Kev faib ua ntau hom tub rog hauv pab tub rog, uas pib nyob rau hauv Henry VIII, txuas ntxiv tom qab nws tuag. Tus kws sau keeb kwm Askiv K. Blair thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th tau hais tawm 6 hom kev ua tub rog Askiv hauv cov cuab yeej ua rog thiab riam phom:
1. Hnyav tub rog hnyav - hnav ris tsho tiv thaiv "peb -plaub ntu", D. Paddock thiab D. Ntug, qhia tias cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv nruab nrab ntawm tus ncej puab - cov tiv thaiv tiv thaiv - uas yog, ib nrab ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, ua ntej tshaj plaws, tau siv los ntawm lub teeb nruab nrab cavalry, thiab cov tub rog hnyav hnav ib rab riam phom tag nrho. K. Blair - "hnyav cavalry hnav khau looj plab hlaub", thiab D. Paddock thiab D. Ntug - cov tub rog nruab nrab tsis txhob siv cov tub rog sabatons hnav khau, lawv kuj siv lub kaus mom hlau kaw thiab cov cuab yeej ua tub rog, tab sis cuirass tsis muaj lub xub pwg nuv rau hmuv …
2. Cov tub rog nruab nrab, hnav cov ris tsho hnyav dua, thiab lawv tau ua ke nrog lub kaus mom hlau bourguignot (lossis burgonet).
Burgonet. Holland 1620 - 1630 Qhov hnyav 2414 Metropolitan Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kos Duab, New York.
3. Cov neeg caij tsheb siv rab phom thiab suav nrog txhua tus uas tuaj yeem "tua los ntawm tus nees" D. D. Paddock thiab D. Ntug kuj suav nrog "javelinners" ("javelin" - dart) ntawm lawv, yog li cov kab lus - "Dart armor "). Lawv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv muaj xws li cuirass, lub kaus mom hlau bourguignot, daim tiab daim tiab thiab hnav khaub ncaws. K. Blair piav qhia cov cuab yeej ua rog cavalry sib txawv. Lawv muaj "arquebus armor": cuirass, lub xub pwg nyom, dab tshos, hnab looj tes ntawm sab tes laug rau lub luj tshib ("hnab looj tes ntev" lossis "hnab looj tes rau lub reins") thiab rov bourguignot. Ib daim ntawv sib zog yog hnab looj tes, lub tsho xa ntawv thiab bourguignot dua.
4. Musketeers thiab arquebusiers hnav lub tsho tawv, jacque, thiab tom qab ntawd 1600 nws tau hloov los ntawm lub tsho tawv tawv tawv uas tuaj yeem tiv taus kev raug tsoo los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, nrog rau lub kaus mom hlau. Musketeers tom qab nres siv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, thiab hloov lub kaus mom hlau hauv kev ua neeg pej xeem, lawv pib hnav lub kaus mom dav dav.
5. "Cov hmuv phom" - cov tub rog, tiv thaiv los ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv. Nws sawv ntawm cov qib nyob hauv thawj qib. Nws hnav cov ris tsho tiv thaiv: cuirass, lub xub pwg hnab, hnav tsis tau, cov neeg tiv thaiv, cov tes tuav thiab lub kaus mom Morion.
6. "Cov hmuv qhuav" (cov tub rog me me) siv tus brigandine lossis jacque (feem ntau nrog cov tes tsho), lub kaus mom hlau morion.
Hais txog kev piav qhia, hauv 1581 D. Pottinger thiab A. Norman qhia tias Ireland siv ob hom lus Askiv cavalry:
Cov tub rog tub rog hnyav hnyav hnyav hnyav hnyav hnyav, tiv thaiv tus neeg nruab nrab nruab nrab ntawm tus ncej puab, txhais tes tau tiv thaiv tag nrho, thiab lub kaus mom Morion muaj lub zuag thiab cov pluaj hlau pluaj, uas tau khi nrog hlua nyob hauv qab lub puab tsaig. Lawv tau siv riam phom hnyav thiab rab ntaj.
Cov tub rog tub rog hnyav tau hnav lub tsho xa ntawv thiab rov ua morion, thiab ntawm lawv cov khau taw (siab heev ua los ntawm tawv tawv), tib yam tau hnav los ntawm cov tub rog hnyav. Lawv tau ua riam phom nrog rab ntaj thiab rab hmuv ci. Rau kev tiv thaiv, brigandine lossis jacques tau siv.
Cov Irish pikemen tau raug tiv thaiv los ntawm cuirass, npog tag nrho lawv txhais caj npab, lawv lub taub hau tau npog los ntawm morion nrog cov zuag, lawv tsis hnav cov neeg tiv thaiv, lawv tau siv riam phom ntev "Arab pike", rab ntaj luv thiab rab ntaj hnyav.
Cov kws txiav plaub hau tiv thaiv lub chij ntawm lub tuam txhab tsuas muaj lub kaus mom thiab lub kaus mom hlau, vim nws tsis yooj yim heev rau nthwv dej ib puag ncig nrog tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv.
Kev tiv thaiv ntawm arquebusier, zoo li ntawm lwm tus tub rog tub rog, suav nrog lub kaus mom hlau morion, ntxiv rau riam phom tseem ceeb, nws kuj muaj rab riam thiab rab ntaj. Cov nruas thiab cov tshuab raj, txawm tias lawv nyob hauv cov tub rog lossis hauv cov tub rog caij nkoj, tsis hnav cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej, tiv thaiv cov riam phom.
Cov tub ceev xwm sib txawv ntawm qib thiab cov ntaub ntawv hauv kev nplua nuj ntawm lawv cov cuab yeej siv, thiab hnav rab hmuv luv raws li lub cim ntawm kev muaj xwm txheej zoo. Hauv cov lus piav qhia, nplooj ntawv cov tub hluas nqa cov kab thaiv puag ncig tom qab lawv. Tau ntev, cov ntaub thaiv zoo li no tau siv los ntawm Spaniards, uas ntseeg tias lawv pab txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau pikemen tsim yog tias lawv thawb cov pike sib nrug. Tub Vaj Ntxwv Moritz ntawm Txiv Kab Ntxwv tom qab ua tub rog nws cov tub rog nyob rau thawj qib nrog tiv thaiv cov mos txwv, hauv kev mob siab los muab kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv mos txwv mos txwv hauv txoj kev no.
Tus tub rog rab hmuv (hnyav heev) los ntawm 1600 xyaum tso tseg tsis siv hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, nws tau siv hauv kev sib tw thiab qhov ntawd yog nws. Cov hmuv nws tus kheej tsis tshua muaj siv txij li 20s ntawm 17th caug xyoo. Cov neeg caij tsheb hnyav tau pib hu ua cuirassier (qhov no yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm nws cov cuab yeej siv).
Qhov ntxa los ntawm qhov ntxa ntawm Sir Edward Filmer, 1629, East Sutton, Kent.
Tab sis yav dhau los tau khov kho hauv tib neeg lub siab, thiab yog li ntawd tus kws sau keeb kwm los ntawm Askiv Peter Young xyoo 1976 (300 xyoo tom qab lub sijhawm piav qhia) tau sau tias, raug liam, hauv 1632 cov neeg Askiv siv riam phom hnyav heev zoo li cov tub rog nruab nrab nruab nrab, txawm hais tias nws yog "Txhim Kho". Nws tsis muaj khau phaj, tsis muaj "daim tiab" - cov neeg tiv thaiv, hloov pauv ntawm lawv, npog npog tau siv rau ob txhais ceg (lawv tau ntxiv dag zog rau cuirass thiab tiv thaiv ob txhais ceg ntawm lub duav mus rau hauv caug). Tus neeg caij tsheb txhais tes kuj tau tiv thaiv tag nrho, thiab nws tau ua tub rog nrog rab hmuv lossis rab phom sib piv (tsis muaj qhov txuas ntxiv thiab tuav), rab ntaj tub rog (hnyav heev) thiab ob rab phom phom log.
Tombstone los ntawm lub qhov ntxa ntawm Ralph Assheton 1650, Middleton, Yorkshire.
Txawm tias hauv daim ntawv txo qis, cov cuab yeej zoo li no feem ntau hnyav dua li cov uas tiv thaiv tsuas yog los ntawm riam phom txias. Nws yog txhua yam nyuaj rau hnav. Cov cuab yeej cuirassier, uas hnyav 42 kg, tau muaj txoj sia nyob, nrog rau cov cuab yeej zoo li qub! Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv no tiv thaiv los ntawm cov mos txwv txaus txaus, tab sis nyob ntawm qhov deb, tab sis lawv qhov hnyav hnyav heev thiab qee zaum, thaum tus neeg caij tsheb poob los ntawm lub eeb, ua rau raug mob.
Lub kaus mom kaus mom "hws" ("lauj kaub") lossis "tus cw cij"
Tias yog vim li cas, tom qab nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua 17th, Cov tub rog Askiv siv cov ris tsho hnyav hnyav uas tsis muaj dab tsi zoo ib yam nrog cov tub rog. Cov "cavaliers" thiab "puag ncig lub taub hau" horsemen ntawm parliament tau hnav lub kaus mom hlau hu ua "hws". Hloov chaw ntawm lub visor, lub qhov ntswg nthuav dav tau ua lossis sib tshooj ua los ntawm cov hlau hlau. Cov cuirass tau npog sab nraub qaum thiab hauv siab, sab caj npab sab laug mus rau lub luj tshib - sab nraub qaum, hauv qab - lub hnab looj tes, thiab hauv pab tub rog "pheej yig" ntawm pawg txwj laug, txawm tias qhov no "tshaj" cov neeg caij nees tau raug tshem tawm. Dragoons, musketeers, equestrian arquebusiers tsis muaj cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv (txawm tias yog tus tiv thaiv siab tawv ntawm King Louis XIII).
Musketeers ntawm Louis XIII 1625-1630 Teeb duab los ntawm Graham Turner.
Peb tuaj yeem hais tias qhov tshwm sim thiab kev txhim kho ntawm European phaj riam phom tau ua tiav tom qab nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua 17th, thiab ntau dua li ntawm 1700. Muaj tseeb tiag, hauv kev tawm tsam, cov cuab yeej ib leeg ntawm cov cuab yeej tseem siv. Nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev, tsim riam phom thiab los ntawm 1649 daim ntawv "ib txwm" tau txhais: pikemen (infantry) - cuirass, legguards, morion helmet; musketeers (qee zaum) - lub kaus mom hlau thiab tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv; cavalry - cuirass thiab lub kaus mom hlau, (feem ntau tsuas yog sab pem hauv ntej tseem tshuav los ntawm cuirass). Pikemen tuaj yeem muaj hnab looj tes nrog cov tawv tawv tawv leggings uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lawv txhais tes los ntawm kev tawg ntawm cov pike.
Cov kev hloov pauv cuam tshuam hauv tebchaws Askiv thiab cov cuab yeej ua rog rau cov neeg muaj koob npe, tau ua nyob rau tiam kawg ntawm 16th - thaum ntxov 17th caug xyoo. Tom qab xyoo 1580, "pea pod" (cov duab ntawm cuirass) tau qiv los ntawm Ltalis, tab sis tom qab 20 xyoo "pea" tau tso tseg. Lub kaus mom hlau tuaj yeem tig rau ntawm lub ntsej muag; lub nraub qaum thiab lub hauv siab tau riveted los ntawm cov kab sib cais, qhov no muab kev txav tau zoo rau tus neeg hnav cov ris tsho hnav. Cov kws tshaj lij tau ntxiv ib daim thooj forged phaj hauv siab los txhawb cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, uas tau txuas rau saum. Lamellar legguards tau txuas ncaj qha rau lub cuirass. Lub hnab looj tes cov ntiv tes tau sib cais, lawv tau tiv thaiv los ntawm cov phaj hlau uas hla ib leeg. Chain-mail khau muaj hlau ntiv taw.
Cuirassier armor ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Cleveland.
Kev tsim cov cuab yeej txuas ntxiv txuas ntxiv mus rau poj huab tais Elizabeth, tab sis tib lub sijhawm muaj ntau yam ntxiv ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntxiv: lub hauv siab phaj, lub pluaj pluaj, tshwj xeeb "tus neeg saib xyuas" tau hnav rau sab laug ntawm caj npab thiab ib feem ntawm armor (siv rau kev sib tw). Bourguignot hnav khaub ncaws nrog tiv thaiv lub caj dab thiab qis dua ntawm lub ntsej muag. Cov cuab yeej no tau kim heev. Leggings tau dhau los ua hnyav dua thiab hnyav dua, vim tias lawv tau hnav dua khau, thiab lawv xav tau kom dav dua. Lawv ploj los ntawm kev siv hauv kev sib ntaus yuav luag tag, zoo li sabatons, tab sis cov leggings tseem tau hnav hauv cov cuab yeej ua rog.
Lub kaus mom hlau 1650 - 1700 Qhov hnyav 2152 Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
Hauv Fab Kis, Vaj Ntxwv Henry IV, los ntawm tsab cai lij choj hauv xyoo 1604, txwv tsis pub hnav tej ris tsho hnav. Tom qab ntawd xyoo 1620, tus tsom iav ntawm lub kaus mom hlau ntawm tus neeg hais lus Askiv yog lub lattice ntawm pas nrig ntawm ntau yam. Thiab rau lub kaus mom hlau cuirassier muaj ib tus neeg Italian "lub taub hau tuag" - daim ntawv tshwj xeeb nrog lub ntsej muag nrog lub qhov nyob hauv daim ntawv ntawm pob txha taub hau.
Lub kaus mom hlau nrog "lub ntsej muag" tsis tsuas yog tiv thaiv, tab sis kuj txaus ntshai!
Qhov tshiab yog lub kaus mom hlau "cavalier" (nws tau kis thoob plaws tebchaws Askiv xyoo 1642-1649 thaum Tsov Rog Zaum Ob). Nws zoo li lub kaus mom nrog lub dav dav, nws muaj lub qhov ntswg zawv zawg. Sappers qhov kawg ntawm lub 16th thiab mus txog rau 18th centuries hnav tshwj xeeb hom armor, vim tias lawv yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov yeeb ncuab hluav taws thiab lawv xav tiv thaiv ntau dua li lwm cov tub rog. Cov kaus mom tiv thaiv mos txwv yog hom tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv thaum kawg ntawm lub caij nyoog ntawm cov cuab yeej ua tub rog. Lawv tau ua rau cov thawj coj uas saib xyuas kev ua haujlwm siege los ntawm npog (tsis muaj leej twg xav nthuav tawm lawv lub taub hau hauv qab cov yeeb ncuab txhaj tshuaj).
Tombstone los ntawm lub qhov ntxa ntawm Alexander Newton 1659, Brasiworth, Suffolk.
