-15 cais cov tub rog., ob lossis peb lub roob pab tub rog, 12 lub tub rog loj, 6 lub foob pob tiv thaiv lub tank, 12 lub dav hlau tiv thaiv dav hlau, ib pab tub rog sib cais.
Raws li Kev Pabcuam Sab Hnub Poob, cov tub rog tso nyob ze Sisak, Kragujevac thiab Skopje tuaj yeem sib koom ua ke los ua kev sib cais (txhua tus muaj ob lub tank thiab cov tub rog siv tub rog, nrog rau cov phom loj thiab xav tias yog nws tus kheej tawm tsam cov dav hlau tua phom loj).
Cov Tub Rog Cua (40 txhiab tus tib neeg) nyob rau ib nrab ntawm 70s muaj ntau dua 300 lub dav hlau sib ntaus (cov dav hlau thiab lub dav hlau tua lub dav hlau), Tub Rog (27 txhiab tus tib neeg) - tsib lub nkoj submarines, lub nkoj rhuav tshem, 85 lub nkoj me me thiab nkoj. Cov peev txheej tshwj xeeb ntawm Navy yog cov tub rog tiv thaiv cov tub rog tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, tsim los tiv thaiv ntug dej hiav txwv thiab muaj cov khoom siv me me ntab xws li cov nkoj nuv ntses, thaum muaj kev tawm tsam, siv riam phom tshuab.
Tag nrho, JNA yog, tau kawg, yog lub zog loj uas yuav tsum tau suav nrog hauv kev npaj ua tub rog ob sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub tuaj. Los ntawm kev saib xyuas kev nom tswv sab hauv, Tito saib cov tub rog yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev sib sau SFRY rau hauv ib lub xeev (uas tsis yog qhov ncaj ncees tom qab nws tuag). Nws muaj nqis sau cia ntawm no tias thaum pib ntawm 70s, Serbs suav txog 60.5 feem pua ntawm cov tub ceev xwm thiab 46 feem pua ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm JNA, nrog rau cov neeg hauv lub tebchaws kwv yees li 42 feem pua. Hauv qhov chaw thib ob (14 feem pua) ntawm cov tub ceev xwm yog Croats (koom nrog cov pejxeem - 23 feem pua), thaum ntawm cov neeg Croats thiab Montenegrins (3 feem pua) yog 19 feem pua txhua. Hauv cov lus txib siab ntawm JNA, Croats yog 38 feem pua, thiab Serbs - 33 feem pua.
Txawm tias thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob thiab tam sim ntawd tom qab nws, Soviet Union tau muab Tito nrog kev pab tseem ceeb nrog riam phom thiab cuab yeej siv tub rog, tab sis xyoo 1949 txhua qhov no tau nres thiab Belgrade tau txav mus rau kev sib koom tes nrog Sab Hnub Poob.
Yuav ua li cas Tito tau ua tub rog
Kev sib cais ntawm kev sib raug zoo nrog USSR txhais tau tias, ntawm lwm yam, kev taw qhia rau riam phom thiab cuab yeej siv tub rog los ntawm Sab Hnub Poob, nrog rau kev tsim lawv cov khoom los ntawm kev lag luam hauv tsev, suav nrog lub hauv paus ntawm Soviet qauv. Raws li, ib theem tshiab pib hauv kev ua tub rog-kev txhim kho ntawm JNA.
Piv txwv li, thaum kawg ntawm 40s, Yugoslavs tau tswj hwm los ntawm Soviet Yak-9 thiab teeb tsa cov khoom lag luam S-49. Tag nrho 158 ntawm cov tshuab no tau tsim, uas tau siv hauv JNA txog xyoo 1961. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tau sim tsim los tsim nws tus kheej ntawm T-34-85 lub tank nruab nrab, txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj teeb meem thev naus laus zis, tsuas yog tsib lossis xya lub tsheb zoo li ntawd tau tsim. Ntxiv mus, Yugoslavia pib tau txais los ntawm Tebchaws Asmeskas M4 Sherman (xyoo 1952-1953 lawv tau xa 630 daim), thiab tom qab ntawd ntau dua M47 Patton (319-xyoo 1955-1958).
Cov neeg Amelikas tau qhia tib lub tshuab nrog Belgrade ib yam li lawv cov phoojywg NATO.
Hauv qhov tsim nyog ntau, JNA cov tub rog huab cua tau pib tsim nrog Western dav hlau. Txij li xyoo 1951, cov neeg Asmeskas tau pib muab cov piston fighter-bombers P-47D (F-47D) Thunderbolt (150, siv txog 1961), tom qab ntawd-cov cuab yeej dav hlau F-84G Thunderjet (230, siv txog xyoo 1974 nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws L-10).
Nws yog Thunderjets uas qhib lub sijhawm dav hlau hauv Yugoslav aviation. Lawv tau ua raws los ntawm Asmeskas cov tub rog sib ntaus sib tua F-86F "Saber". 121 ntawm cov tsheb Canadian muaj ntawv tso cai siv xyoo 1956-1971 raws li lub npe L-11. Sabers tau ua rau JNA Air Force nqa lub foob pob-thaum tig lub 60s, Tebchaws Asmeskas tau xa 1,040 AIM-9B Sidewinder-1A cov dav hlau ya mus rau huab cua luv luv rau lawv.
Cov neeg Amelikas, Askiv thiab Fab Kis tau pab txhim kho Tub Rog Nkoj, uas yog qhov pom kev tsis zoo nyob rau xyoo ua ntej tsov rog. Tshwj xeeb, nrog lawv txoj kev txhawb nqa, tus rhuav tshem "Split" ntawm Fab Kis txoj haujlwm, tso rau xyoo 1939, tau ua tiav thiab ua tub rog. Lub nkoj tau txais plaub tus neeg Asmeskas 127-mm Mk30 cov phom loj thoob ntiaj teb, ob lub tebchaws Askiv tiv thaiv submarine peb-barreled 305-mm Squid foob pob hluav taws, thiab Asmeskas radars.
Rov qab los ntawm Allied Arsenal
Qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm Soviet-Yugoslav uas tau pib tom qab xyoo 1953 coj mus rau qhov rov pib muab cov riam phom Soviet thiab hloov pauv kev siv tub rog. Qhov no txhais tau tias pib ntawm qib tshiab uas tsim nyog hauv cov cuab yeej sib ntaus ntawm cov tub rog. Txawm li cas los xij, lub tebchaws tsis tau txwv kev ua tub rog-kev koom tes nrog Sab Hnub Poob, txawm hais tias nws qib tau qis me ntsis.
Cov kev pabcuam ntawm cov caj npab me ntawm JNA tau hloov pauv. Hauv 50s, nws tau sawv cev los ntawm Soviet thiab ntes German cov qauv los ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Kev rov pib dua ntawm kev koom tes nrog USSR ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsom mus rau nruab JNA nrog caj npab me me raws li qhov kev tsim kho tshiab kawg. Raws li Soviet cov qauv, Yugoslavs tau ua tiav kev tsim rab yaj phom 9-mm "Model 67" (PM), 7, 62-mm self-loading carbines M59 (SKS-45), 7, 62-mm M64 thiab M64V phom ntev (AK-47 thiab AKS-47), nrog rau lawv cov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv rau pov cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv thiab tiv thaiv lub foob pob tawg phom loj-M70 thiab M70A.
Xyoo 1964-1965, JNA tau txais nws thawj ATGMs-Soviet tus kheej-propelled 2K15 Bumblebee nrog 2P26 lub foob pob ntawm lub chassis ntawm GAZ-69 tsheb (tom qab siv nws tus kheej Zastava jeeps). Lawv tau muab nrog 500 3M6 tiv thaiv lub tank ua cov cuaj luaj. Thiab xyoo 1971, 9K11M "Malyutka-M" cov khoom siv sib txuam nrog 9P111 lub foob pob hluav taws tau tshwm sim hauv JNA. Txog rau xyoo 1976, Soviet Union tau muab tsib txhiab 9M14M ATGMs rau lawv, thiab txij li xyoo 1974, Yugoslavian kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam tau tso tawm lwm 15 txhiab yam cuaj luaj rau nws tus kheej-propelled ATGMs ntawm nws tus kheej kev tsim khoom nrog lub foob pob hluav taws ntawm lub tsheb BOV, M -80 / M cov tub rog tua rog -80A thiab cov dav hlau. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv JNA yog 9K111 "Fagot" lub tshuab nqa, uas tau tsim tawm xyoo 1989-1991 raws li daim ntawv tso cai Soviet. Hauv tag nrho, ib txhiab 9M111 ATGMs raug rho tawm haujlwm rau lawv.
Raws li rau cov foob pob hluav taws, nyob rau xyoo 60, Yugoslavs tau xaiv qhov kev pom zoo los ntawm kev xa khoom ntawm Czechoslovakian 130-mm 32-barreled MLRS M51 (RM-130) ntawm Praga V3S chassis. Nyob ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm nws chav tsev phom loj hauv Yugoslavia, tau tsim 128-mm 32-barreled towed rocket launcher M-63 "Plamen".
Qhov ntev tshaj plaws hauv JNA SV yog Soviet TRK 9K52 "Luna-M". Kev faib ua pawg ntawm qhov teeb meem no, suav nrog plaub lub 9P113 tus kheej tua hluav taws thiab tib lub xov tooj ntawm 9T29 thauj cov tsheb thauj khoom, tau muab los ntawm Soviet Union xyoo 1969.
Kev xa khoom ntawm Soviet tau ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj zog tiv thaiv ntau ntxiv ntawm JNA. Xyoo 1962-1970, nws tau txais kwv yees li ob txhiab lub tso tsheb hlau luam nruab nrab T-54 thiab T-55, thiab xyoo 1963-ib puas lub teeb pom kev tso tsheb hlau luam PT-76. Xyoo 1981-1990, Yugoslav kev lag luam tsim 390 T-72M1 raws li daim ntawv tso cai Soviet, uas tau txais lub npe M-84.
Txij li 60s, lub hauv paus ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm JNA Air Force thiab Air Defense tau yog Soviet MiGs, uas tau muab cov neeg Asmeskas tsim ua kev sib ntaus sib tua los ntawm ib nrab ntawm 70s. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, Yugoslavia tau txais 41 MiG-21-F-13 (lub teb chaws xaiv L-12), 36 lub hauv ntej-kab cuam tshuam kev sib ntaus sib tua MiG-21PF thiab MiG-21PFM (L-14), 41 ntau yam MiG-21M thiab MiG-21MF (L -15 thiab L-15M) thiab 91 MiG-21bis (L-17). Xyoo 1987-1989, lub dav hlau tub rog thiab tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm JNA tau ua tiav nrog 16 lub hom phiaj sib ntaus sib tua ua ntej MiG-29 (L-18) thiab ob qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua MiG-29UB.
Raws li rau thaj chaw tua hluav taws ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv huab cua, ua tsaug rau kev pab los ntawm USSR, cov tub rog tiv thaiv dav hlau tau tshwm sim hauv nws, cov khoom siv riam phom uas tau pib thaum ib nrab xyoo 60. Lawv tau nruab nrog 15 lub chaw ruaj khov luv-ntau huab cua tiv thaiv kab ke S-125M "Pechora" hauv kev xa tawm "Neva" (tsawg kawg 600 5V27 cov foob pob hluav taws tau txais rau lawv, txhua txoj haujlwm muaj plaub lub foob pob thauj mus los) thiab 10 ib nrab nyob ruaj ruaj nruab nrab-huab cua tiv thaiv kab ke CA-75M "Dvina" "(Ntxiv rau 240 V-750V cuaj luaj rau lawv).
