Tsis ntev los no, txhua txhua hnub, koj tau hla cov lus ntawm hypersound: Lub taub hau ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws maneuver, ya ntawm hypersound thiab ntawm intercontinental ntau … Thiab ntxiv rau thiab ntxiv mus.
Ib daim duab zoo heev tam sim tam sim ua ntej lub qhov muag ntawm ib tus txiv neej nyob hauv txoj kev - lub dav hlau nrawm dua thiab tsoo nrog lawv cov cuaj luaj, dua ntawm lub suab nrawm dua, lub hom phiaj sib txuas nruab nrab … Ob lub dav hlau lawv tus kheej thiab lawv cov phiaj xwm scramjet tsis pom thiab tsis cuam tshuam.
Puas yog? Cia saib
Kab lus tuaj hla dua "Hypersonic, ncaj-ntws, yoov" hauv "Technology - Youth" los ntawm 1991.
Kab lus hais tias: "Lub tshuab scramjet, lossis, raws li lawv tau hais," hypersonic direct-flow ", yuav tso cai ya los ntawm Moscow mus rau New York hauv 2-3 teev, tawm lub tshuab tis los ntawm huab cua mus rau qhov chaw. Lub dav hlau ya dav hlau yuav tsis xav tau lub dav hlau txhawb nqa, zoo li rau Zenger, lossis lub tsheb tso tawm, zoo li lub tsheb thauj mus los thiab Buran, - xa cov khoom thauj mus rau qhov chaw yuav raug nqi yuav luag kaum npaug. " Kab lus tau sau los ntawm Yuri SHIKHMAN thiab Vyacheslav SEMENOV, kws tshawb fawb ntawm CIAM.
Tau kawg, Kuv tau paub zoo nrog lawv ob leeg, vim kuv tau koom nrog lawv hauv ntau txoj haujlwm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv. Nrog rau ntawm qhov kev kawm ntawm scramjet. Txawm hais tias kuv ib feem ntawm txoj haujlwm tsis yog ntawm lub hauv paus tseem ceeb thiab tseem ceeb, nws tseem yog qhov tsim nyog thiab tseem ceeb. Kuv tau koom nrog txoj haujlwm no xyoo 84, raws li tus kws tshaj lij thiab cov kws tshawb fawb hluas. Lub sijhawm ntawd, Ruvim Isaevich Kurziner tseem yog tus thawj coj ntawm txhua txoj haujlwm ntawm "Txias" ntsiab lus ntawm CIAM.
Kev paub txog lub tshuab scramjet ntawm qhov "Khaub thuas", lossis cov khoom 057, ua ib feem ntawm lub chaw kuaj ya suab (HLL), yog qhov kev tshawb fawb, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb uas tau qhia txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov roj-huab cua sib xyaw ntawm lub suab nrawm dua ntawm kev tawm ntawm cov kua ua haujlwm hauv chav sib txuas hluav taws xob. Nws tsis muaj peev xwm sim ua txhua hom kev sib tua hauv av, yog li nws tau txiav txim siab los tshuaj xyuas qhov teeb meem no hauv cov xwm txheej tiag tiag.
Ib lub dav hlau tiv thaiv dav hlau 5-28 ntawm С-200В (SA-5) txoj haujlwm tau siv los ua tus nqa khoom, ua kom nrawm dua thiab sim ua lub davhlau rau kev kawm. Hloov chaw ntawm lub taub hau ib feem uas GLL tau txuas nrog lub cav scramjet nrog lub tank roj thiab tswj thiab kho lub tshuab.
Thawj lub davhlau ntawm GLL nrog lub dav hlau tau ua thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 28, 1991. Hauv thawj qhov kev sim ya dav hlau ntawm lub cav scramjet, tus lej siab tshaj plaws ntawm M yog 5, 8, lub cav ua haujlwm rau tag nrho ntawm 28 s, thaum lub davhlau nws tau qhib ob zaug. Yog li, thawj zaug hauv ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv kev sim ya davhlau, kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub tshuab ramjet nrawm dua (magazine "Engine" No. 6 ntawm 2006).
Thaum xyoo 1991-98, muaj txog 8 qhov kev tsim tawm (suav nrog pov tseg). Ntxiv rau cov kws tshwj xeeb Lavxias, Fab Kis tau koom nrog txoj kev tshawb fawb txog kev sim tshuab scramjet - xyoo 1992 thiab 1995 raws li kev cog lus nrog Fab Kis Lub Chaw Tshawb Fawb Hauv Tebchaws (ONERA), thiab xyoo 1997 thiab 1998 - cov neeg Asmeskas, raws li kev cog lus nrog Asmeskas National Space Agency (NASA).
Yog li, ntau tshaj 20 xyoo tau dhau mus. Peb muaj dab tsi?
Puas muaj lub dav hlau nrawm dua, uas yog, ya ntawm qhov nrawm (M> 5)? Muaj
Ua ntej, muaj Buran orbiters orbiters thiab lub shuttle.
Rov qab los ntawm orbit "Buran", piv txwv li, npaj sijhawm kwv yees li ib nrab teev hauv qhov nrawm ntawm 8000 km ntawm qhov siab ntawm 100 km thiab nce mus txog 20.
Tactical thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm OK "Buran" hauv qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob ntawm qhov nrawm dua:
• Tshaj tawm qhov hnyav - 105 tons
• Qhov nrug mus rau daim tsaws tsaws tsag - 8270 km
• Ceev ntawm txoj kev nqes mus - 7, 592 … 0, 520 km / s (27.330-1.872 km / h) kwv yees. 27-1, 8 Max
• Ntau yam ntawm qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob qhov siab - 100 … 20 km
Cia peb ua "kev sim xav". Puas yog nws tuaj yeem tig tag nrho qhov kev tsaws ntawm "hypersonic orbital spacecraft" "Buran" rov qab?
Ua tau!
Tsuas yog rau qhov no peb xav tau lub foob pob hluav taws thauj khoom "Energia".
"Thiab yog tias nyob ntawm GPRD?" - tus nyeem ntawv yuav nug. Tau. Tab sis rau qhov no nws yuav tsim nyog ua ntej "thawb" tag nrho cov kab ke nrog qee yam zoo ib yam li PRD txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias GPJE nce mus txog hom. accelerating "hmoov". Thiab tom qab ntawd coj nws mus rau qhov chaw ncig, "pub mis" lub cav nrog khaws cov pa oxygen lossis ntawm lub cav foob pob zeb huv. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, "txuag nyiaj" ntawm cov tshuaj oxidizer, thaum siv cov pa oxygen ntawm lub tshuab scramjet, yuav zoo, qee yam kwv yees li 20%. Tab sis tom qab ntawd muaj ntau yam nyuaj uas Vajtswv txwv!
Puas yog cov kws tsim txuj ci xeeb xeeb txog yam "kev siv nyiaj txiag" uas siv cua sab nraud? Yog, ntau npaum li qhov tsim nyog! Tib yam "Zenger" thiab "Hotol".
Thiab … cia peb muab nws coj los ua qauv - ntxov ua ntej ntawm lub ntiaj teb tam sim no nto moo Topol ICBM. Yog, tseeb! Tag nrho cov kab ke no hu ua "Gnome"
"Gnome" yog lub dav hlau sib tsoo peb-theem nruab nrog lub ramjet thawj-theem cov tshuab ua kom muaj zog, lub cav thib ob thiab thib peb yog cov tshuab ua kom muaj zog thiab lub nrawm. Kev tsim qauv tau ua tiav los ntawm qhov pib ntawm 60s ntawm Mechanical Engineering Design Bureau (Kolomna) nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm Boris Shavyrin.
Ntau qhov kev tua ntau, km 11000
Tua tawm qhov hnyav, t 29
Thauj khoom hnyav, kg 470
Ntev ntev, m 16, 14
Cov naj npawb ntawm cov kauj ruam 3
Tom qab ntawd, tus tsim qauv ntawm MIT A. D. Nadiradze, vam khom nws qhov kev paub tsim lub xov tooj txawb OTR "Temp", tau thov ICBM txoj haujlwm ntawm cov pa roj-cav. Nws tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm kev coj ua ntawm Ministry of Defense Industry, thiab vim li ntawd peb tau txais 45-tuj mobile av intercontinental "Temp-2S". Ntxiv mus, nws hloov kho tshiab thiab txhim kho - "Pioneers" (RSD) thiab "Topol" (MBR) … Ntau tus pom qhov no yog nws qhov tsis txaus ntseeg (45 tons tsis txhob cog lus 29). Txawm li cas los xij, tib yam tuaj yeem tshwm sim nrog "Gnome". Kev suav suav yog ib yam - kev ua tau zoo yog lwm qhov!
Supersonic intercontinental cruise missile "Tempest" ("khoom 351"), uas ze tshaj rau qhov xav tau ntawm lub dav hlau nrog lub cav scramjet.
Ntev, m - 20, 396
Wingspan, m - 7, 746
Qhov siab, m- 6, 642
Thaj tsam thaj tsam, m2 - 44.6
Tua tawm qhov hnyav, kg - 98.280
Qhov hnyav ntawm thawj theem txhawb nqa, kg - 33.522
Lub taub hau hnyav, kg - 3403
Kev caij nkoj ceev, km / h - 3300
Dav hlau qhov siab, km - 18 - 25, 5
Ntau yam, km - 7830
Raws li txoj kev xav, qhov txheej txheem no, siv cov khoom siv niaj hnub no, cov roj av, cov tshuab ua kom muaj zog "nrawm", tuaj yeem ua kom nrawm dua, tej zaum mus txog rau Mach 5. Tab sis qhov no yog lo lus nug: nws puas yuav muaj qhov zoo tshaj qhov qub ICBMs uas twb muaj lawm?
Lub sijhawm kom mus txog lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws yuav yog kwv yees li 1.5 teev (ICBM - 30 feeb).
Yuav muaj qee qhov txiaj ntsig - piv txwv li, nrhiav kom tau lag.
ICBMs raug kuaj pom sai heev, ua ntej, lub teeb thawj zaug, thiab qhov thib ob, qhov siab nce mus txog qhov siab ntawm txoj kev sib tw ballistic (mus txog 1600 km).
Txawm hais tias peb lub xeem "Topol-M" thiab "Yarsy" thiab lwm tus ntawm tib tsev neeg, lawv hais tias, tuaj yeem ya mus rau lwm qhov, piv txwv li, quasi-styled ncig cov kev (100-200 km), yog vim li cas lawv thiaj li muaj hwj chim-rau-qhov hnyav piv thiab qhov hnyav sib txawv ntawm qhov yuag yuag "Minutemans" ua kom zoo rau txoj kev sib tw ballistic.
Hauv qhov no, Kuv nco qab txog kev mob siab rau ntawm NASA (lossis Pentagon) foob pob hluav taws engineer - "de, Cov neeg Lavxias tsis paub yuav ua foob pob hluav taws li cas, lawv txawm muaj cov niaj hnub uas hnyav dua thiab loj dua peb li, tsim nyob rau xyoo 70s. " Cov lus hais tawm, txawm li cas los xij, tuag sai sai. Thaj, cov phooj ywg tsim nyog tau piav qhia rau nws tias qhov teeb meem yog dab tsi …
Yog li, lo lus nug tseem ceeb nrog lub dav hlau ya dav hlau hypersonic yog - lawv puas xav tau, lossis peb puas yuav zam rau tam sim no?
Raws li peb tau pom, foob pob hluav taws thiab lub nkoj ncig tau ntev tau ua tiav, txawm hais tias tsis nyob ntawm lub cav scramjet.
Thiab hais txog lub dav hlau …
Rau ntau tshaj 20 xyoo, cov tub rog tau khaws M <3.5 (SR-71, Sotka, MiG-31). Kev nce ntxiv hauv qhov nrawm tsis txhais tau tias muaj qhov zoo ntxiv, txhua yam zoo li, tiv thaiv lub dav hlau foob pob hluav taws ntawm cov tshuab siv roj-zog yuav tau nws yog tias lawv cuam tshuam ICBM lub taub hau thiab lub hnub qub nyob ntawm qhov chaw thib 1.
Hais txog pej xeem cov ntaub ntawv …
Nws zoo li rau kuv tias cov dav hlau ya nrawm tau xav tau ua ntej lub sijhawm Internet. Vim li cas, koj nug? Thiab vim tias tam sim no cov neeg ua lag luam thiab cov neeg ua lag luam thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm txhua qhov kab txaij tsis tas yuav maj nrawm mus hla cov teb chaws: lawv tseem yuav tsis ua haujlwm nrawm dua li kev kos npe hluav taws xob thiab kev sib tham hauv video.
Thiab yog tias, txawm li cas los xij, qee tus neeg tsis ua siab ntev - pom tus tub yug los lossis npaj phiaj xwm rau nws yug - lawv yuav tsum ua kom lawv lub zog nrawm. Thiab maj mam "ntuav", raws li kuv cov phooj ywg, cov neeg tsis ntseeg tus kheej ntawm BMW lub npe hais tias, nrog rau yav tsaus ntuj nees nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kab tseem ceeb lossis cuam tshuam "txiv kab ntxwv" lossis "Boeing" nrog qhov nruab nrab ceev ntawm 900 km / h, tshuaj yej, peb lig rau lub ntiaj teb tom ntej …
Tab sis cov tshuab hluav taws xob ntau dua - cov tshuab scramjet, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov uas yog lub suab nrov tshaj ntawm cov dej ua haujlwm los ntawm chav sib txuas, tseem tsis tau tsim.
Tej zaum ib tug neeg yuav ua tiav. Ntxiv mus, los ntawm cov tsim tawm uas tsis tau ceeb toom tias nws tsis yooj yim sua, thiab lawv, yam tsis paub nws, tau coj thiab ua ib qhov haujlwm zoo. Keeb kwm ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis kuj paub cov piv txwv zoo li no …
* Hauv kev tsim lub cav, ob hom kev ua haujlwm tsis ruaj khov ntawm lub tshuab dav hlau yog qhov txawv - "nce" thiab "khaus" ntawm qhov nkag. "Khaus" - ua kom muaj huab cua ntau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm cov qauv siv supercritical ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cav inlet diffuser, tau pom tias yog cov yam ntxwv khaus. Hauv kev sib piv, "nthwv dej" yog qhov qis dua kev co. Kev khaus yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntws hauv cov ciav tom qab lub diffuser caj pas.
