Nws pom tus nees luav tshiab lub puab tsaig thiab nthuav nws txhais tes, nqa nws, thiab tua ib txhiab tus neeg nrog nws. Thiab Samson hais tias: Nrog lub puab tsaig ntawm tus nees luav, muaj neeg coob coob, ob pab neeg coob coob, nrog lub puab tsaig ntawm tus nees luav, kuv tua ib txhiab leej neeg.
(Cov Thawj 15: 11-16)
Nthuav, tsis yog nws? Tus txiv neej coj tus nees luav lub puab tsaig thiab tua ib txhiab leej neeg nrog nws. Ntawd yog, nws pom tseeb tias txhua yam nyob hauv Vajtswv txhais tes. Xav tau, thiab Samson tau txais lub zog, xav tau, thiab nws poob nws! Txawm li cas los xij, hauv qhov no, kev hloov pauv ntawm Phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum muaj lub ntsiab lus sib txawv me ntsis, uas yog, qhov kev kawm. Qhov tseeb yog tias ntau yam kev qhia txog kev ntseeg tau tshwm sim hauv cov ntawv me me uas cov kws kos duab tau siv los kho cov ntawv thaum ub. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv lub ntsiab tseem ceeb yog qhov uas muaj cov phiaj xwm hauv phau npaiv npaum npaj, cov neeg ua haujlwm nruab nrab nruab nrab tau coj los ua qauv … cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig nws! Nws yooj yim tsis paub thiab tsis tuaj yeem saib nyob qhov twg, tab sis tib neeg zoo li cas nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Lub tswv yim ntawm kev txhim kho keeb kwm yog neeg txawv txawv rau nws, yog li nws cov duab me me yog hom "duab ntawm lub sijhawm" thiab, kawm lawv, peb tuaj yeem paub paub tias cov neeg ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog zoo li lub sijhawm sib txawv, thiab, ntawm tau kawg, lawv cov riam phom zoo li cas thiab cov cuab yeej ua rog. Raws li, cov kws ua yeeb yam me me ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv tau pleev xim rau ob tug tswv vaj David thiab Goliath loj heev hauv txoj kev sib txawv kiag li, uas muab peb qhov laj thawj los txiav txim lawv cov duab raws li keeb kwm muaj nqis heev.
Samson ntaus cov yeeb ncuab nrog tus nees luav lub puab tsaig. Tej yam me me los ntawm nto moo "Bible of Maciejewski" lossis "Bible of the Crusader", uas yog los ntawm Saint Louis. Hnub tim rau 1240 - 1250. Pom nyob hauv Pierpont Morgan Library hauv New York, ob nplooj ntawm Bibliotheque Nationale hauv Paris, ib qho ntawm Getty Museum. Ua tib zoo saib zoo li cas, ib tus tuaj yeem hais, thiab muaj peev xwm, riam phom ntawm cov neeg tau piav qhia hauv qhov me me thiab lawv cov khaub ncaws tau sau tawm. Peb pom ob lub felchens ib zaug, txawm hais tias tsuas yog ib nrab ntawm kaum ob ntawm lawv tau pom tiag tiag.
Tab sis kev tsim kho niaj hnub no ntawm "ntaj", zoo sib xws … yog, yog, rau tus nees luav lub puab tsaig! Tab sis tsis muaj txoj hauv kev los ua pov thawj nws!
Ntawd yog, nws txaus rau peb npaj cov khoom me me nruab nrab xyoo los ntawm lub xyoo txhawm rau kom pom meej tias riam phom thiab cov cuab yeej hloov pauv li cas xyoo rau xyoo thiab ib puas xyoo rau ib puas xyoo. Raws li, cov kev hloov pauv no tuaj yeem pom ntawm cov duab puab thiab tau ntxiv los ntawm ntau lwm yam khoom cuav uas tau muaj sia nyob rau peb lub sijhawm. Tab sis peb yuav tham txog cov khoom siv hlau ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog, tab sis tam sim no peb txaus siab rau "duab", ntxiv mus, koom ua ke los ntawm ib zaj dab neeg hauv phau npaiv npaum. Ntawm qee qhov - Samson nrog tus nees luav lub puab tsaig hauv nws txhais tes, ntawm lwm tus - tus tswv yug yaj David tua Goliath loj heev.
Zoo, qhov no yog daim duab ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm David thiab Goliath uas kuv tuaj yeem pom. Nov yog qhov me me los ntawm Psalter los ntawm Canterbury, nws yog hnub tim 1155-1160, thiab tseem nyob hauv tib lub tsev qiv ntawv Morgan. Peb tsis txaus siab rau tus tswv yug yaj, tab sis Goliath tsuas yog nug rau daim duab piav qhia txog tus tub rog ntawm lub sijhawm no. Nws hnav lub kaus mom hlau nrog rau sab saum toj nkhaus rau pem hauv ntej, txoj hlua ntev txoj hlua xa ntawv hnav rau ntawm lub tsho txawm tias ntev dua, thiab cov ntaub thaiv npog rov qab los.
Qhov me me tom ntej yog los ntawm Fabkis, 1151-1175. Tus thawj yog nyob ntawm National Library ntawm Netherlands. Thiab hauv qhov me me no peb pom tib yam. Tshwj tsis yog cov saw xa ntawv muaj qhov hlais nyob rau pem hauv ntej thiab zoo li luv dua me ntsis, thiab daim ntaub thaiv npog muaj txoj siv tawv - rub.
Qhov me me no yog los ntawm cov ntawv sau los ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, 1170-1180. Thiab ntawm no nws tau hais meej tsis yog tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm Tsev Kawm Ntawv Byzantine. Saib, ntawm Goliath, ntxiv rau cov saw xa ntawv, koj tuaj yeem pom meej qee yam ntawm cov ris tsho txhav tawv, yam ntxwv ntawm Byzantine cim duab thiab tha xim. Tab sis feem ntau, cov riam phom tseem yog thoob ntiaj teb thiab zoo ib yam!
Cov ntawv loj O los ntawm Fab Kis cov ntawv sau ntawm 1180. Lub kaus mom hlau tau txais lub phaj qhov ntswg nrog qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm lub ntsej muag, daim ntaub thaiv tau dhau los ua qauv, thiab ob txhais ceg kuj thaum kawg tiv thaiv. Lawv tau meej meej quilted.
Tam sim no peb muaj ua ntej peb Goliath ntawm 1185 los ntawm Fabkis. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, lub kaus mom hlau ntawm nws lub taub hau yog "o", nws muaj peev xwm tias nws tau pleev xim lossis npog nrog cov ntaub txaij, lub cev tau npog nrog cov saw xa los ntawm lub taub hau mus rau ntiv taw, tab sis cov saw xa chaussies ntawm nws ob txhais ceg tsis nyob hauv daim ntawv thom khwm, tab sis kab txaij yooj yim khi ntawm nws ob txhais ceg tom qab. Thaj, nws yog kev lag luam ntau dua li ntawd.
Tab sis qhov no yog hom dab neeg ntawm peb daim duab, mus ib qho dhau ib qho. Ua ntej lawv, dua, David thiab Goliath, tab sis tam sim no los ntawm Spain, cov ntawv sau los ntawm Barcelona, uas yog hnub tim txij li 1200 txog 1300. Ntsib neeg San Lorenzo de Escorial Thawj qhov me me qhia tias Xa -u hnav David li cas hauv cov cuab yeej hlau, tab sis nws tsis nyiam nws. Nws tsis siv nws.
Hauv qhov me me tom ntej (nws yog nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm peb) peb pom Goliath hnav khaub ncaws zoo li tus tub rog. Lub kaus mom hlau, ntaub thaiv npog, rab hmuv nrog daim duab peb sab-rab phom, saw saw hlau, thiab nws twb muaj cov saw xa khoom ntawm nws txhais ceg. Lub hauv paus ntawm kev lom zem: peb pom li cas pob zeb ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas David "ci" ntawm nws lub hauv pliaj, ntau npaum li ntawd tsuas yog cov tshuaj tsuag ya mus xwb!
Zoo, ntawm no Goliath tsis zoo poob los ntawm nws tus nees, thiab David chops tawm ntawm nws lub taub hau. Goliath cov cuab yeej ua rog, raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, yog qhov yooj yim heev thiab tsis tau npog los ntawm ib yam dab tsi los saum toj no, tab sis nws tus nees tau piav qhia hauv daim pam.
Ntawm qhov me me ntawm "Aeneid" 1210 - 1220. Thuringia, Berdin Lub Xeev Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv, tsis muaj David thiab Goliath, tab sis lub kaus mom hlau ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, nrog rau lawv lub tsho npab, tau rov tsim dua. Cov nees tau hnav daim pam quilted, thiab ntawm daim ntaub thaiv peb pom cov tsho ntawm caj npab ntawm lawv tus tswv.
Goliath los ntawm "Phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum ntawm Matsievsky" hnav rau kev sib ntaus sib tua zoo li dandy tiag: ntawm nws lub taub hau nws hnav lub kaus mom hlau pleev xim "tsev teev ntuj de fer" (uas yog "lub kaus mom hlau"), ntawm nws lub cev muaj cov saw xa ntawv hauberk nrog hood, quilted lub hauv caug los ntawm nws lub hauv caug, tab sis nws lub hauv caug los ntawm cov hlau daim hlau nrog kev sib txuas, txawm hais tias tseem yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws, tsis yog lub cev. Cov ntaub thaiv npog zoo li "hlau" tau txo qis me me, thiab lub tsho tshaj sab tau tshwm sim hla cov ris tsho hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub tsho ntev tsis muaj tes tsho. Nco qab tias qhov no yog 1240 - 1250.
"Tus nees lub puab tsaig" ntawm 1300 qhov me me los ntawm Zurich, Switzerland, thiab cov ntawv sau los ntawm qhov uas nws tau coj yog nyob hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv cantonal. Peb saib ze thiab nco ntsoov tias thawj tus tub rog rab ntaj tau hla, pom tseeb, lub khw tsim khoom "hom", tias txhua tus tub rog twb nyob hauv lub tsho loj lawm, tab sis qee tus muaj lawv siv tawv, thaum lwm tus tsis ua. Thiab cov kaus mom hlau … cov kaus mom hlau tau zoo ib yam, uas yog, lawv txuas ntxiv txuas nrog txhua tus neeg.
Kev sib tham me me los ntawm 1300 txog 1350 los ntawm Austria, Xeev Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv ntawm Württemberg. Ntawm no peb twb pom cov kaus mom hauv qab ntawm cov tub rog, thiab txawm tias muaj qhov nyob ntawm ntug. Ntawd yog, lub sijhawm no lawv twb tau nthuav dav heev!
Thaum kawg, lwm daim duab ntawm kev tua neeg nrog tus nees luav lub puab tsaig: 1450, cov ntawv sau los ntawm Belgium, nyob hauv Morgan lub tsev qiv ntawv. Ntawm nws peb pom cov tub rog nyob hauv cov cuab yeej phom, cov tub rog thiab nrog cov tub rog nyob hauv lawv txhais tes. Ntawd yog, txhua yam zoo ib yam uas lwm qhov chaw qhia rau peb txog, thiab, tshwj xeeb, cov duab tib yam.
Zoo, tam sim no cia peb sib piv cov duab me me nthuav qhia ntawm no nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam, zoo, cia peb hais, kos duab los ntawm tib Angus McBride. Ntawm nws peb pom cov tub rog ntawm 1170 - 1180. Pom tseeb, thaum ua haujlwm rau nws, nws tsis siv ib qho, tab sis ntau qhov sib txawv me me, suav nrog cov uas peb tuaj yeem pom ntawm no. Ntawd yog, kev rov tsim kho nws tau ua tiav zoo heev.
Daim duab, uas peb pom tus tub rog ntawm 1190, tau ua haujlwm zoo dua, ntawm no peb pom txhua yam hauv kev nthuav dav, sab xis mus rau daim duab ntawm daim ntaub. Ntaj qhia hauv daim duab yog nyob rau ib zaug piav qhia los ntawm E. Oakshott, thiab nws daim duab nyob hauv txhua phau ntawv, suav nrog dub thiab dawb. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias qhov no yog li cas cov tub rog uas koom nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Montjisar, yeej rau lawv, thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Hattin, tuaj yeem zoo li qhov no.
Yog li, cov neeg piav qhia niaj hnub piav txog cov tub rog ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog muaj lub hauv paus zoo rau tsim lawv cov haujlwm, thiab yuav luag txhua qhov kev qhia ntawm riam phom ntawm no lossis cov cuab yeej ua rog tuaj yeem suav nrog ob qho tib si los ntawm kev pom tiag tiag thiab cov khoom nruab nrab nruab nrab, uas muaj ntau ntau txhiab hnub no. (!), Thiab tsuas yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog digitized thiab muaj rau saib hauv Web!
