Lub Plaub Hlis 28 yog hnub tseem ceeb 125 xyoos ntawm kev saws me nyuam los ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias ntawm "peb -kab phom loj ntawm 1891 tus qauv" - cov ntawv xov xwm phom loj ntawm 7.62 mm caliber tsim los ntawm Sergei Mosin.
Cov riam me me no tau siv dav thaum Russo-Japanese, Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, Pej Xeem thiab Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, rau ntau tshaj li ib nrab xyoo nws tau ua haujlwm nrog Tebchaws Russia thiab Tebchaws USSR. Cov phom ntev ntawm cov phom no tseem siv niaj hnub no, suav nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv tebchaws Syria.
Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim "peb kab"
Txais los ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias hauv xyoo 1867-1870. phom loj ntawm Hiram Berdan system ("Berdanks") ntawm ob hom tau txhaj ib zaug - tom qab txhaj tshuaj, riam phom yuav tsum tau rov ua haujlwm dua.
Xyoo 1882, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Loj ntawm Kev Ua Tsov Rog Tsov Rog ntawm Lavxias Lub Tebchaws tau teeb tsa txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tsim phom "rov ua dua" (suav ntau). Txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev sib tw sib xws, "Commission rau kuaj cov phom phom magazine" tau tsim, uas tau txiav txim siab ob qho tib si hauv paus txheej txheem tshiab thiab sim hloov kho phau ntawv xov xwm rau ntau daim cartridges rau Berdan system.
Ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm no hauv xyoo 1883 tau thov los ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub cuab yeej rhiav ntawm Tula caj npab Hoobkas, tus thawj coj Sergei Mosin, tab sis lub luag haujlwm thaum kawg lees paub qhov kev sim txhawm rau txhim kho "Berdanka" tsis muaj txiaj ntsig.
Xyoo 1883-1889. ntau lub tshuab phom tau txiav txim siab. Xyoo 1889 Sergei Mosin tau thov lub phom tshiab 7.62 mm rau kev sib tw (hauv qhov kev ntsuas qub ntawm qhov ntev - peb kab lus Lavxias, yog li lub npe "peb kab").
Hauv tib lub xyoo, cov haujlwm tau txais kev sib tw los ntawm Belgian Leon Nagant - rab phom 8 hli. Cov koom haum ntawm kev sib tw tau tsim txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm, tawm tswv yim rau Mosin thiab Nagan txhawm rau hloov kho lawv cov txheej txheem kom tau raws li qhov xav tau tsim.
Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ntsuas sib piv ntawm cov qauv uas tau txais hauv xyoo 1891, pawg haujlwm tau xaiv Mosin "peb kab", txiav txim siab, txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau hloov pauv thiab ntxiv cov qauv tsim - suav nrog cov ntsiab lus qiv los ntawm Leon Nagant, uas muag cov khoom lag luam Lavxias sab sab, kos duab thiab qauv rau nws rab phom sib tw.
Ib qho ntxiv, kev hloov pauv tau raug tsim los ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm pawg haujlwm-Colonel Petrov thiab Tus Thawj Coj Tus Thawj Coj Savosyanov, ntxiv rau Colonel Rogovtsev, uas tau tsim "peb kab" blunt-point cartridge nrog cov hmoov tsis haus luam yeeb.
Txais kev pab
Echelon nrog Red Army mus rau pem hauv ntej, 1918
© Photo chronicle TASS
Thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 28 (Plaub Hlis 16, yam qub), 1891, los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Emperor Alexander III, cov tub rog Lavxias tau siv "rab phom peb kab ntawm 1891 tus qauv." Txij li pab pawg tshwj xeeb tau ua lub luag haujlwm rau kev txhim kho, nws tau txiav txim siab tsis raug los kho tsuas yog ib lub npe hauv lub npe phom.
Sergei Mosin tau txais qhov Kev Txiav Txim ntawm St. Anne II degree thiab Qhov Zoo Tshaj Plaws Mikhailovsky "rau kev txhim kho zoo hauv kev siv phom loj thiab phom ntev", nws khaws cov cai rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim riam phom.
Tsuas yog tom qab kev hloov kho xyoo 1930 nws yuav dhau los ua lub npe "Mosin peb-kab phom loj ntawm 1891/1930 tus qauv." Hauv cov peev txheej sab hnub poob, kev hloov pauv ntawm lub npe "Mosin-Nagant phom ntev" kuj tseem nthuav dav.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm "peb kab" piv txwv ntawm 1891:
-length: 1 txhiab 306 hli (nrog bayonet - 1 txhiab 738 mm, chim - 800 mm)
- qhov hnyav yam tsis muaj xov tooj cua: 4 kg
-Magazine muaj peev xwm: 5 puag ncig
- mos txwv ceev: 640 m / sec. (blunt-taw qhia, hnyav), mus txog 880 m / sec.(lub ntsws taw)
- lub zog mos txwv: txog 3 txhiab 800 joules
- kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm hluav taws: 10 ncig ib feeb
aiming ntau: 1 txhiab 920 m
Phom phom zoo:
- yooj yim ntawm kev saib xyuas thiab siv
-High zog
-kev txiav txim siab thiab ntseeg tau (hauv kev sib piv nrog lwm cov caj npab me ntawm cov xyoo ntawd)
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm rab phom:
-loj qhov ntev
-lower loading shutter handle
-fuse tsis yooj yim
Tso tawm thiab siv kev sib ntaus
Kev tsim cov "peb kab" tau pib xyoo 1892-1893. ntawm Tula, Izhevsk thiab Sestroretsk caj npab factories. Thaum xub thawj, cov tub rog tub rog thiab tub rog (nrog rau lub thoob luv) tau tsim tawm, xyoo 1907 tau muab cov carbine luv-barreled.
Raws li ntau qhov chaw, thawj thawj zaug tub rog Lavxias siv "peb kab" hauv kev sib ntaus:
-Tub 1893, thaum kev ntoj ntoj ntoj kev sib tsoo nrog cov neeg Afghans hauv Pamirs
-tub 1898, thaum tawm tsam kev tawm tsam los ntawm Islamists ntawm cov tub rog nyob hauv Andijan
-in 1900 thaum lub sij hawm kev tua ntawm Boxer Uprising hauv Suav teb
Txog thaum lub tebchaws Lavxias nkag mus rau Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, cov tub rog Lavxias tau ua tub rog nrog 4 lab 519 txhiab 700 "peb kab", thiab ib feem ntawm lawv tau tsim hauv Tebchaws Meskas.
Tom qab tsov rog, kev tsim khoom txuas ntxiv mus hauv USSR, Finland, Poland, thiab lwm yam. Hauv Belarus, "peb kab" tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev pabcuam tsuas yog xyoo 2005. Mosin carbines tuaj yeem siv hauv FSUE "Okhrana" system ntawm Ministry of Internal Affairs ntawm Russia.
Kev hloov kho
Cov Khaub Ncaws Nyiaj Khaub Ncaws Roman Sheparev qhia txog "peb kab"
Yees duab © Yuri Mashkov / TASS
Hauv kev hloov kho tshiab, rab phom tau txais lub ncoo ntoo los tiv thaiv tus neeg tua phom.
Xyoo 1910, tus qauv "peb-tus kav" tau tsim los rau hauv daim cartridge nrog lub mos txwv taw qhia (lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov hluav taws kub tau nce mus rau 2 txhiab 276 m).
Xyoo 1930, cov cuab yeej pom kev thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm txoj hlua nrawm tau hloov pauv, tau siv daim clip tshiab.
Ib tus neeg tua phom nrog kho qhov muag pom (1932), hloov kho carbine (1938).
Qauv phom 1891/1930 tau tsim kom txog thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1944 (raws li lwm qhov chaw - txog thaum pib xyoo 1945), carbine ntawm 1944 tus qauv - kom txog thaum saws los ntawm Kalashnikov phom ntev hauv USSR xyoo 1949.
Xyoo 1959, Izhevsk cog tau tsim ib pawg carbines rau kev xav tau ntawm kev nyab xeeb ntiag tug, thiab hauv USSR, kev tsim kho ntau yam kev hloov kho phom thiab kev ua si phom phom tau pib, qee qhov tseem tab tom tsim nyob hauv Lavxias.
Ib qho ntxiv, hauv tebchaws Russia, hauv tebchaws Ukraine thiab hauv qee lub tebchaws, cov qauv phom ntev tau tsim - nrog lub qhov muag pom, bipod, nyem nyem thiab poob siab.
