Hauv thawj feem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog "lub cev anatomical cuirasses", nws tau txiav txim siab tias lawv tau tshwm sim los ntawm cov khoom qub rau txiv neej torsos thiab liab qab yam, thaum nyob hauv cov ntseeg kev ntseeg canons ntawm txoj kev ntseeg tsis tso cai hinting tias tus tub rog yog "nyob hauv qab" … Txawm hais tias thaum lub sijhawm Renaissance, qee qhov kev sim (tab sis ntawm cov cuab yeej ua koob tsheej) tau ua.
Cov txheej txheem qub ntawm lub cev muaj caj dab loj, muab kev ywj pheej rau caj npab, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov tub rog hoplite sib ntaus nrog hmuv, ntaj luv thiab ntaub thaiv npog.
Tab sis tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv rooj plaub tiv thaiv ib yam nkaus! Nws yuav zoo li qhov uas yooj yim dua - txhawm rau tsim cov phaj hlau tiaj tus thiab txuas rau nws sab tiaj nrog lub caj dab thiab lub duav sib npaug thiab qhov ntawd yog - ntawm no yog cuirass rau txhua lub sijhawm. Vim nws nyiam los ntawm lub duav mus rau lub caj dab, cov hmuv taub hau los ntawm nws yuav swb mus rau lub dab tshos hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub kaum ntse ntse thiab hloov mus rau ob sab. Lwm qhov kev xaiv yog qhov ntse, ntug ncaj nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov cuirass, zoo ib yam li rab hneev nkoj. Tom qab ntawd cov lus qhia yuav ua rau sab laug thiab sab xis, thiab hauv qab cov cuirass yuav muaj chav rau lub rhaub dej kub, lossis tseem muaj cov cuab yeej ntxiv! Tab sis kuj tsis muaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias Liliana thiab Fred Funkenov muaj lub tsev zoo sib xws hauv lawv "Encyclopedia of Weapons and Military Suit", tom qab ntawd tsis muaj cuirasses nrog tus tav hais tawm.
Armor ntawm Sir James Scudamore nrog tus tav nyob hauv qab ntawm cuirass. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
Lawv yog ob lub ntsej muag lossis kab tav, yog, tab sis tsis txaus ntseeg heev. Tab sis lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv yog kom cawm nws tus tswv lub neej, thiab hauv qhov teeb meem no, zoo li, txhua yam txhais tau tias zoo! Lwm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ris tsho tiv thaiv kuj tseem nthuav - cov ris tsho ua los ntawm cov kab hlau. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov no yog dab tsi yog cov hlau qub tshaj plaws los ntawm Dendra, thiab tom qab ntawd Roman lorics.
Armor los ntawm Dendra. Tsev khaws puav pheej Archaeological ntawm Nafplion. Thawj.
Armor los ntawm Dendra. Tsev khaws puav pheej Archaeological ntawm Nafplion. Rov tsim kho dua.
Tab sis … nws yog thiab dhau mus, ua rau yuav luag tsis muaj kev nco hauv Tebchaws Europe, tshwj tsis yog tej zaum nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm Polish armor ntawm "winged hussars". Thiab yog li txhua qhov chaw peb muaj cov txheej txheem ntawm cov duab zoo li lub cev (piv txwv li, xis hnav), thiab tib lub sijhawm nrog "tsis pub leej twg paub" txhais tes ntawm tus tswv, thiab tsis yog thawj zaug "liab qab".
Lub hauv siab, nraub qaum, c. 1505-1510 Tej zaum qhov haujlwm ntawm Francesco Negroli (d. Kaum Ob Hlis 1519). Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
Yog li tom qab tag nrho, txawm tias dhau ntawm cov txheej txheem no, dhau sijhawm, nws tau dhau los ua khaub ncaws hnav ntawm lawv cov ntaub, yog li qhov no nws yog kev coj noj coj ua thiab, tau kawg, kev ntseeg kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov neeg Europe uas tau hais tseg lawv tsim kev tiv thaiv riam phom.
Gothic armor los ntawm 1470. Bavarian National Tsev khaws puav pheej, Munich. Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv nws tus kheej tau ua hauv Nuremberg, raws li muaj pov thawj los ntawm cov khoom lag luam nyob hauv qab txoj cai.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsim nyog txiav txim siab qhov tshwm sim ntawm European cuirass tag nrho thiab txav mus los ntawm nws mus rau cov qauv Asian, uas peb yuav ua tiav txoj kev kawm ntawm cuirass ntawm "anatomical shape". Cia peb pib nrog qhov tseeb tias kev thov rov hais dua mus rau qhov zoo nkauj tsis tu ncua ua pov thawj tias twb muaj lawm hauv 1410 cuirasses tau thiab tau hnav, thiab tsis muaj ntaub npog. Xyoo 1430, ua ntej, thawj qhov zawj (flutes) pib tshwm rau ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm lub luj tshib thiab lub hauv caug, ib txhij pab txhawb thiab ntxiv dag zog rau lawv.
Gothic armor los ntawm 1470 (armor nees c. 1480 - 1490). German Historical Museum, Berlin.
Xyoo 1450, nrog rau qib kev pom zoo, tau kawg, cov cuab yeej "dawb" phaj tau txais nws daim ntawv qub, tab sis tsis muaj kev tham txog ntawm "nqaij leeg" hauv cov qauv ntawm cov cuirass. Nws ntseeg tias lub sijhawm no yog lub sijhawm ua tiav zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov cuab yeej zoo li no.
Gothic armor 1475-1485 Wallace Collection, London. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm yooj yim heev thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo. Tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv.
Nyob ib ncig ntawm 1475, flutes pib npog tag nrho saum npoo ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv Tebchaws Yelemees. Cov cuab yeej ua rog ntawm lub sijhawm no, ob qho tib si ua hauv Tebchaws Yelemees thiab hauv Ltalis, yog qhov tseeb hu ua "Gothic". Nkawm khau (sabatons) tseem muaj qhov ntswg ntse.
Nyob ib ncig ntawm 1500, theem tom ntej ntawm lawv txoj kev txhim kho pib: nquag nqaim tshwm rau ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, uas twb tau ua nrog txiab, thiab tsis forged. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov leggings tseem nyob ntsiag to, thiab "hnab looj tes" tau hloov pauv nrog cov tais tais thiab nyias ntiv tes.
Armor los ntawm Nuremberg 1470 -1480 German National Tsev khaws puav pheej.
German armor 1515 - 1520 Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Cov khau taw taw, zoo li koj tuaj yeem pom, ploj thiab hloov los ntawm "khau" ntawm hom "dais paw". Ntawm txhais tes ntawm lub hnab looj tes. Cov grooves npog yuav luag txhua qhov ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rog.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov hu ua "khaub ncaws hnav khaub ncaws" tau tshwm sim, qee qhov ntawm cov khoom uas yog cov khaub ncaws hnav tam sim no, tsuas yog lawv tau ua los ntawm cov hlau. Xyoo 1520, Maximiliman cov cuab yeej ua rog tau tshwm sim, lub npe menyuam yaus "tsis hnyav" vim tias lawv hnyav tsuas yog 18, 790 kg.
Cov khaub ncaws hnav Gothic lig yog rau "khaub ncaws yam" khaub ncaws hnav los ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm hauv Vienna. "Lub tes tsho" tau pom meej thiab ua raws li cov qauv txiav ntawm cov ris tsho saum lub hauv caug. "Tiab" tau siv rau kev taug kev sib ntaus, tab sis qhov no ntxiv cov ntsiab lus tau txuas nrog nws nyob rau pem hauv ntej thiab nraub qaum. Zoo, thiab rau caij, feem, lawv tsis tau nrawm, uas tso cai rau tus tub rog mus ntsaws rau hauv lub eeb.
Armor ntawm Emperor Ferdinand I (1503 - 1564), Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, nruab nrab xyoo pua 16th Hnav khaub ncaws hnav ntawm hom Spanish. Burgo nrog lub visor ua los ntawm tav, tab sis qub rondels, kos rau ntawm tag nrho lub hauv siab thiab … tsuas yog qhov ua tsis ncaj ncees-saib codpiece.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, uas yog xyoo 1512, thawj ib nrab ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rog nrog cov xim sib xws tau tshwm sim. Hloov chaw ntawm "daim tiab", lawv tau faib cov neeg tiv thaiv, thiab cov leggings tsis mus txog rau sab saud ntawm tus ncej puab, vim tias cov neeg tiv thaiv ceg tau nqis los rau saum lawv. Xyoo 1530, cov zaub ntawm "noog lub hauv siab" (lossis "goose hauv siab") yam nrog qhov ua kom pom nyob hauv thaj chaw hnub ci plexus tau tshwm sim, thaum nyob hauv Ltalis, txij li xyoo 1520, tau muaj kev tsis lees ntawm cov ris tsho tiv thaiv corrugated.
Ntawm no nws yog, cuirass nrog xws li protrusion ntawm Italian ib nrab-armor ntawm 1571. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, daim ntawv no tau kav ntev txaus. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
Xyoo 1540, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv corrugated ploj hauv Tebchaws Yelemees. Tom qab ntawd, xyoo 1540, qhov qis ntawm cov cuirass tau rub tawm rau hauv "pod". Cov ntawv me me tshwm nrog lub hauv caug-ntev legguards txuas rau lawv. Xyoo 1570, "pod" tau ua ntev dua thiab swells rau hauv qhov hu ua "goose plab". Kaum xyoo tom qab, cov thom khwm puag ncig puag ncig, hnav hla lub ris luv luv kheej kheej, tau nyob rau hauv vogue. Lub khwb taub hau yog ua los ntawm daim hlau uas nthuav mus rau hauv caug. Thaum kawg, xyoo 1590, cov cuab yeej “qub” uas tau dhau los ua zam, qee qhov piv txwv ntawm, piv txwv li, cov cuab yeej ntawm King Charles I ntawm 1546 los ntawm Filippo Negroli (daim duab tau muab rau hauv cov khoom siv yav dhau los), muaj "lub cev tsis zoo”.
Cov cuab yeej ua rog nrog cov neeg tiv thaiv mus txog rau lub hauv caug ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, uas yog rau tsev neeg Barberini. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Pem hauv ntej pom.
Cov cuab yeej zoo ib yam, saib tom qab.
Thaum kawg, hauv 1600, ib nrab-cuirass tuaj rau hauv zam tsuas yog ntawm lub hauv siab, txuas rau sab nraub qaum nrog txoj hlua.
Ib nrab-cuirass ntawm Papal Guard, txij li xyoo 1600 txog rau xyoo pua 18th. Pleev xim xiav nrog cov xim kub.
Zoo, thiab thaum kawg, cov cuab yeej siv feem ntau ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th yog qhov hu ua "peb lub hlis twg" cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, uas yog cov tub rog thiab cov tub tiv thaiv nrog nws. Raws li txoj cai, cuirassiers thiab rab yaj phom, yam nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm cov tub rog ntawm lub sijhawm no, tau hnav li no. Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv zoo li no tuaj yeem hnyav txog 40 kg, uas yog, lawv tau sib phim los ntawm kev ua tub rog. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, qhov no yog ntau npaum li cas Italian cuirassier armor ntawm pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th hnyav.ntawm Metropolitan Tsev khaws puav pheej, hauv New York, thiab kev txhawb ntxiv ntxiv kuj tseem cia siab rau nws thiab, tshwj xeeb, daim npog ntsej muag ntawm lub tais!
Cuirassier armor "peb lub hlis twg" los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, kwv yees li. 1620 Higgins Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Worcester, Massachusetts, Asmeskas.
Ib qho kev nthuav ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv yog qhov hu ua "siege breastplates", uas kuj tau tshwm sim thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th. Qhov hnyav ntawm "phaj" no tuaj yeem yog 11 kg, thiab lub cuab yeej ua rau nws muaj peev xwm muab lwm tus tso rau saum nws! Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho xws li ib nrab-cuirass tau ntau dua li txaus.
(Yuav tsum txuas ntxiv)
