Txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej hlau los ntawm kev xeb yog txhawm rau nws. Thiab zoo nkauj, thiab xeb tsis coj. Zoo, koj tuaj yeem ntxuav lawv los ntawm sab hauv! Reitar armor los ntawm Peb caug Xyoo Tsov Rog. (Dresden Cov Khaub Ncaws)
Raws li koj paub, thawj tagnrho-hlau knightly armor tshwm nyob ib ncig ntawm 1410. Ua ntej ntawd, lawv muaj cov saw xa ntawv aventail, yog li lawv tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ua cov khoom sib tsoo. Tsis muaj kev kho kom zoo nkauj rau lawv, lossis theej, Kuv yuav tsum hais li ntawd - txhuam cov hlau yog lawv tsuas yog kho kom zoo nkauj. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm li ntawd los tseem muaj keeb kwm, xws li qee tus tub rog John de Fiarles, uas nyob rau xyoo 1410 tau muab Burgundian armourers £ 1,727 rau cov cuab yeej ua rog, ntaj thiab rab ntaj dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov hlaws, thiab txawm tias yog pob zeb diamond, uas yog, nws tau xaj kom tsis tau hnov dua li -ntawm lub sijhawm. Cov Burgundians tau xav tsis thoob. Tab sis sai sai no cov tsos ntawm cov hlau txhuam yooj yim tso tseg kom tau raws li qhov zoo nkauj qab ntawm Western European chivalry. Qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub sijhawm "saw xa ntawv" lub sijhawm tau rov ua dua, thaum txhua tus lej tau txais cov xim xim hlau tsaus thiab nws tau dhau los ua qhov tsis paub qhov txawv ntawm lawv.
Armor hauv Pisa style, uas yog, ua hauv nroog Pisa. Sab qaum teb Ltalis, 1580. Lawv kho kom zoo nkauj yog ua los ntawm kev kos duab. Cov keeb kwm yav dhau los tau xaiv, yog li daim duab tiaj tus tau tso rau ntawm qhov chaw. (Dresden Cov Khaub Ncaws)
Tam sim no cov tub rog tau hloov pauv mus rau cov mlom ntawm cov hlau txhuam, thiab qhov teeb meem nrog lawv cov cim tau tshwm sim dua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txij li tus tub rog nyob rau lub sijhawm no tau pib tso daim ntaub thaiv, thiab twb nyob rau xyoo pua 16th nws tau tso tseg yuav luag tag.
German Reitar armor 1620 los ntawm tus tswv Christian Müller, Dresden. (Dresden Cov Khaub Ncaws)
Ntxiv rau cov cuab yeej ua rog, lossis ntau dua, nyob ib sab ntawm lawv hauv Dresden Armory, ntau yam riam phom sib txawv tau nthuav tawm. Raws li, ib sab ntawm Reitar cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, cov ntaj ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb no kuj tau nthuav tawm, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb yog rab yaj phom uas yog lawv, uas tuaj yeem raug suav hais tias yog tus tswv ntawm kev lag luam caj npab. Feem ntau cov no yog rab phom taub hau ntawm ob lub phom rab phom. Lawv tau hnav nyob rau hauv hnab tawv me nyob ze lub eeb nrog tus tuav rau pem hauv ntej, yog li kom tsis txhob zaum ntawm lawv yam thaum tsaws hauv lub eeb. Tab sis nws yog qhov tseeb tias ib txwm muaj cov tib neeg uas xav tuav lawv tus kheej "kom tag nrho." Thiab yog li lawv hnav ob rab phom ntxiv tom qab lub tes tsho ntawm lawv lub khau thiab ib lossis ob qho ntxiv hauv lawv cov menyuam. Yog li rau qhov kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm tus yeeb ncuab tau lees paub rau tus neeg caij tsheb, yog tias, ntawm chav kawm, lub tsev fuabtais tsis kam lees. Ua ntej koj yog ib qho hammered, ua kom zoo li lub kaus mom hlau burgonet, nrog rau ib khub ntawm cov phom zoo ib yam nrog lub log xauv thiab lub hwj hmoov. Cov phom me yog cim nrog cov tsiaj ntawv KT. Qhov chaw tsim khoom Augsburg, txog 1589 (Dresden Armory)
Kaw ntawm lub kaus mom hlau tib yam. Augsburg, txog 1589 (Dresden Armory)
Zoo, qhov no yog lub eeb ntawm lub mloog pob ntseg uas suav nrog lub kaus mom hlau no, rab yaj phom thiab lub hwj hmoov. Yog li nws zoo li me ntsis ntawm txhua qhov no! Lub eeb kuj tau tsim nyob hauv cov txheej txheem ntawd !!!
Nws muaj peev xwm rov npog cov ris tsho hnav nrog lub tsho tshaj tawm thiab qee zaum cov tub rog tau ua li ntawd, tab sis thev naus laus zis ntawm kev zas hlau hauv cov xim sib txawv kuj tau nrov heev. Txoj kev ua kom nquag plias tshaj plaws yog xim xiav xiav. Nws tau ua los ntawm cov hluav ncaig kub, thiab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, tshwj xeeb yog cov neeg Italis, tau ua nws zoo heev uas lawv tau kawm tsis yog kom ua tiav cov xim ib yam ntawm cov khoom loj, tab sis kuj kom tau txais ib qho xim. Cov cuab yeej ua pleev xim rau xim liab thiab tseem liab (sanguine) tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo. Milanese muaj cov xim grey, zoo, thiab cov xim dub ib txwm ua, uas tau txais los ntawm kev hlawv ib feem ntawm cov ris tsho tiv thaiv hauv cov ntoo tshauv kub, tau siv txhua qhov chaw thiab ntau zaus. Thaum kawg, cov xim av daj tuaj rau hauv kev zam hauv Milan xyoo 1530. Ntawd yog, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tseem du, tab sis tib lub sijhawm nws tau dhau los ua xim. Nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv tias kev pleev xim thiab nyiaj ntawm cov cuab yeej tsis tau hnov qab.
Cov ris tsho tiv thaiv tau tsim tsis yog rau cov neeg laus nkaus xwb, tabsis kuj yog rau menyuam yaus, yog li ntawd lawv tau kawm hnav los ntawm menyuam yaus thaum yau. Cov tsho tiv no blued yog rau menyuam yaus! Kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus tswv Peter von Speyer, Dresden, 1590 (Dresden Armory)
Tab sis qhov no yog pikiner lub kaus mom hlau "lauj kaub" (lauj kaub) lossis lub thawv thiab ntaub thaiv npog. Ob qho khoom siv tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog kos duab thiab pleev xim rau. Nyob ze yog hnyav ntaj Walloon ntaj. Augsburg, 1590 (Dresden Armory)
Morion thiab ntaub thaiv npog, ntxiv rau, daim ntaub thaiv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev thim rov qab. Hlau caum. Qhov thib ib nrab ntawm xyoo pua 16th. (Dresden Cov Khaub Ncaws)
Burgock thiab ntaub thaiv npog. Decorated nrog blackening thiab gilding. Augsburg, 1600 (Dresden Armory) Nws yog qhov tseeb tias tsis muaj leej twg mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus hauv cov kaus mom hlau thiab nrog cov ntaub thaiv npog. Txhua yam no yog cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev hais plaub tus saib xyuas ntawm qee tus duke lossis tus xaiv tsa, tsim los ntaus nws cov qhua thiab cov phooj ywg muaj peev xwm thiab cov neeg tawm tsam.
Tom qab ntawd hauv tebchaws Ltalis, nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua 15th, kev kos duab pib siv los kho cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv thiab ntaub thaiv npog, thiab los ntawm xyoo 1580s nws tau sib xyaw ua ke. Txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws yog tshuaj kub amalgam. Cov kub tau yaj hauv cov mercury thiab cov khoom tau npog nrog qhov sib xyaw no, tom qab ntawd nws tau muab tso rau hauv qhov cub kom sov nws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, mercury evaporated, thiab kub tau sib zog ua ke nrog hlau. Tom qab ntawd cov nplaim ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem tsuas yog txhuam thiab cov cuab yeej tau txais qhov zoo nkauj tshwj xeeb. Tab sis cov txheej txheem no tsis tuaj yeem raug hu ua zoo meej. Txoj hauv kev yog qhov txaus ntshai rau tus tswv nws tus kheej, txij li ib txwm muaj kev phom sij ntawm nqus cov pa mercury. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub tau ruaj khov, txawm hais tias nws xav tau kub ntau.
Lub kaus mom hlau zoo kawg li - hammered burgundy nrog cov xim dub hlawv thiab muab cov ntsiab lus thawb ua los ntawm tooj liab tooj liab hauv cov qauv qub. Augsburg, 1584-1588 (Dresden Cov Khaub Ncaws)
Arme lub kaus mom hlau, lub npog ntsej muag tiv thaiv thiab ntaub thaiv npog. Tej zaum Augsburg lossis Nuremberg, ib nrab ntawm xyoo pua 16th. (Dresden Cov Khaub Ncaws)
Txog thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, daim hlau thaiv daim hlau thiab daim hlau thaiv tau pib kho kom zoo nkauj nrog ntug, uas tau ua los ntawm kev kos. Muaj ib txoj hauv kev ntawm kev kos siab thiab sib sib zog nqus, uas sib txawv hauv seb cov duab nyob saum npoo puas yog lub ntsej muag, thiab keeb kwm yav dhau los tau tob, lossis hloov pauv. Hauv thawj kis, tau txais kev nplij siab heev, thaum nyob hauv qhov thib ob, cov duab hauv nws qhov tsos tau mus txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kos rau tooj liab. Ntawd yog, ib txheej ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tau ua nrog cov kua roj vanish ruaj khov los yog siv quav ciab. Kev kos duab tau siv rau nws nrog rab koob kos thiab ntim nrog cov kua qaub, qee zaum rov ua txoj haujlwm no ob lossis peb zaug. Tom qab ntawd daim duab tau txiav nrog incisors. Etching tau ua ke nrog blackening thiab gilding. Thaum blackening, cov roj dub thiab cov tshuaj tsw qab tau rub rau hauv qhov ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab, thiab tom qab ntawd ib feem tau ua kom sov. Cov roj evaporated, thiab lub xov tooj txawb ua ke nrog cov hlau puag. Thaum kos nrog cov npauj npaim, feem ntau yog cov tiaj tiaj tiaj tiaj ntawm thaj tsam zoo nkauj tau pleev xim rau.
Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv los ntawm Jacob Göring. Dresden, 1640 (Dresden Armory)
Lwm pawg ntawm peb-peb lub hlis (lawv kuj tseem hu ua daim teb) cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, uas yog los ntawm Saxon Tus Xaiv Xaiv Johann Georg II, los ntawm tus tswv Christian Müller, Dresden, 1650 (Dresden Armory)
Riam phom peb lub hlis twg los ntawm tus tswv Christian Müller, Dresden, 1620 (Dresden Armory).
Kev khawb ntawm qhov kev nyuaj siab thaum lub sij hawm etching feem ntau yog nqa tawm nrog kev sib xyaw ntawm acetic thiab nitric acid thiab cawv. Tau kawg, tus tswv tau khaws cov zaub mov txawv rau cov sib xyaw no hauv kev ntseeg siab nruj. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov thev naus laus zis no yog kev paub ntawm tus tswv. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ntes lub sijhawm thaum nws yuav tsum tau tso cov kua qaub kom nws tsis xeb cov hlau ntau dhau lossis yog li daim duab tsis tuaj yeem tsis meej.
Sij hawm dhau los, cov kws txawj txawj txawj sib koom ua ke ntau yam txuj ci. Lawv siv caum, kos duab, kos duab, pleev xim thiab nyiaj, niello thiab xim hlau. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kev zoo siab no, piv txwv li, xws li kev ua tub rog hnav khaub ncaws Fab Kis, ua ua ntej 1588. Ntawm no yog kev ua koob tsheej uas muaj daim npog niam mis ntxiv rau lub tais. (Dresden Cov Khaub Ncaws)
Kev ua koob tsheej los ntawm tus tswv Elysius Libarts, Antwerp, 1563-1565 Dub bluing, caum, gilding. (Dresden Cov Khaub Ncaws)
Morion lub kaus mom hlau rau cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv no, yog tias tus neeg hnav xav tshem tawm lawv lub kaus mom hlau uas muaj nyob nrog.
Thiab lub eeb, tsis muaj qhov twg, raws li kev xav ntawm lub xyoo pua, cov txheej txheem tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab ua tiav thiab zoo meej.
