Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg ntau npaum li cas tus neeg ntse ua tus coj txhua yam zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm lwm tus, tsis txhob ua raws li qhov phem, tab sis nws tus kheej. Qhov phem tshaj qhov no, tej zaum, tsuas yog tus uas tseem ua qhov no, tab sis tsis hais lus nrov nrov txog nws, lossis tseem tsuas yog ua kom me me nyob ntsiag to txog qhov nws tau txais cov khoom no los ntawm. Txawm hais tias tsis muaj dab tsi txaj muag hauv kev siv lwm tus neeg qhov kev ua tiav, thiab tsis muaj. Piv txwv li, cov neeg Loos tsis tuaj nrog lawv tus kheej, tej zaum tsuas yog siv pob zeb, tab sis … siv Celtic saw xa ntawv thiab ntaub thaiv npog, Iberian ntaj thiab Samnite lub kaus mom hlau, lawv kov yeej tag nrho Mediterranean thiab tso lub hauv paus rau txhua qhov tom ntej European kev vam meej.
Cov tub rog Indian ua ntej Lee Enfield kev ua yeeb yam hauv Singapore.
Yog li cov neeg Askiv, ua tib zoo mloog rau James Lee phom ntev, tsis saib nws yog leej twg thiab nws tuaj qhov twg tuaj, thiab vim li cas nws thiaj li xaus hauv Tebchaws Meskas, tab sis tsuas yog coj, sim nws rab phom nrog rau lwm cov qauv los ntawm Tebchaws Europe xyoo 1887.. Lawv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyiam tus qauv Lee phom nrog rab phom hauv lub thoob raws li txoj kev ntawm William Metford hauv qhov muaj peev xwm 10, 2 hli. Tab sis kev nce qib hauv cov cuab yeej ua rog twb tau mus nrawm heev, yog li ntawd, thaum lawv txiav txim siab los coj tus qauv no mus rau hauv kev pabcuam, qhov muaj peev xwm hauv nws tau txo mus rau 7, 7-mm (0, 303). Nov yog qhov phom sij Lee-Metford Mk Kuv uas nto moo ntawm 1888 tus qauv tshwm sim. Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov riam phom no yog ib lub thoob nrog xya qhov ntiav ntiav (txiav ntau lub ntsej muag), yim-txhaj tshuaj (txawm hais tias yog Fab Kis nrog lawv yim-txhaj tshuaj "Lebel") rho tawm cov ntawv xov xwm txuas nrog rab phom ntawm txoj saw, thiab tig ntsia liaj qhov rooj nrog lub nraub qaum mounted reloading tuav.
Phom phom "Lee-Metford".
Phom Loj "Lee-Metford" Mk I, ntsia liaj qhov rooj thiab ntawv xov xwm.
Rifle "Lee-Metford" Mk II, pom rau kev tua hluav taws (rau kev tua nws tau muab tais rov qab).
Phom phom "Lee-Metford" Mk II. Sight rau salvo tua nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim ua haujlwm.
Qhov teeb meem loj ntawm rab phom tau dhau los ua lub cartridge nruab nrog nias cov hmoov dub. Nyob deb tam sim ntawd, Askiv tau tswj hwm tsim cov cartridges nrog cov hmoov nitro, nrog nws rab phom rab phom pib hnav sai heev. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis yog ib txwm thiab tsis nyob txhua qhov chaw. Peb paub los ntawm Louis Boussinard zaj dab neeg Tus Thawj Coj Rip Head, tias Lee Metford tsis zoo rau German Mauser, uas Boers tau ua tub rog nyob hauv Boer War, thiab nws yog "phom tsis zoo." Yog li, qhov tseeb, Askiv lawv tus kheej ntseeg, tab sis, ua ntej, tsis yog txhua tus Boers tau ua rog nrog Mauser. Qhov thib ob, qhov hluav taws kub ntawm "Lee-Metford" ntawm qhov ze, uas yog, ze dua 350 m, siab dua li ntawm "Mauser", thiab tsis muaj qhov sib txawv hauv qhov raug, thaum kawg, thib peb, cov lus hais tias tau ua rau rab phom no nyob hauv Africa, vim qee qhov lawv tsis tau ua hauv Is Nrias teb thiab Afghanistan.
Phom phom "Lee-Metford" (daim duab).
Phom phom "Lee-Metford" (nthuav dav).
Txawm li cas los xij, vim li cas qhov no thiaj li tseem nkag siab. Yog tias lub zeem muag ntawm Boers, tsis muaj teeb meem los ntawm kev nyeem ntawv thiab teeb pom kev zoo, yog lub zeem muag npaj ntawm snipers thiab lawv tsuas yog tsis muaj rab phom ntev, uas lawv nyuam qhuav tau txais hauv Tebchaws Yelemees thiab Holland, tom qab ntawd qhov kev pom ntawm Afghans tsis tuaj yeem ua dab tsi los pab. lawv, txij li lawv tau tua cov neeg Askiv los ntawm cov phom qub flintlock, lossis, qhov zoo tshaj plaws, Snyder phom ntev, yog li ntawm no qhov zoo tshaj ntawm Askiv nyob rau hauv cov cuab yeej ua rog tau ua tiav.
Lus Askiv.
Cov ntawv xov xwm txiav tawm ntawm cov phom ntawm 1908 tus qauv tseem raug teeb tsa.
Ib qho ntxiv, ntau qhov kev vam khom rau kev qhia cov tub rog. Piv txwv li, pab tub rog Askiv tau siv tus txheej txheem uas tau txais lub npe menyuam yaus tsis raug cai "feeb ntawm kev chim", raws li tus tub rog Askiv yuav tsum tua 15 lub hom phiaj txhaj tshuaj hauv ib feeb ntawm lub hom phiaj nrog txoj kab uas hla 30 cm ntawm qhov deb ntawm 270 meters. Xyoo 1914, cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg ntawm qhov hluav taws kub ntawm 38 teev toj ib feeb tau teev tseg, teeb tsa los ntawm tus kws qhia Sergeant Major Snoxhall. Ntxiv mus, nws tsis yog tib tus uas paub nws tus kheej. Ntau tus tub rog feem ntau pom tus nqi hluav taws kub ntawm 30 ncig ntawm ib feeb, uas yog vim li cas, piv txwv li, thaum sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1 ntawm Mons thiab ntawm Marne, cov neeg German feem ntau paub tseeb tias Askiv muaj ntau pua lub tshuab phom hauv txoj haujlwm, xws li nag los ntawm cov mos txwv poob rau ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm. Tab sis nws yog qhov tseeb tias cov tub rog Askiv tseem tsis tau dim kev sim khaws cov mos txwv. Kev txiav tawm tau qhia rau hauv kev tsim phom, yog li nws yuav tsum tau tua los ntawm nws nyob deb deb xws li los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj ib leeg, thiab tsuas yog thaum mus txog ntawm tus yeeb ncuab, lawv tau qhib hluav taws nquag siv lawv cov ntawv xov xwm 10-ncig.
"Lee-Enfield" MK I (1903). Ib tus yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm rab phom tshiab yog lub thoob phom, uas tau npog tag nrho lub thoob. Txawm li cas los xij, vim yog qhov chaw pom tom qab ntsia liaj qhov rooj, txoj kab sib tw tau luv. Tom qab ntawd, qhov tsis raug no raug kho los ntawm kev xa pom mus rau tom qab ntawm tus txais mus rau lub qhov muag ntawm tus tua.
Cov phom tau txhim kho ntawm Royal Small Arms Factory hauv Enfield, qhov uas nws tau nruab nrog qhov tshiab, txiav tob dua. Thawj rab phom tau tshwm sim xyoo 1895. Nws lub peev xwm tseem zoo ib yam.303, tab sis nws tuaj yeem tua cov mos txwv tshiab nrog tus nqi ntawm cov hmoov tsis haus luam yeeb. Nws tau tsim los ntawm Lee-Metford Mk III * phom ntev, tso tseg qhov tsis tseem ceeb thiab cov kev daws teeb meem qub dhau los ua cov ntawv xov xwm txiav tawm thiab ntau lub foob pob hluav taws pom.
Lee-Enfield thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1 (saum toj no) thiab rab phom siv thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob (hauv qab). Ua tib zoo saib rau ntawm lub dav hlau: hauv thawj kis, nws yog rab ntaj ntev rab phom, uas tau txuas nrog lub thoob phom, hauv qhov thib ob, nws tau txuas ncaj qha rau lub thoob.
Thawj tsab ntawv mus ncaj rau kev ua tsov rog hauv tebchaws Africa yog Lee-Enfield Mk I, thiab nws yog rab phom ntev uas tuaj yeem tua ntawm qhov deb li ntawm 1,700 meters, thiab rab phom luv tau tsim los ntawm nws lub hauv paus rau tub rog. Txawm li cas los xij, sai sai no cov neeg Askiv tau pom tias cov tub rog sib ntaus sib tua zoo li cov tub rog, uas txhais tau tias nws tsis xav tau carbines, tab sis cov phom ntev heev rau cov tub rog.
Them rau Enfield.
Xyoo 1902, tus qauv hloov pauv "Phom phom luv, khw Lee-Enfield" tau tsim, npaj rau ob leeg tub rog thiab tub rog. Zoo, xyoo 1907 nws hloov kho SMLE Mk III pom lub teeb. Nrog rab phom no, Askiv tau pib ua Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, thiab ntawm no ob qho nws qhov ua tau zoo thiab qhov ua tsis tau tshwm sim. Tus txheej txheem, rab phom tau dhau qhov qhuas. Vim yog txoj haujlwm tom qab ntawm kev rov nqa khoom, nws tsis tas yuav tsum tsoo lub taub qab tawm ntawm lub xub pwg, ua rau lub ntswj ntswj. 15 tsom puag ncig ib feeb twg yog tus qauv, yog li qhov hluav taws kub tau siab dua Mauser. Yooj yim yog qhov tsim ntawm lub taub qab, uas tsis muaj cov ntiv taw ib txwm nyob hauv nws sab saud, tab sis tau nruab nrog lub ntsej muag tawm ntawm qhov ncaj "Lus Askiv" caj dab ntawm lub taub qab. Ntawd yog, ntawm ib sab tes, lub caj dab ncaj tau yooj yim hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws tau siv tib rab yaj phom tuav, zoo dua thaum tua. Cov phom tau tiv taus av, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua tsov rog. Qhov tsis zoo yog qhov nyuaj thiab, vim li ntawd, nce tus nqi tsim khoom.
"Lee-Enfield" # 4 MK I 1944 tso tawm.
Xyoo 1931, tus qauv naj npawb 4 Mk Kuv tau tshwm sim. Nws muaj lub nra hnyav dua, lub taub qab luv dua thiab pom qhov yooj yim, uas tau hloov pauv los ntawm lub phaj txais mus rau tom qab ntawm lub nkoj thauj khoom. Qhov no tau coj nws los ze zog rau tus neeg tua hluav taws lub qhov muag thiab ua kom ntev dua ntawm cov kab ke. Nws hloov tawm tias qhov hluav taws kub yuav tsum raug tua feem ntau ntawm qhov deb ntawm 300 metres, thiab tom qab ntawd feem ntau cov neeg tua phom tau tua, uas yog lawv tus kheej cov qauv ntawm rab phom No. 4 Mk I (T) tau tsim.
Rifle No. 4 Mk I (T) - phom ntev (los ntawm lus Askiv lo lus "taget" - phiaj).
Cov phom no ua tau zoo nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, tab sis tau dhau mus dhau … ntev rau hav zoov! Qhov hu ua "Jungle Carbine" No. 5 tau tsim-qauv luv ntawm "Lee-Enfield", tab sis nws muab tawm tias nws rov qab los muaj zog heev, thiab lub teeb ntawm nplaim taws los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tau zoo heev. Kuv yuav tsum tau muab lub funnel-puab flash nyem rau ntawm lub thoob, tab sis qhov no tsis pab ib yam.
Zoov nuj txeeg Carabiner.
Tom qab Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, Lee-Enfield rab phom tseem nyob hauv pab tub rog Askiv rau qee lub sijhawm, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv tus lej tau txais cov thooj av tshiab chambered rau 7.62 mm NATO cartridges. Lawv tau siv los ua snipers raws li lub npe L-42-A-1 txog rau thaum kawg ntawm 80s (Askiv siv lawv hauv Falklands), uas yog, yuav luag 100 xyoo.
Cov tub ceev xwm hauv tebchaws Malaysia tab tom xyaum ua cov txuj ci tiv thaiv ib puag ncig ntawm Singapore.
Nws yog qhov txaus siab tias rab phom no tau tsim tsis yog hauv Askiv nkaus xwb, tab sis thaum tsov rog, kwv yees li ob lab "Enfields" tau tsim tawm hauv Asmeskas thiab Canada, ntxiv rau, nws tau tsim los ntawm Ishapur Arsenal hauv Is Nrias teb. Teb chaws Africa, Is Nrias teb, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Malaysia - cov no yog cov tebchaws thiab thaj chaw uas rab phom no tau nthuav dav tshaj plaws, thiab cov tub rog hauv cov tebchaws no siv rab phom no nyob rau tiam 21st century!
Mujahid nrog Enfield # 4 hauv Afghanistan, xeev Kunar, Lub Yim Hli 1985.
