Xyoo yug ntawm cov tub rog engineering hauv tebchaws Russia suav tias yog 1701. Xyoo no, Peter I, uas yog ib feem ntawm kev hloov kho tub rog uas nws tau ua, tau kos npe rau tsab cai lij choj ntawm kev tsim thawj lub tsev kawm engineering.
Kaum ib xyoos tom qab, xyoo 1712, los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm tib Peter I, lub koom haum ntawm cov tub rog kws ua haujlwm 'chav nyob tau raug kho, cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab tus lej ntawm cov kws tsim khoom siv ntawm cov tub rog loj tau txiav txim siab thiab pom zoo. Cov tub rog suav nrog: pab pawg pontoon, lub tuam txhab mine thiab pab pawg tsim qauv.
Tsis tas li ntawd, Peter Kuv tau pib ua haujlwm loj engineering kev qhia thiab kev qhia tsis yog rau cov tub rog loj, tab sis kuj tseem tshuav rau cov tub rog tsis tu ncua feem ntau.
Txoj cai lij choj ntawm Peter I ntawm 1713 tau nyeem: "Nws tau xaj kom cov tub ceev xwm thiab cov tub ceev xwm uas tsis yog tub ceev xwm ntawm Preobrazhensky cov tub rog uas nyob hauv St. Petersburg thaum lub caij ntuj no yuav tsum tsis txhob siv sijhawm tsis ua haujlwm thiab ua haujlwm, tab sis kawm engineering." Xyoo 1721, qhov kev txiav txim no tau txuas mus rau lwm cov tub rog. Ib qho kev txhawb siab ntxiv rau cov tub ceev xwm, thaum qhia kev txawj ua haujlwm engineering, tau nce qib: "Nws yog qhov tsim nyog heev rau cov tub ceev xwm kom paub txog engineering, yog li cov tub ceev xwm uas tsis yog tus saib xyuas haujlwm tseem yuav raug cob qhia ua tus kws qhia, thiab thaum nws tsis paub ib yam, tom qab ntawd cov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsis nyob qib siab dua."
Nrog rau kev txhim kho kev ua tub rog, thaj chaw ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv engineering tau nthuav dav thiab cov lus nug tau tshwm sim ntawm kev cais cov kev pabcuam engineering los ntawm cov phom loj. Yog li ntawd, txij li xyoo 1724, cov kws tsim vaj tsev tau txais lub xeev tshiab thiab pib koom nrog pab tub rog, raws li cov koog cais, lawv kuj tau suav nrog hauv cov tub rog tiv thaiv tub ceev xwm, thiab tus kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tau tshwm sim hauv txhua lub xeev.
Kev hloov pauv uas tau pib ua nyob rau hauv Peter kuv txiav txim siab lub koom haum thiab kev txhim kho kev tsim tub rog hauv tebchaws Russia rau tag nrho xyoo pua 18th.
Thaum pib ntawm Xya Xyoo Tsov Rog, cov kws tsim vaj tsev suav nrog cov tub rog kws tsim txuj ci, cov kws kawm txuj ci tsim txuj ci, cov neeg ua haujlwm (cov tub rog nyob qib uas tau muab rau cov neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab thiab cov kws ua yeeb yam hauv lub hauv paus loj, koog tsev kawm ntawv thiab thaj chaw engineering engineering), tuam txhab ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm thiab cov kws ua haujlwm. Cov tub rog nyob hauv 1756, hauv thawj xyoo ntawm kev ua tsov rog, suav nrog tsuas yog lub tuam txhab mine thiab pab pawg pontoon, uas yog nrog cov phom loj. Hauv kev ua yeeb yam, nws tau pom meej tias cov koog no tsis meej, yog li thaum lub caij ntuj no ntawm 1757 lub tuam txhab kuv tau hloov los ntawm tus kws ua haujlwm tub rog, thiab pab pawg pontoon tau xa mus rau hauv lub tuam txhab ntawm peb pawg, peb caug tus neeg nyob hauv txhua pawg. Hauv tag nrho, cov tub rog engineering suav txog 1,830 tus neeg thiab muaj txhua yam cuab yeej thiab cuab yeej tsim nyog rau lub xeev.
Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Xya Xyoo Tsov Rog, qhov xav tau feem ntau tshwm sim los tsim kev hla hla sai, thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib txuas pontoon tau zoo dua. Kev tsim vaj tsev thiab tsim tswv yim pib tsim, yog li xyoo 1759 Tus Thawj Tub Rog A. Nemov tau tsim thiab ua tiav siv hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua lub nkoj pontoon, uas yog qhov txawv los ntawm nws qhov hnyav, qhov yooj yim ntawm kev tsim thiab kev pheej yig tseem ceeb hauv kev sib piv nrog tooj liab pontoons.
Xyoo 1771, ntxiv nrog rau cov uas twb muaj lawm, "pioneer battalion of the General Staff" tau tsim los pab rau kev hla kev thiab choj ua haujlwm thaum sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov tub rog. Tab sis xyoo 1775, pawg tub rog tau raug tshem tawm, nws tau hloov los ntawm lwm lub tuam txhab pontoon thiab txoj kev thiab choj tshwj xeeb uas yog ib feem ntawm cov tuam txhab pab tub rog.
Txog thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, cov tub rog engineering tau nce ntau, uas, txawm li cas los xij, tau coj mus rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg thiab kev tawg ntawm cov khoom siv engineering, thiab ntxiv rau, feem ntau, kev pabcuam engineering tseem yog ib feem ntawm cov phom loj, uas tsis tau ua raws cov tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm pawg tub rog.
Yog li ntawd, thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, xyoo 1802, nrog rau kev tshwm sim ntawm Ministry of War, qhov kev pabcuam engineering thaum kawg sib cais los ntawm rab phom loj thiab tau txais nws lub tuam tsev hu ua Engineering Expedition. Tsuas yog cov pontoons tseem nyob hauv qhov kev hais kom ua ntawm Artillery Expedition.
Nyob rau lub sijhawm txij xyoo 1803 txog 1806, suav nrog kev paub txog kev sib ntaus, ntau qhov kev hloov pauv tshiab ntawm cov tub rog engineering ntawm Lavxias pab tub rog tau ua tiav.
Los ntawm xyoo 1812, cov tub rog nquag muaj 10 lub tuam txhab kuv thiab pioneer, 14 lub tuam txhab kev tsim vaj tsev nyob hauv cov chaw tiv thaiv, thiab cov tuam txhab pontoon txuas nrog cov phom loj tau koom nrog kev ua phem.
Raws li cov lus txib ntawm MI Kutuzov, txhua lub tuam txhab pioneer tau koom ua ke raws li cov lus txib ntawm General Ivashev, tus thawj coj ntawm kev sib txuas lus ntawm pab tub rog, uas tau teeb tsa ob pawg tub rog los ntawm lawv.
Kutuzov kuj tau hais kom Ivashev los teeb tsa pab pawg ntawm cov tub rog sib ntaus los txhim kho kev txav chaw ntawm cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob thaum lub sijhawm tawm tsam, txhawm rau txhim kho txoj hauv kev ua ntej ntawm cov tub rog uas tau nce qib. Nov yog yuav ua li cas thawj nees-pioneer squadrons hauv keeb kwm tau tsim.
Ua ntej kev tshaj tawm txawv teb chaws, tus naj npawb ntawm cov chav tsim khoom raug coj mus rau 40 lub tuam txhab (24 tus pioneer, 8 tus neeg ua haujlwm thiab 8 sappers). Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov neeg pioneer tsim yog kev tsim kho choj, txoj kev, kev tiv thaiv thaj tsam, nrog rau kev rhuav tshem ntawm cov yeeb ncuab teeb meem thiab tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm lawv cov tub rog. Cov miners thiab sappers tau siv hauv kev tsim kho cov chaw ruaj khov, hauv kev tawm tsam thiab tiv thaiv ntawm cov chaw tiv thaiv. Cov pontoon txuas tau siv los ntawm pontoons.
Kev ua tub rog ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Xyoo 1812 qhia txog qhov xav tau kom nce tus lej thiab kev hloov kho tom ntej ntawm cov tub rog engineering. Nyob rau lub sijhawm txij xyoo 1816 txog 1822, tau muaj kev rov txhim kho dua tshiab, tau hloov pauv mus rau hauv pawg tub rog tau ua, txhua pab tub rog tau txais ib tus pab tub rog lossis pab tub rog pioneer, cov tho kev thiab cov tub rog caij nkoj lawv tus kheej tau koom ua ke rau hauv peb pawg tub rog.
Txij li xyoo 1829, cov tub rog pioneer tau hloov pauv mus rau hauv cov tub rog caij nkoj, me ntsis tom qab xyoo 1844, cov tuam txhab ua lag luam tseem pib hu ua cov tuam txhab sapper. Txij lub sijhawm ntawd, txhua qhov kev faib haujlwm hauv engineering tau paub tias yog cov sappers.
Kev hloov kho tshiab kuj cuam tshuam rau cov tuam txhab pontoon, lawv tau hloov mus rau kev tswj hwm ntawm lub tuam tsev kev tsim vaj tsev thiab qhia rau hauv cov neeg pioneer thiab cov tub rog caij nkoj, thiab pib muab kev hla mus tsis yog rau cov phom loj, tab sis kuj rau lwm hom tub rog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, los ntawm kev ua phem rau xyoo 1812, cov tub rog thiab tus saib xyuas nees-pioneer pawg tub rog tau teeb tsa.
Yog li, raws li kev rov txhim kho, los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm peb lub hlis thib ib ntawm xyoo pua puv 19, cov tub rog engineering tau sib cais tag nrho los ntawm rab phom loj thiab tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm hom kev ywj pheej ntawm pab tub rog, raws li ib feem ntawm cov tub rog nquag, lawv tus lej yog tsuas yog ntau dua 21 txhiab tus neeg (2, 3% ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg tus tub rog tag nrho).
Thaum pib ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Crimean (1853-1856), Lavxias pab tub rog muaj peb pab tub rog caij nkoj.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog engineering ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd yog cov cuab yeej siv tsis zoo thiab kev sib cais tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog caij nkoj los ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog thiab cov tub rog uas lawv tau muab.
Lub sijhawm dhau los, nrog kev txhim kho kev tsim khoom thiab kev muaj peev xwm thiab thev naus laus zis, nrog kev tshwm sim thiab kev tsim kho ntawm txoj kev loj thiab kev tsheb ciav hlau, nrog kev pib siv thoob plaws kev siv xov tooj thiab xov tooj, cov cuab yeej siv ntawm pab tub rog kuj tau tsim.
Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua tsov rog tau coj mus rau kev hloov pauv tub rog tshiab hauv tebchaws Russia los ntawm 2860 txog 1874.
Cov tub rog engineering, uas tau hloov pauv qhov tsim nyog tom ntej thiab hloov pauv tseem ceeb, tsis sawv ib sab. Cov tub rog caij tsheb nqaj hlau (1870), cov tub rog taug kev hauv chaw sib tham hauv xov tooj cua (1874) tau tshwm sim hauv cov tub rog engineering, cov tub rog caij nkoj tau txais Tomilovsky cov tiaj ua si hlau ntawm lawv qhov chaw pov tseg.
Ib tus kws tshaj lij tshiab hauv kev ua haujlwm hauv av hauv kuv pom tshwm hauv kev sib faib engineering. Txog kev tsim nyog tau txais kev cob qhia ntawm cov kws tshaj lij no, tau tsim lub tsev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb - txheej txheem txheej txheem, uas tau qhib rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1857.
Los ntawm kev pib ua tsov rog Lavxias-Turkish (1877-1878), tau dhau los ua lwm qhov kev hloov pauv tshiab, cov tub rog engineering suav nrog 20, 5 txhiab tus neeg (2,8% ntawm tag nrho pab tub rog). Tom qab kev ua tsov rog xaus, tshwj xeeb tshiab tau ntxiv rau lawv: nquab kev sib txuas lus thiab kev ya dav hlau, thiab cov xov tooj hluav taws xob, cov tsheb nqaj hlau thiab cov chaw tiv thaiv kuv lub zog tau nce. Cov chaw ua si tsim vaj tsev ntxiv kuj tau tsim.
Txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, pab tub rog engineering yog ib ceg ywj pheej ntawm pab tub rog hauv thaj tsam thiab tau hais meej meej txog cov haujlwm thiab lub hom phiaj hauv kev coj ua phem. Lawv cov haujlwm suav nrog tswj hwm lub tsev tiv thaiv, tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm sib ntaus rau cov tub rog, tub rog thiab phom loj, ua rog rau kuv, ua haujlwm engineering thaum tiv thaiv thiab tiv thaiv cov chaw tiv thaiv, npaj kev hla thiab txoj kev, nrog rau kab xov tooj. Txhawm rau ua cov haujlwm no, cov tub rog tsim qauv suav nrog cov kws siv hluav taws xob, cov neeg ua haujlwm kev tsheb nqaj hlau tub rog, cov cim qhia, cov kws tsav dav hlau, cov miners, pontoons thiab cov neeg caij nkoj.
Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo 20, thaum kawg coj los ua ib pawg cais ntawm cov tub rog, cov tub rog engineering tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm cov tub rog hloov pauv tshiab. Muaj peev xwm tsim cov kws tsim txuj ci hauv lawv qib, lawv tau dhau los ua tus coj ntawm txhua qhov kev tsim txuj ci tub rog, ob leeg hauv pab tub rog thiab hauv pab tub rog.
Tsov Rogso-Japanese Tsov Rog (1904-1905) tau qhia txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm tub rog thiab tau muab ntau yam piv txwv rau kev npaj thiab koom haum tiv thaiv. Kev ua tiav ntawm kev paub txog kev ua tsov rog Lavxias-Nyij Pooj feem ntau thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev tiv thaiv zoo ntawm Port Arthur tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm kev tsim tub rog kev xav. Nws yog thaum lub sijhawm ua tsov rog no qhov kev tiv thaiv thaj tsam thaum kawg tau tsim los ua qhov tsim nyog tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, ob qho tib si nws lub ntsiab thiab ib qho ntawm nws cov ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - txuas mus ntev ntev. Qhov tsis tsim nyog ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg thiab lwm qhov kev tiv thaiv ntau tau nthuav tawm.
Thawj thawj zaug, txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv nyob tom qab tau teeb tsa ua ntej. Thaum lub sij hawm tiv thaiv ntawm Port Arthur, txoj haujlwm ruaj khov, tau tsim, txoj siv txoj hlua ntawm Port Arthur fortress tau hloov mus rau nws, qhov twg ntev thiab kev tiv thaiv kev sib koom ua ke sib ntxiv ua ke. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, cua daj cua dub ua rau cov tub rog Nyij Pooj tau poob ntau, 100,000 tus neeg raug tua thiab raug mob, uas dhau tus naj npawb ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Port Arthur plaub zaug.
Tsis tas li thaum lub sijhawm ua tsov rog no, tau siv lub ntsej muag luag ntxhi rau thawj zaug, xaim hlau tau siv ntau qhov ntau los ua ib qho kev cuam tshuam. Electrified, mine-tawg thiab lwm yam teeb meem tau siv dav.
Ua tsaug rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias: "Rau txhua feem ntawm cov tub rog uas tau tso cai los tawm tsam qhov chaw muaj zog, yuav tsum muaj cov neeg caij nkoj thiab pab pawg tua tsiaj nrog cov khoom siv los rhuav tshem cov teeb meem", thawj zaug hauv Cov tub rog Lavxias, tiv thaiv thiab pab pawg tshawb nrhiav engineering tau tsim los koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam.
Nov yog hnub yug ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua engineering. Cov neeg caij nkoj tau ua raws ntawm lub taub hau ntawm kab kev ua phem, ua haujlwm tshawb nrhiav engineering thiab paving txoj hauv kev rau cov tub rog hla kev nyuaj mus txog qhov chaw thiab dhau los ntawm kev dag ntxias ntawm cov yeeb ncuab.
Tsov rog Russo-Nyij Pooj kuj tseem ua rau muaj kev txhawb zog ntxiv rau cov lej ntawm cov khoom siv engineering. Ua ntej Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, cov tub rog engineering suav nrog 9 pawg tub rog caij nkoj, 39 pab tub rog caij nkoj, 38 lub dav hlau ya mus, 7 lub dav hlau ya dav hlau thiab 7 lub tuam txhab muaj lub foob pob, 25 lub tiaj ua si thiab ntau lub chaw tshwj tseg, uas feem ntau tshaj tus lej ntawm cov khoom siv engineering hauv Cov tub rog German.
Nrog kev txhim kho cov txuj ci tshiab ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, uas yog thawj zaug siv hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua los ntawm cov tub rog engineering, cov kev faib tshiab thiab cov koog tau tsim los rau kev siv cov txhais lus no hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, uas tom qab ntawd tau loj hlob mus rau hauv cov ceg ywj pheej ntawm cov tub rog.
Nws yog cov tub rog engineering uas tuaj yeem suav tias yog cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm cov tub rog xws li:
Cov tub rog tsheb ciav hlau (thawj cais los ntawm cov tub rog engineering xyoo 1904)
Aviation (1910-1918), Tsheb thiab cov tub rog tiv thaiv (1914-1918), Tshawb nrhiav pab tub rog (1904-1916), Cov tub rog tshuaj lom neeg (1914-1918), Thawj qhov kev txhim kho, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv cov chav ntawm cov tub rog no, tau ua tiav hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov tub rog engineering kos duab, los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov tsim qauv ntawm pab tub rog engineering.
Nrog rau kev tawm tsam Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib, txhua lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe txaus siab rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm Lavxias cov tub rog engineering, tsis muaj ib lub tebchaws tau npaj nws thaj chaw rau kev coj ua kev ua phem rau hauv txoj kev uas Russia tau npaj nws, qhov tseeb, tsis muaj kev qhia paub hauv lwm yam lub teb chaws tag nrho.
Hauv kev ua tsov rog no, cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm, cov haujlwm ruaj khov ua los ntawm cov nqaj txuas mus txuas ntxiv, sib txuas los ntawm kab lus sib txuas lus thiab muaj kev ntseeg tau npog nrog cov hlau thaiv, tau ua tiav, txhim kho thiab coj mus siv.
Ntau yam teeb meem, tshwj xeeb yog cov hlau, tau txais kev txhim kho zoo. Txawm hais tias lawv tau yooj yim rhuav tshem, txawm li cas los xij, cov teeb meem no tau siv dav hauv chav kawm ntawm kev ua phem nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm slingshots ntawm kauv hedgehogs, thiab lwm yam.
Thaum ua tiav cov haujlwm, ntau lub tsev tiv thaiv, dugouts, thiab cov tsev tiv thaiv kuj tau pib siv dav, txhawb kev ua vaj tsev, tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej thiab hlau txuas. Cov npog npog npog txawb rau rab phom loj thiab cov txheej txheem thaiv rau cov phom tshuab tau pom lawv daim ntawv thov.
Hauv kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib, cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev hloov pauv tau yooj yim ntawm cov koom haum tiv thaiv tau pib tshwm sim.
Lub koom haum tiv thaiv tshiab, uas tau tshwm sim thawj zaug nyob rau lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, kuj yuav tsum tau qhia txog kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv kev coj ua thiab npaj rau kev ua phem. Tam sim no, txhawm rau txhawm rau hla cov yeeb ncuab txoj haujlwm, kev npaj ua haujlwm zoo ntawm thawj lub choj pib tau pib. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom, cov xwm txheej tsim nyog tau tsim los rau kev zais cov tub rog thiab kev ywj pheej ntawm lawv cov kev ua si, muaj peev xwm ntawm kev sib ntaus ib txhij ntawm cov yeeb ncuab pem hauv ntej thiab ua ntej ntxiv ntawm pab tub rog mus rau qhov tob ntawm kev tiv thaiv tau ua kom ntseeg tau..
Xws li lub koom haum ntawm kev npaj ua haujlwm engineering rau kev tawm tsam tau ua haujlwm hnyav, tab sis nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig tau pab ua kom muaj kev vam meej ntawm kev ua yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv, xws li kev muaj npe nrov Brusilov.
Thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, cov tub rog engineering tau rov ua pov thawj lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev coj ua kom muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua zoo. Thiab cov txuj ci ntawm kev tsim tub rog tau txais lwm ceg - kev txhawb nqa engineering rau kev tawm tsam thiab kev ua haujlwm, uas tau pib thiab tau xub thov ua ntej lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Kawg.
Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Zaum Ob, uas tau pib sai sai tom qab, tau lees paub qhov tsim nyog thiab raug ntawm kev txhawb nqa engineering rau kev ua phem ntawm cov tub rog uas tau nce qib. Nrog kev pib ua tsov rog, lub sijhawm ua tub rog engineering kos duab ntawm lub sijhawm Soviet tau pib.
Soviet engineering pab tub rog tau tsim nrog lub koom haum Red Army. Xyoo 1919, cov kws tshwj xeeb hauv tsev tau tsim los.
Thaum lub sijhawm ua tsov rog hauv tebchaws, tus lej ntawm cov kws tshaj lij ntawm Red Army tau nce 26 npaug. Thaum lub sijhawm ua tsov rog no, cov tub rog engineering ntawm Red Army, txawm tias lub ntsej muag tsis txaus ntawm cov chaw ferry, ua tiav kev hla cov tub rog hla hla cov dej dav.
Ib qho teeb meem tsis txaus ntseeg rau Yudenich cov tub rog yog lub zog tiv thaiv pob txha uas tsim los ntawm cov tub rog liab ntawm cov tub rog liab nyob sab nrauv ntawm Petrograd.
Thaum lub sijhawm tawm tsam General Denikin cov tub rog nyob rau Moscow, cov tub rog engineering ntawm Red Army tau ua haujlwm ntau heev los ua kom lub nroog muaj kev tiv thaiv kab.
Tsis tas li, cov sappers liab tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ntes Crimea.
Xws li kev ua tiav ntawm kev siv tub rog engineering ntawm Red Army thaum Tsov Rog Tsov Rog tau dhau los ua qhov tseeb vim tias thaum tsim Pawg Tub Rog Liab, tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas rau kev qhia ntawm cov kws tsim txuj ci tsim nyog. Engineering Academy tsis tau nres nws txoj haujlwm kev kawm, thiab ntxiv rau, thaum kawg xyoo 1918, Bolsheviks, los ntawm ntau yam kev ntsuas, nrhiav ntau tus kws qhia ntawv thiab txawm tias yog cov tub ntxhais kawm qib siab, thiab xa lawv mus rau lawv qhov chaw, uas ua rau nws tsim tau. nyob rau xyoo 1918 tib yam li ob qhov kev kawm tiav ntawm cov tub rog kws ua haujlwm nrog kev kawm qib siab. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no xyoo 1918, cov chav kawm ntawm Nikolaev Engineering School tau rov pib dua (1st Petrograd Engineering Courses of the Red Army), tau qhib chav kawm engineering hauv Samara, Moscow, Kazan, Yekaterinoslav. Yog li, txij li thawj hnub ntawm nws muaj, Red Army tau muab kev qhia paub txog tub rog cov kws ua haujlwm.
Xyoo 1924, ua ke nrog kev hloov kho tub rog uas tau pib, cov qauv ntawm cov tub rog engineering ntawm Red Army tau pib tsim.
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov tub rog engineering tau qhia, 5% ntawm tag nrho cov tub rog (25705 tus neeg). Cov tub rog muaj: 39 lub tuam txhab sapper cais, 9 cais sapper ib nrab-pab tub rog, 5 pawg tub rog caij nkoj, 10 pab tub rog sib cais, 18 pab tub rog caij nkoj, 3 lub chaw tiv thaiv kuv lub chaw ua haujlwm, 5 lub tuam txhab fortress sapper, 5 thauj lub cav-pontoon detachments, 1 kev cob qhia pontoon- kuv faib, 1 qhov kev tshem tawm kuv, 2 cov tub rog siv hluav taws xob, 1 kev cob qhia hluav taws xob, 1 lub tuam txhab tshawb fawb cais, 2 lub tuam txhab sib ntaus sib tua camouflage, 1 lub tuam txhab camouflage, 17 lub tsheb sib cais, Petrograd lub tsheb thauj tub rog, 1 kev cob qhia cov tub rog, 39 lub tsheb loj, Kronstadt engineering thiab tuam txhab kev tsim vaj tsev ua haujlwm ntawm Petrograd thaj tsam muaj zog.
Nyob rau hauv peb caug, nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm kev tsim khoom hauv lub tebchaws, cov cuab yeej rov ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog engineering tau tshwm sim. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, cov tub rog kev tsim vaj tsev tau txais: lub tshuab kuaj xyuas kuv lub IZ, cov tshuab ua kom yooj yim choj, lub tsheb thauj neeg siv choj IT-28, cov cuab yeej tshawb nrhiav thiab kov yeej cov teeb meem hluav taws xob, riam thiab cov menyuam taug kev rau T-26, BT, T-28 tso tsheb hlau luam; roj hmab tshuab nkoj A-3, lub nkoj me me LMN, hnab ua luam dej rau nees MPK, teeb tsa TZI rau tso lub teeb ntab hla tus choj (rau kev hla kev mus rau tub ceev xwm), lub nkoj loj pontoon Н2П (ntab choj nrog nqa peev xwm ntawm 16 txog 60 tons), lub teeb pontoon fleet NLP (tus choj ntab uas muaj peev xwm nqa tau txog 14 tons.), (tus choj ntab rau cov tsheb ciav hlau ciav hlau), tshwj xeeb chaw nres tsheb pontoon tshwj xeeb SP-19, cov hlau txuas tau yooj yim ntawm kev txhawb nqa RMM-1, RMM-2, RMM-4, tugboats BMK-70, NKL-27, lub tshuab hluav taws xob sab nrauv SZ-10, SZ-20, hlau sib tsoo pawg tsav tsheb rau kev tsav tsheb hauv kev tsim choj.
Hauv thaj tsam ntawm kev tshawb fawb tub rog engineering thiab riam phom engineering, Red Army tau ua ntej tseem ceeb ntawm pab tub rog ntawm Wehrmacht thiab cov tub rog ntawm lwm lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb.
General Karbyshev
Ib tus kws tshaj lij txuj ci, General Karbyshev thaum lub xyoo no tau tsim txoj kev xav ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo thiab kev ua kom zoo ntawm kev siv phom tua neeg thiab tiv thaiv lub tank mines. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntau qhov txhais tau tias yog lub foob pob ntawm cov txheej txheem foob pob tawg (hluav taws xob tshuab tawg, lub tshuab foob pob tawg, lub fuse) tau tsim thiab tau txais los ua haujlwm. Kev tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm tshiab tau tsim (PMK-40, OZM-152, DP-1, PMD-6,) cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv lub tank (PTM-40, AKS, TM-35 TM-35), nrog rau tag nrho ntawm kev tiv thaiv tsheb, tiv thaiv tsheb ciav hlau thiab cov khoom me … Lub xov tooj cua-tswj cov khoom kuv tau tsim (lub foob pob tau siv lub teeb liab xov tooj cua). Xyoo 1941-42, nws tau nrog kev pab los ntawm cov pob zeb no uas cov tsev hauv Odessa thiab Kharkov, uas lub tsev hauv paus German nyob, tau cua tshuab los ntawm Moscow.
Kev kawm siab thiab khoom siv ntawm Red Army engineering pab tub rog tau ua tiav qhov kev ua phem ntawm Khalkhin Gol (1939). Hauv thaj chaw suab puam no, lawv tau muab cov tub rog nrog cov dej tsim nyog, tswj xyuas txoj kev loj ntawm txoj kev kom ua haujlwm tau zoo, teeb tsa kev zais ntawm cov tub rog (Nyijpooj kev tshawb nrhiav huab cua hauv Nyij Pooj yeej tsis muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas kev sib sau ntawm pab tub rog liab), thiab ua kom muaj kev hla kev hla cov dej thaum cov tub rog tawm tsam.
Cov haujlwm nyuaj tau daws los ntawm cov tub rog engineering thaum tsov rog Soviet-Finnish. Ntawm no lawv yuav tsum tau tawm tsam nrog txoj kab tiv thaiv uas tsim los ntawm Finns, suav nrog cov teeb meem ntuj tsim ntuj tsim (ntau lub pas dej, pob zeb pob zeb, toj roob hauv pes, hav zoov), siv kev txhawb ntxiv hauv daim ntawv hav zoov thaiv, pob zeb tawg thiab cov nyom hauv dej.
Nws nyuaj dua rau cov tub rog engineering hauv thawj lub sijhawm ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj.
Thaum pib ntawm Lub Rau Hli 1941, yuav luag txhua qhov kev tsim qauv engineering ntawm sab hnub poob tau qhia txog kev tsim kho kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus ciam teb tshiab hauv tebchaws Poland. Thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm kev ua phem, lawv tsis muaj riam phom (tsuas yog carbines) lossis tsheb, uas tso cai rau cov neeg German yooj yim txeeb tau lub tsev tiv thaiv uas tau tsim, cov khoom siv ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj, cov neeg ua haujlwm raug rhuav tshem ib nrab, raug ntes ib nrab.
Yog li ntawd, kev tsim kho qib siab ntawm Red Army nkag mus rau thawj kev sib ntaus nrog Nazis yam tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa engineering.
Nws yog qhov tsim nyog txhawm rau tsim cov chav sapper tshiab sai sai; rau qhov no, kev tsim vaj tsev thiab pontoon ntawm RVGK txawm tias raug rho tawm los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog caij nkoj tshiab tau tsim.
Ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob thiab Sab Qaum Teb, qhov xwm txheej nrog cov tub rog engineering hauv thawj hnub ntawm kev ua tsov rog tau zoo dua. Sappers ua tiav qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm pab tub rog, rhuav tshem cov choj, tsim thaj chaw tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm cov teeb meem thiab kev puas tsuaj, thiab teeb tsa minefields. Ntawm Kola Peninsula, ua tsaug rau qhov muaj peev xwm ua tau ntawm cov tub rog engineering, nws muaj peev xwm txwv tsis pub cov neeg German thiab Finns ua ntej. Chav nyob ntawm Cov Tub Rog Liab nrog cov phom me thiab cov tub rog me me, nrog rau yuav luag tsis muaj cov tso tsheb hlau luam, siv cov teeb meem ntuj thiab cov teeb meem uas tsis tawg, thiab cov teeb meem tawg tuaj yeem tsim kev tiv thaiv uas tsis tuaj yeem rhuav tshem. Yog li tsis muaj qhov tawg uas Hitler tso kev ua phem rau sab qaum teb.
Los ntawm qhov pib ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze Moscow, qhov xwm txheej nrog pab tub rog engineering tsis muaj kev poob siab ntxiv lawm, cov lej ntawm cov kws tsim vaj tsev raug coj mus rau 2-3 pab tub rog ib pab tub rog thaum pib sib ntaus sib tua, thaum kawg twb muaj 7- 8 battalions.
Nws muaj peev xwm tsim Vyazemskaya kab tiv thaiv nrog qhov tob ntawm 30-50 kilometers. Mozhaisk kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv 120 km. los ntawm Moscow. Cov kab tiv thaiv kuj tau tsim ncaj qha ntawm lub nroog ciam teb.
Nws tsis yog qhov hais ntau dhau los hais tias Leningrad ib puag ncig muaj txoj sia nyob thiab tsis tau lees paub qhov tseeb ua tsaug rau pab tub rog engineering. Lub nroog tsis tshuav yam tsis muaj khoom siv ua tsaug rau Txoj Kev Ua Neej, uas khiav raws cov dej khov ntawm Lake Ladoga, tso thiab txhawb nqa los ntawm cov tub rog engineering.
Ntawm txoj hauv kev mus rau Stalingrad, cov tub rog engineering tau txhim tsa 1,200 kilometers ntawm txoj kab tiv thaiv. Kev sib txuas lus tas li ntawm lub nroog nrog lub txhab nyiaj sab laug tau muab los ntawm cov koog pontoon ntawm cov tub rog engineering.
Cov tub rog engineering tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev npaj tiv thaiv ntawm Kursk Bulge.
Txij lub Plaub Hlis txog Lub Xya Hli, yim qhov chaw tiv thaiv tau teeb tsa, 250-300 kilometers tob. Qhov ntev ntawm qhov khawb av thiab kab lus sib txuas lus tau mus txog 8 kis lus mev ntawm ib mais ntawm sab xub ntiag. 250 tus choj txuas nrog tag nrho ntev ntawm 6.5 km tau tsim thiab kho. thiab 3000 km. txoj kev Tsuas yog nyob hauv cheeb tsam tiv thaiv ntawm Lub Hauv Paus Hauv Ntej (300 km.) 237 txhiab tiv thaiv lub tank mines, 162 txhiab tus neeg tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm mines, 146 yam khoom siv pob zeb tawg, 63 lub xov tooj cua tawg, 305 kilometers ntawm cov hlau thaiv ntoo tau teeb tsa. Kev siv cov mines hauv cov lus qhia ntawm kev tawm tsam tuaj yeem mus txog 1,600 feeb hauv ib kis lus mev ntawm pem hauv ntej.
Ntau txoj haujlwm tau ua tiav los npog cov khoom thiab txoj haujlwm.
Thiab txawm tias ua tsaug rau cov sappers, cov lus txib tuaj yeem tshawb pom lub sijhawm tseeb ntawm kev pib ntawm kev tawm tsam German thiab kev taw qhia ntawm kev tawm tsam. Cov neeg tsav nkoj tau tswj hwm lawv cov npoj yaig hauv German, uas tau koom nrog ua cov kab hauv peb cov minefields, uas tau muab lub sijhawm tseeb ntawm qhov pib ntawm kev tawm tsam.
Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm kuv lub foob pob tawg, kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv thiab rab phom loj tau tso cai rau Red Army thawj zaug hauv kev ua tsov rog los sawv ntawm kev tiv thaiv thiab pib tawm tsam.
Kev sib ntaus sib tua dhau los ntawm kev siv tub rog engineering tseem tso cai rau lawv ua haujlwm tau zoo hauv txhua qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua tom ntej thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua kom dim ntawm lawv lub tebchaws thiab European lub tebchaws.
Stalin, txhawm rau hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm pab tub rog engineering, xyoo 1943 tau tshaj tawm tsab cai lij choj qhia txog qib "Marshal ntawm Engineering Pab Pawg" thiab "Chief Marshal of the Engineering Troops" rau hauv pab tub rog.
Tom qab kev swb ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, kev ua tsov rog nrog Nyij Pooj tau pib, thiab ntawm no cov tub rog engineering kuj tau daws cov haujlwm uas tau muab rau lawv. Txog rau cov kws tshaj lij ntawm cov tub rog uas tau nce qib los ntawm Primorsky Territory, txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau teeb tsa txoj kev tsheb khiav hauv taiga, hla toj thiab hav dej, Ussuri, Sungach, Sungari, Daubikha dej thiab cov dej ntawm Northeast Suav Teb. Hauv Transbaikalia, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm pab tub rog engineering yog muab cov tub rog nrog dej, camouflage, xaiv txoj hauv kev rau kev txav mus los hauv cov suab puam steppe toj roob hauv pes thiab tso txoj kev txav mus los ntawm roob.
Cov tub rog engineering tseem ua tiav cov haujlwm tiav ntawm kev rhuav tshem lub zog tiv thaiv ntev ntawm cov neeg Nyij Pooj.
Tom qab kev ua tsov rog xaus, cov tub rog engineering, vim lawv tau nce thiab tsim nyog lees paub qhov tseem ceeb, tau raug txo qis piv rau lwm hom tub rog. Ib qho ntxiv, tom qab ua tsov rog, pab tub rog kws ua haujlwm tau ua haujlwm ntau heev los tshem thaj chaw, rov qab sib txuas lus, txuas hniav thiab txoj kev.
Nyob rau xyoo tom qab tsov rog, kev txhim kho txuj ci sai ntawm cov tub rog engineering tau pib.
Sapper units tau ua tub rog nrog kuv lub ntsuas VIM-625 thiab UMIV, cov txheej txheem txheej txheem rau kev tshem cov mos txwv nyob deb, lub foob pob IFT. … Xyoo 1948, MTU tank bridgelayer nkag rau kev pabcuam. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau hloov pauv los ntawm nees nkaum-meter MTU-20 thiab MT-55 bridgelayers thiab txheej txheej tshuab hnyav plaub caug-meter choj TMM (ntawm 4 lub tsheb KRAZ). Tshiab tiv thaiv kuv cov menyuam lub tank trawls PT-54, PT- 55, tom qab ntawd KMT-5 tau saws.
Cov chaw ferry - cov nkoj loj thiab ua kom tiav, lub tiaj ua si pontoon ntau dua ntawm CCI, thiab txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau pontoon park PPS - tau txais kev txhim kho tseem ceeb. Thaum ntxov 60s, cov tub rog tau txais PMP pontoon fleet.
Xws li cov cuab yeej siv thev naus laus zis nrawm ntawm cov tub rog engineering tau coj lawv mus rau qib tshiab uas tsim nyog, thaum lawv muaj peev xwm ua tiav cov haujlwm txhawb nqa kev tsim vaj tsev raws li kev txav mus los thiab lub zog ntawm lub zog sib ntaus sib tua tseem ceeb.
Nrog kev puas tsuaj ntawm USSR, pab tub rog pib tawg, thiab nrog nws, pab tub rog engineering. Cov keeb kwm ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias tshiab thiab, raws li, cov tub rog engineering pib nrog nws, tab sis qhov no twb yog lwm zaj dab neeg, niaj hnub no.
