Kev ua koob tsheej hla Czechoslovakia
Tom qab Lithuania, Poland rov qab los rau Czechoslovak lo lus nug. Adolf Hitler yuav luag tam sim tshaj tawm txoj haujlwm rau rov ua kom muaj kev sib koom siab ntawm haiv neeg German. Xyoo 1937, txawm hais tias muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm ib feem ntawm cov tub rog German, uas ntshai ua tsov rog nrog Fabkis thiab Askiv thiab yeej ib txwm yeej (Wehrmacht tseem muaj zog heev), Hitler thawb dhau qhov kev txiav txim siab zaum kawg los ntawm Czechoslovakia. Tam sim ntawd tom qab Anschluss ntawm Austria, kev ua haujlwm ntawm Sudeten Germans los ntawm Czechoslovakia, uas tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm txawv teb chaws, nce ntxiv. Ntawm lub rooj sib tham ntawm pawg pro-German Sudeten Party thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1938 hauv Karlovy Vary, tau thov kom koom ua ke ntau thaj tsam ciam teb ntawm Czechoslovakia nrog Lub Tebchaws Yelemees. Tsis tas li, Sudeten Germans tau thov kom Czechoslovakia tshem tawm qhov kev pom zoo ntawm kev sib pab nrog Fabkis thiab USSR.
Thaum xub thawj, cov Czechs tau npaj los tawm tsam. Cov tub rog Czechoslovak yog cov txiv ntoo tawv kom tawg. Thiab cov tub rog German tseem nyob hauv lawv cov menyuam yaus. Tsoomfwv Czechoslovak tau npaj los tiv thaiv nws tus kheej, vam khom lub zog tiv thaiv ciam teb muaj zog. Thiab tseem yuav txav chaw militarykoda cov tub rog ua haujlwm hauv tsev, kom pib tsim kev lag luam thiab khoom noj khoom haus, suav nrog kev qhia ua haujlwm puv sijhawm ntawm 8 lub chaw tsim khoom dav hlau.
Nov yog qhov teeb meem Sudeten tau tshwm sim. Nws qhov txiaj ntsig tau paub. Ua ntej, Askiv, Fab Kis thiab Ltalis txeeb Sudetenland pom zoo rau Lub Tebchaws Yelemees (Munich Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo ntawm Lub Cuaj Hli 30, 1938), thiab thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1939, Czechoslovakia tau raug tshem tawm. Lub tebchaws Yelemes tau qhia nws cov tub rog rau Bohemia thiab Moravia thiab tshaj tawm tias yog tus tiv thaiv lawv (tiv thaiv ntawm Bohemia thiab Moravia). Slovakia tseem muaj kev ywj pheej, tab sis qhov tseeb tau dhau los ua vassal ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees.
Qhov no yog qhov paub zoo. Hauv USSR, Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo Munich tau hu ncaj qha rau kev koom tes thiab tau qhia tawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntxeev siab ntawm Czechoslovakia los ntawm Western lub zog, uas yav dhau los tau lees tias nws muaj kev nyab xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv nyiam kom tsis txhob tsom mus rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm Poland hauv cov xwm txheej no, vim Poland yog ib tus phoojywg ntawm USSR, yog tus tswvcuab ntawm pawg koomhaum socialist thiab Warsaw Pact Organization.
Qhov tseeb yog tias Warsaw tau muaj kev thov thaj av, tsis yog rau USSR, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Lithuania thiab Danzig, tabsis tseem rau Czechoslovakia. Tus ncej los ntawm kev tsim heev ntawm Qhov thib ob Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth thov qhov thiaj li hu. Cieszyn Silesia. Tebchaws Poland txoj cai rau Czechoslovakia tau ua raws cov lus ntawm tus txiv tsim ntawm Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Pilsudski tias "kev dag thiab tsim dab tsi tsim Czechoslovak Republic tsis yog tsuas yog tsis yog lub hauv paus ntawm European equilibrium, tab sis, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nws yog qhov txuas tsis muaj zog."
Lwm qhov kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv Czechoslovak kev xav hauv tebchaws Poland tau tshwm sim xyoo 1934. Cov ntawv xov xwm Polish tau tshaj tawm txoj kev sib tw txog qhov xav tau rov qab los ntawm thaj av Polish qub. Thiab cov tub rog Polish tau ua kev ua tub rog loj nyob ze ciam teb ntawm Czechoslovakia, ua haujlwm tawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev tawg ntawm Czechoslovakia lossis nws qhov kev swb rau lub tebchaws Yelemes. Xyoo 1935, kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe tseem nyob rau theem Tsov Rog Txias. Warsaw thiab Prague sib pauv "kev lom zem", xa tus sawv cev "nyob rau hnub so." Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1938, Warsaw thiab Berlin tau sib tham txog yav tom ntej ntawm Czechoslovakia. Lub rooj sib tham ntawm Adolf Hitler thiab Polish Txawv Teb Chaws Minister Józef Beck cim pib ntawm kev koom tes zoo ntawm ob lub tebchaws ntawm Czechoslovak lo lus nug. Xyoo 1938, Warsaw, theej txoj cai ntawm Berlin, tsim nyob rau thaj tsam Cieszyn "Union of Poles", uas yog lub hom phiaj cais thaj tsam no los ntawm Czechoslovakia.
Thaum, tom qab Anschluss ntawm Austria, Hitler tau thov rau Prague "kom ntseeg tau cov cai ntawm Sudeten Germans," Warsaw txhawb nws, nthuav qhia qhov xav tau zoo txog Cieszyn Poles. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 12, 1938, USSR tshaj tawm nws txoj kev npaj los txhawb Czechoslovakia raws li qhov uas pab tub rog liab hla tebchaws Poland lossis Romania, Warsaw tshaj tawm tias lub xeev Polish yuav tshaj tawm tam sim ua tsov rog rau Soviet Union yog tias nws tau sim xa tub rog hla tebchaws Poland thaj chaw los pab Czechoslovakia.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Cov Tub Rog tau phem thiab lawv cov phooj ywg ib txwm muaj - Fab Kis. Jozef Beck tau hais meej meej tias thaum muaj teeb meem ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab Fabkis hla Czechoslovakia, Poland yuav nyob nruab nrab thiab yuav tsis ua raws li kev cog lus Franco-Polish, vim nws tsuas yog tiv thaiv lub tebchaws Yelemes, tsis yog tawm tsam nws. Fabkis tseem raug thuam rau qhov tsis txhawb Poland thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1938, thaum muaj lus nug txog yav tom ntej ntawm Lithuania. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Tebchaws Poland tsis lees paub los txhawb Czechoslovakia, uas tau ntsib kev hem thawj ntawm kev tawm tsam German ncaj qha.
Cov Ncej tau zoo dua rau cov neeg German. Warsaw tsis yog rov hais dua nws cov lus cog tseg tsis pub Red Army hla nws thaj chaw, thiab tsis tso cai rau Soviet Air Force hla dhau los muab kev pab rau Czechoslovakia, tab sis tau thov nws tus kheej txoj kev npaj rau kev faib cov koom pheej Czechoslovak: cheeb tsam Cieszyn yog mus rau Tebchaws Poland, Transcarpathia thiab Slovakia - Hungary, Czech koom pheej thiab txhua yam ntxiv - Lub Tebchaws Yelemees.
Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis xyoo 1938, qhov teeb meem Sudeten tau mus txog qhov kawg. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis ntxov, 300 txhiab tus neeg khaws cia tau raug hu los hauv Fab Kis, thiab hmo ntuj ntawm lub Cuaj Hlis 24, lwm 600 txhiab tus neeg, kev so nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm cov tub rog tau raug tshem tawm, Kab Maginot tau nruab nrog txhua txoj hauv kev. Rau Fab Kis kev sib faib tau tsiv mus rau ciam teb nrog lub teb chaws Yelemees, tom qab ntawd lawv cov lej tau nce mus rau 14. Txog thaum kawg lub Cuaj Hli, 1.5 lab tus tib neeg tau mobilized, thiab 35 kev sib cais, 13 pab tub rog caij tsheb thiab 29 lub tsheb tso tsheb ciav hlau tau xa mus rau ntawm ciam teb nrog Lub Tebchaws Yelemees. Hauv USSR, thaum nruab nrab lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1938, lawv tau npaj siab npaj muab kev pab rau Czechoslovakia. Qhov kev txiav txim siab txiav txim siab tsim rau pab pawg pab tub rog nyob hauv Belarusian thiab Kiev cov tub rog. Vitebsk, Bobruisk, Zhitomir, Vinnitsa, Odessa thiab pab tub rog cavalry tau tsim. Qhov kawg ntawm lub Cuaj Hli, USSR tau npaj xa cov pab pawg dav hlau ntau dua 500 lub dav hlau mus rau Czechoslovakia.
Tsoomfwv Soviet, raws li kev cog lus Soviet-Fab Kis-Czechoslovak, tau hais qhia nws qhov kev npaj yuav los pab Czechoslovakia, yog Prague nug txog nws, thiab txawm tias muaj xwm txheej yog tias Fabkis tseem nyob nruab nrab. Ib qho ntxiv, Moscow tau tshaj tawm tias thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov tub rog Polish mus rau Czechoslovakia, USSR yuav tsis lees paub qhov tsis muaj kev ua phem nws tau xaus nrog Poland xyoo 1932.
Lub caij no, Tebchaws Poland tab tom npaj rau kev tawm tsam Czechoslovakia hauv kev koom tes nrog Lub Tebchaws Yelemees. Thaum lub Cuaj Hli, Tesin Liberation Volunteer Corps tau tsim. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis xyoo 1938, kev ua haujlwm loj ntawm cov tub rog Polish tau tshwm sim hauv Volhynia, hauv qab daim npog uas cov tub rog Polish pib rub mus rau Tesin. Nyob ntawm ciam teb nrog Czechoslovakia, Warsaw tau xa ib pab pawg cais ua haujlwm "Shlonsk" suav nrog peb pab tub rog tawg rog thiab ob pab tub rog. Txog thaum Lub Kaum Hli, pab pawg Polish suav txog 36 txhiab tus tib neeg, 270 phom, ntau dua 100 lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab tsheb tiv thaiv, ntau dua 100 lub dav hlau.
Cov tub rog German thiab Polish pib ua phem rau ntawm ciam teb. Lawv tau tawm tsam Czechoslovak cov tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm, tub rog thiab tsoomfwv lub hom phiaj. Nrog rau cov lus teb los ntawm cov tub rog Czech, cov tub rog Polish thiab German tau tsim kev nkaum hauv lawv thaj chaw. Lub dav hlau Polish tsis tu ncua tau nkag mus rau Czechoslovak airspace. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab Poland tau tawm tsam kev nom kev tswv thiab kev tawm tsam rau Czechoslovakia.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Warsaw tau hais qhia nws qhov kev npaj los tawm tsam USSR nrog rau Tebchaws Yelemees. Tus kws tshaj lij Polish rau Fabkis tau hais rau nws tus npoj yaig Asmeskas tias: "Kev ua tsov rog kev ntseeg ntawm kev nyiam kev ntseeg thiab Bolshevism tab tom pib, thiab yog tias USSR muab kev pabcuam rau Czechoslovakia, Poland tau npaj rau kev ua tsov rog nrog USSR, xub pwg xub pwg nrog lub tebchaws Yelemes. Tsoomfwv Polish ntseeg siab tias tsis pub dhau peb lub hlis cov tub rog Lavxias yuav swb tag, thiab Russia yuav tsis sawv cev txawm tias zoo li lub xeev."
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias xyoo 1938 Cov Tub Rog Liab tau ua tiav qhov zoo tshaj ntawm cov tub rog German thiab Polish thiab tuaj yeem kov yeej cov tub rog ua ke ntawm Tebchaws Yelemees thiab Poland ib leeg. Txawm li cas los xij, tsoomfwv Soviet tsis tuaj yeem ua ib leeg, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntsib "kev ua tsov rog" los ntawm Western lub zog tawm tsam USSR. Moscow txoj kev ywj pheej tuaj yeem tshaj tawm kev ua phem. Ib qho ntxiv, nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1938, Cov Tub Rog Liab tau tawm tsam hnyav nrog cov tub rog Nyij Pooj nyob ntawm Lake Hassan thiab tab tom ze ntawm kev ua tsov rog loj nrog Nyij Pooj Tebchaws. Moscow nco txog kev hem thawj ntawm kev ua tsov rog loj nyob rau ob sab thiab sim zam qhov xwm txheej txaus ntshai no. Tsawg kawg qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm Fabkis thiab Askiv xav tau. Tab sis cov neeg tseem ceeb Askiv thiab Fab Kis yooj yim zwm rau Czechoslovakia. Paris pib khoov nws tus kheej txoj kab, tab sis tsis ntev ua rau lub zog ntawm London, uas thaum kawg coj mus rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm Fabkis.
Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 20-21, Tus Neeg Sawv Cev Askiv thiab Fab Kis hauv Czechoslovakia tshaj tawm rau tsoomfwv Czechoslovak tias yog Prague tsis lees txais Anglo-French cov lus thov, Paris yuav "tsis ua raws li kev cog lus" nrog Czechoslovakia. Ib qho ntxiv, Askiv thiab Fab Kis hinted tias yog cov Czechs koom nrog cov neeg Lavxias, tom qab ntawd "kev ua tsov rog yuav ua rau tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv Bolsheviks. Tom qab ntawd nws yuav nyuaj heev rau tsoomfwv Askiv thiab Fabkis kom nyob twj ywm ntawm ib sab. " Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Tebchaws Poland nthuav tawm Czechoslovakia nrog lub sijhawm kawg kom "rov qab" thaj av Cieszyn rau lawv. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 27, tsoomfwv Polish rov hais dua nws qhov kawg. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Prague capitulated. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 30, 1938, Chamberlain, Daladier, Mussolini thiab Hitler tau kos npe rau Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo Munich. Nyob rau tib hnub ntawd, Warsaw xa lwm lub sij hawm mus rau Prague thiab, ib txhij nrog cov tub rog German, qhia nws pab tub rog rau thaj tsam Cieszyn.
Cov tub rog Polish ntes Cieszyn Silesia xyoo 1938
Yog li, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab Poland, nrog kev pom zoo ntawm Ltalis, Fabkis thiab Askiv, tau pib muab faib ua Czechoslovakia. Raws li Churchill tau sau tseg, Tebchaws Poland "nrog kev siab hlob ntawm hyena tau koom nrog hauv plunder thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm Czechoslovak xeev." Teshin cheeb tsam yog thaj chaw me me, tab sis tau tsim kev lag luam. Qhov kawg ntawm xyoo 1938, cov chaw tsim khoom nyob hauv Cieszyn tsim ntau dua 40% ntawm cov npua hlau yaj hauv Poland thiab yuav luag 47% ntawm cov hlau. Nws yog ib tug tidbit. Hauv Warsaw, kev ntes thaj tsam Cieszyn tau pom tias yog kev yeej hauv tebchaws. Jozef Beck tau txais qhov kev txiav txim siab tshaj plaws ntawm Dawb Dav dawb hau. Cov xovxwm Polish hu rau "kev ua tiav" tshiab.
Hauv Warsaw, lawv tsis nkag siab tias lawv tus kheej tau kos npe rau lawv tus kheej daim ntawv foob tuag. Kev sib cais ntawm Czechoslovakia ua rau lub peev xwm ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees nce ntxiv thiab tso cai rau Hitler pib daws qhov teeb meem tom ntej - tus neeg Polish. Twb tau nyob rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1938, Hitler tau tso tseg Warsaw qhov kev thov hloov Moravian Ostrava thiab Witkovic mus rau Poland. Nws tsis tau npaj yuav qhia nrog Poland.
Hitler pib xav kom tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm Poland hla Danzig thiab txoj kev thauj mus los rau sab hnub tuaj Prussia. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm no Warsaw tau ua yuam kev tuag thib ob - nws balked, cia siab rau nws lub zog thiab kev pab ntawm Askiv thiab Fabkis. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus khav theeb Poles tsis kam pab txhais tes los ntawm USSR.
Thaum lub sijhawm kos npe rau Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo Munich. Los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis: Chamberlain, Daladier, Hitler, Mussolini thiab Ciano
Kev tuag ntawm Pawg Neeg Thib Ob
Warsaw tsis tawm tsam tawm tsam kev tshem tawm ntawm Czechoslovakia, txawm hais tias nws tau ua txhaum los ntawm qhov tseeb tias thaum Czechoslovak koom pheej tau muab faib, Cov Poles tau txais me ntsis. Txawm tias ua ntej raug ntes los ntawm Czech koom pheej, thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1939, kev sib tham ntawm Hitler thiab Beck tau ua nrog Berchtesgaden. Tus German Fuehrer ntawm lub rooj sib tham no tau teeb tsa qhov teeb meem ntawm kev koom nrog Danzig nrog Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, raws li lub siab nyiam ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm "lub nroog dawb", suav nrog kev nyiam kev lag luam ntawm Poland. Kev ua nom ua tswv Danzig tau dhau los ua neeg German, thiab kev lag luam - kom nyob hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm Poland. Hitler kuj tau hais txog qhov teeb meem ntawm txoj kev Polish. Fuehrer tau sau tseg tias Poland kev sib txuas nrog Baltic yog qhov tsim nyog. Txawm li cas los xij, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tseem xav tau kev sib txuas nrog East Prussia. Hitler tau thov rov xav txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm txoj kev Polish. Tus kws lis haujlwm hauv tebchaws Polish tsis tau muab Hitler teb meej rau cov lus thov no.
Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1939, Cov tub rog German nyob Memel. Tom qab ntawd London tshaj tawm tias nws tau npaj los txhawb Warsaw yog tias nws tau tawm tsam thiab tawm tsam. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis, Askiv Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Neville Chamberlain tshaj tawm tias tsis yog Askiv nkaus xwb, tabsis tseem Fabkis yuav tuaj pab Poland. Moscow tau muab kev pabcuam hauv kev tawm tsam tus neeg tawm tsam. Thaum Lub Xya Hli, tsoomfwv Soviet rov hais dua nws qhov kev thov kom xaus qhov kev cog lus ua tub rog. London thiab Paris tau pom zoo los pib kev sib tham ntawm cov ncauj lus no, tab sis lawv tau hais meej tsis maj. Lawv cov neeg sawv cev tuaj txog hauv Moscow tsuas yog Lub Yim Hli 11. Ib qho ntxiv, Askiv lub luag haujlwm tsis muaj txoj cai los ntawm nws tsoomfwv los kos npe rau cov lus pom zoo. Tag nrho, tus kws tshaj lij ntawm Askiv thiab Fabkis tau nkim sijhawm thiab xav hloov txhua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tawm tsam Yelemes mus rau USSR.
Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb, vim qhov kev sib tham hauv Moscow thaum kawg tuaj txog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, yog qhov tsis txaus siab ntawm Romania thiab Poland tso cai rau Red Army hla lawv thaj chaw. Soviet Union tsis muaj ciam teb ciam teb nrog lub tebchaws Yelemes thiab tuaj yeem muab kev pab rau Fabkis, Askiv, Poland thiab Romania tsuas yog tias Pawg Tub Rog liab dhau los hla tebchaws Poland thiab Romanian. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Moscow nruj txwv thaj tsam ntawm nws cov tub rog: thaj av Vilna (Vilensky txoj kev hauv tsev) thiab Galicia. Warsaw, zoo li Bucharest, tas li tsis kam lees txais kev pab los ntawm Moscow. Txawm li cas los xij, Askiv thiab Fab Kis tsis maj nrawm los ua txhua yam muaj zog rau Poland yog li thaum muaj kev ua tsov rog nrog lub tebchaws Yelemes, nws yuav cia cov tub rog Soviet hla mus.
Poland txoj kev tsis txaus siab nyob rau lub sijhawm txaus ntshai no kom cov tub rog Liab hla dhau yog vim ntau qhov laj thawj:
Ua ntej, nws yog kev ntxub ntawm USSR thiab Lavxias feem ntau. Warsaw tsis xav koom tes nrog cov neeg Lavxias ntxub, tsawg dua cia cov tub rog Soviet hla nws thaj chaw. Raws li Polish Marshal E. Rydz-Smigly tshaj tawm thaum Lub Yim Hli 19: "Tsis hais txog qhov yuav tshwm sim, tsis yog ib nti ntawm Polish ib puag ncig yuav raug tso cai los ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias." Tebchaws Poland tsis xav tau kev pabcuam Lavxias thiab txog thaum lub sijhawm kawg tau ua raws li kev tawm tsam Soviet thiab tiv thaiv Lavxias txoj cai, tseem cia siab rau kev swb ntawm Russia thiab nws kev sib cais hauv kev nyiam ntawm Rzecz Pospolita Thib Ob.
Qhov thib ob, cov thawj coj Polish tau ntshai tias cov neeg Lavxias sab hnub poob yuav yooj yim sawv ntawm qhov pom ntawm Soviet lub tank, uas yuav yuam kom Moscow rov xav txog nws tus xeeb ceem rau Poland thiab txeeb lub sijhawm rau txuas ntxiv Western Belarus thiab Galicia. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tau vim tias Cov Tub Ceev Xwm tau saib xyuas cov neeg Lavxias li "qhev" (qhev), thiab Lavxias teb sab thaj av raws li pawg neeg.
Peb, Cov tswv Polish ib zaug ntxiv hauv keeb kwm tau tso tseg los ntawm kev khav theeb thiab kev ntseeg tus kheej. Piv txwv li, Tus Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws Txawv Tebchaws Fab Kis Tebchaws Bonnet, hauv kev sib tham nrog tus kws tshaj lij Polish hauv Paris, Lukasiewicz, tau sau tseg tias kev hem thawj ntawm kev sib cav nrog lub tebchaws Yelemes ua rau USSR qhov kev pabcuam tsim nyog rau Poland. Txog qhov no, tus kws tshaj lij Polish tau tshaj tawm tias "tsis yog cov neeg German, tab sis Cov Tub Rog yuav tsoo mus rau qhov tob ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees hauv thawj hnub ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog!" Thaum Fab Kis txuas ntxiv hais rau lawv tus kheej, tus kws tshaj lij Polish Beck tau hais tias Poland tsis xav kom muaj kev cog lus ua tub rog nrog USSR.
Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias cov tswv yim uas "Cov tub rog Polish yuav coj Berlin hauv ib lub lis piam" tau muaj ntau heev hauv tebchaws Poland. Lub tswv yim ntawm kev yeej "taug kev ntawm Berlin" tau ua raws qhov pom kev luv thiab khav ntawm cov tub rog Polish-kev coj noj coj ua. Warsaw nco txog kev puas tsuaj thiab kev lag luam thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj zog ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tom qab swb hauv Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib. Tom qab ntawd cov tub rog Polish loj heev muaj zog dua li pab tub rog German. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, txhais tau tias yog teeb meem ntau xyoo, kev hloov pauv tau tshwm sim. Nyiaj txiag thiab kev lag luam, ua tsaug rau Anglo-Saxon peev, ntxiv dag zog. Lub Wehrmacht muaj zog tau tsim. Lub teb chaws Yelemees ua tiav Anschluss ntawm Austria, kev koom ua ke ntawm Sudetenland thiab kev tshem tawm ntawm Czechoslovakia, cov kev yeej no tau tshoov siab pab tub rog thiab cov pej xeem. Tebchaws Poland, xyoo 1930, tsis tau tswj kom ua tiav qhov pom tau zoo hauv kev sib sau ua ke cov neeg, txhim kho kev lag luam thiab txhim kho kev ua tub rog. Yuav luag txhua txoj kev npaj rau kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm cov tub rog Polish tseem nyob hauv daim ntawv.
Yog li ntawd, Wehrmacht qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm Poland yuav dhau los ua qhov kev tshwm sim txaus ntshai rau Polish kev ua tub rog-kev coj noj coj ua, cov pej xeem thiab cov tib neeg, qhia txhua yam kev lwj siab thiab tsis muaj zog ntawm Thib Ob Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem hloov qee yam kom zoo dua.
Plaub, hauv Warsaw lawv ntseeg tias "Sab Hnub Poob yuav tsis tso lawv tseg." Qhov tseeb, yog tias pab tub rog Fab Kis muaj zog, uas xyoo 1939 tau ua tiav qhov zoo tshaj ntawm Wehrmacht (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau Sab Hnub Poob), raug ntaus, thiab Anglo-French Air Force tau pib ua kom muaj zog tawm tsam lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev nom tswv thiab kev lag luam ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemes, yuav ua rau tub rog nom tswv kev puas tsuaj ntawm Peb Reich. Cov tub ceev xwm German paub txog nws, uas tau sim txwv Hitler, ceeb toom txog qhov ua tsis tau ntawm kev ua tsov rog ntawm ob sab. Txawm li cas los xij, Hitler paub tseeb tias Fabkis thiab Askiv yuav txwv lawv tus kheej rau kev hais lus phem, yuav tsis muaj kev ua tsov rog tiag tiag rau Sab Hnub Poob. Thiab yog li nws tshwm sim. Thaum Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tsoo Poland rau Sab Hnub Poob, muaj "kev ua rog txawv txawv" - Cov tub rog Askiv thiab Fabkis tau haus cawv, ua si ntau yam kislas, thiab Allied Air Force "foob pob" Lub tebchaws Yelemes nrog cov ntawv me me. Poland tau yooj yim nchuav, zoo li Czechoslovakia, txawm hais tias lawv rattled lawv cov riam phom. Cov thawj coj sab hnub poob ntseeg tias tom qab kev kov yeej Poland, Wehrmacht, tej zaum tom qab ncua sijhawm luv, yuav tawm tsam USSR. Txawm li cas los xij, Hitler tsis rov ua qhov yuam kev ntawm Qhov Tseeb Thib Ob Reich, thaum xub thawj nws xav rhuav tshem cov tub rog Fab Kis uas muaj zog uas raug dai saum lub tebchaws Yelemes Sab Hnub Poob. Yog li, cov thawj coj hauv tebchaws Polish suav tsis raug, ntseeg tias Fabkis thiab Askiv yuav los pab lawv. Poland tau yooj yim txi.
Cov thawj coj Polish muaj ob txoj hauv kev los cawm lub tebchaws. Ua ntej, nws muaj peev xwm nkag tau rau hauv kev koom tes nrog USSR. Kev sib koom ua ke Soviet-Polish, nrog kev hem thawj ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees los ntawm sab hnub poob ntawm Fabkis cov tub rog ntxiv rau cov tub rog Askiv ntoj ke mus kawm thiab cov nkoj, yuav tau nres qhov pib ntawm kev ua tsov rog loj hauv Europe. Hitler yog tus txiv neej ntse, nws paub suav. Nws yuav tsis mus ua rog nrog kev sib koom ua ke. Txawm li cas los xij, Warsaw tsis lees paub USSR qhov kev pab. Pom tus cwj pwm ntawm Poland, nrog rau tus cwj pwm tsis zoo ntawm Askiv thiab Fab Kis rau kev muaj peev xwm ua tub rog sib koom tes, Moscow tau xaiv txoj hauv kev zoo nkaus xwb - nws xaus qhov kev cog lus tsis ua phem nrog lub tebchaws Yelemes.
Qhov thib ob, P. Poland tuaj yeem pom zoo nrog Lub Tebchaws Yelemees txog teeb meem Danzig thiab txoj kev hauv East Prussia. Vim li ntawd, Tebchaws Poland tuaj yeem koom nrog Anti-Comintern Pact, dhau los ua phooj ywg ntawm Hitler hauv kev ua tsov rog yav tom ntej nrog USSR. Warsaw nws tus kheej tau npau suav ntev ntawm kev sib koom ua ke "kev tawm tsam" tawm tsam Moscow. Qhov xwm txheej no tau raug rhuav tshem los ntawm kev khav theeb thiab kev ruam ntawm cov thawj coj Polish. Warsaw tsis xav sib tham nrog Berlin, Cov Tub Rog tau ntseeg lawv lub zog, txhawb nqa Askiv thiab Fabkis, lawv tsis ntseeg tias Lub Tebchaws Yelemees yuav pib ua tsov rog.
Yog li ntawd, twb nyob rau hmo ua ntej ntawm kev ntxeem tau ntawm Wehrmacht hauv Tebchaws Poland, Warsaw pib ua rau siab rau Danzig. Txhua yam pib nrog kev txaj muag nrog cov neeg lis haujlwm hauv tebchaws Polish uas nyiam ua phem, mus dhau lawv txoj haujlwm. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 4, 1939, Tus sawv cev Polish tus sawv cev hauv Danzig tau muab lub sijhawm kawg rau Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Senate ntawm Lub Nroog Dawb. Tebchaws Poland tau cog lus tias yuav txiav tawm kev tshem tag nrho cov khoom lag luam khoom noj mus rau hauv nroog yog tias Danzig tsoomfwv tsis pom zoo kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam ntxiv txog kev lis haujlwm ntawm Polish kev lis kev cai. Lub nroog tau vam khom rau cov khoom noj sab nrauv, yog li qhov no yog kev hem thawj loj. Hitler nyob rau lub sijhawm no tseem tsis tau npaj rau kev ua tsov ua rog, yog li nws muab Danzig lees txais qhov kawg.
Ib qho ntxiv, kev nyuaj siab rau cov neeg German pib hauv tebchaws Poland nws tus kheej. Hauv Upper Silesia, tau raug ntes ntau ntawm cov neeg German. Ntau txhiab leej ntawm cov uas raug ntes raug ntiab tawm hauv tebchaws. Pawg neeg German sim khiav mus rau tebchaws Yelemes. Cov lag luam German, tuam txhab lag luam, koom tes thiab ntau lub koom haum raug kaw. Cov zej zog German hauv tebchaws Poland tau raug kev ntshai. Qhov tseeb, Poland ua rau lub teb chaws Yelemees cuam tshuam. Lub Cuaj Hli 1, 1939 tuaj txog hnub txiav txim rau Tebchaws Thib Ob Tebchaws Poland-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Yog li, kev ua tub rog-kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Poland nws tus kheej tau faus lub tebchaws. Warsaw xub txhawb nqa qhov muab faib ntawm Czechoslovakia, qhib txoj hauv kev rau Berlin los daws cov lus nug Polish. Tsuav muaj kev sib koom siab thiab muaj zog Czechoslovakia, Hitler tsis tuaj yeem tawm tsam rau sab hnub tuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, Warsaw tau pab yob tawm cov txiv ntoo Czechoslovak tawv.
Tom qab ntawd Warsaw faus ob qhov xwm txheej uas yuav cawm tau lub tebchaws. Cov tswv Polish tsis kam lees txais kev pab ntawm USSR, vam tias Lub Tebchaws Yelemees yuav tawm tsam USSR los ntawm Baltic xeev lossis Romania. Thaum muaj kev tawm tsam los ntawm cov neeg German nyob rau teb chaws Poland, cov tub rog tau cia siab rau lawv cov tub rog (mus txog "taug kev ntawm Berlin") thiab "pab los ntawm Sab Hnub Poob." Raws li keeb kwm tau qhia, txhua qhov kev cia siab no yog xab npum. Warsaw kuj tau faus qhov xwm txheej thib ob ntawm kev tiv thaiv lub tebchaws: sai li sai tau cov thawj coj Polish rov qab los rau qhov tseeb yam tsawg me ntsis, dhau los ua tus khub hluas ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, USSR yuav tsum tau tuav rov qab ua phem ntawm German-Polish pab tub rog (tsis yog. suav lwm lub hnub qub German). Ib lab tus neeg muaj zog Polish cov tub rog tuaj yeem ua rau hnyav dua txoj haujlwm ntawm USSR thaum pib ua tsov rog. Txawm li cas los xij, lub hom phiaj thiab pom luv tus tswv Polish tau faus qhov xwm txheej no.
Cov tub rog Wehrmacht tsoo qhov thaiv ntawm tus ciam chaw kuaj xyuas hauv Sopot
