Kev txhawb siab ntawm ib feem ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb hauv tebchaws Polish txoj kev npaj rau kev Tsim Kho Peb Rzecz Pospolita "los ntawm hiav txwv mus rau hiav txwv" ua rau peb rov nco txog keeb kwm kev tu siab ntawm Second Rzecz Pospolita (1918-1939). Nws keeb kwm yog kev ceeb toom zoo ntawm Poland tam sim no tias txhua qhov nws cov phiaj xwm nthuav dav mus rau sab hnub tuaj kawg.
Kev koom tes ntawm Tebchaws Poland, zoo li Tebchaws Meskas, hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm Lub Ob Hlis kiv puag ncig hauv Ukraine-Me Russia tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees tau. Ua tiav cov phiaj xwm ntawm Washington, London thiab Brussels kom tig Me Russia mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, Poland raws li tus tub txib ntawm Anglo-Saxons ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Pom tseeb, yuav tsis muaj European kev koom ua ke ntawm Ukraine. Tebchaws Europe tsis xav tau cov peev txheej ua haujlwm (lawv tus kheej muaj ntau ntawm lawv), lossis kev lag luam, lossis kev tsim vaj tsev (feem ntau cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg twb tau muag lossis raug muag). Cov neeg ntawm Little Russia, uas tau 23 xyoo tau raug lub hlwb nrog kev ywj pheej, Russophobic, tiv thaiv Soviet thiab Ukrainianizing tsis tseem ceeb, tsuas yog siv ua tub rog hauv kev ua rog nrog Russia. Kev ua tsov rog tag nrho ntawm ciam teb ntawm Me Russia thiab Lavxias yuav tsum tsoo ntau txhiab tus neeg Slavic mob siab rau uas ntseeg hauv kev ntseeg ntawm "keeb kwm zoo ntawm ukrovs". Thiab tseem yuav rhuav tshem kev lag luam thiab kev tsim vaj tsev ntawm thaj tsam cuam tshuam los ntawm kev ua tsov rog (thiab kev nthuav dav thaj tsam ua tsov rog yuav luag tsis pom), ua rau nthwv dej ntawm ntau pua txhiab thiab lab tus neeg tawg rog thiab vim li ntawd, ua rau muaj kev tshaib nqhis tshiab. thiab kev tuag coob los ntawm kab mob. Lawv xav los ntshav Me Me Russia, txi ntau lab lub neej ntawm Slav-Rus. Nws cov seem yuav tsum dhau los ua lub hauv paus rau kev ua phem tawm tsam tas li ntawm kev lis kev cai ntawm Lavxias.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ib feem ntawm thaj tsam ntawm Me Russia xav tau los ntawm Poland. Hauv tebchaws Poland, lawv rov nco qab "Greater Poland" los ntawm Baltic mus rau Hiav Txwv Dub. Yav tas los Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Poland A. Kwasniewski twb tau hais tawm lub tswv yim tias tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Ukraine yuav tsum yog tus Ncej uas yuav rov kho qhov kev txiav txim hauv lub tebchaws thiab siv txoj hauv kev los tsim Poland los ntawm hiav txwv mus rau hiav txwv. Yav dhau los tus thawj coj ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg Hauv Tebchaws, ib tus koom nrog yav dhau los lub taub hau ntawm Polish xeev Kwasniewski thiab tus tswvcuab ntawm European Parliament los ntawm Poland, Marek Sivec, tau hais tsis meej: tias Lavxias-Ukrainian Ukraine yuav rov raug dua los ntawm Moscow. " Ua ntej tshaj plaws, Polish radicals thov Volyn, Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv, Rivne thiab Ternopil cheeb tsam. Cov cheeb tsam no muab cov neeg ua haujlwm rau Poland uas paub cov lus Polish thiab tau ua tiav zoo rau hauv kab lis kev cai Polish. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsis muaj teeb meem tshwj xeeb nrog kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov cheeb tsam no mus rau Tebchaws Poland, lawv tuaj yeem dhau los ua "Sab Qab Teb ntawm Tebchaws Poland".
Poland tau ntsib nrog txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov cai tswjfwm kev sib cais ntawm thaj av sab hnub poob ntawm Ukraine. Li no cov pob zeb kov uas Poland tab tom nthuav tawm hais txog kev faib tawm ntawm Ukraine. Yog li tus hais lus ntawm Polish Sejm, Radoslaw Sikorski, tshaj tawm tias raug foob hauv xyoo 2008, Lavxias Thawj Tswj Hwm Vladimir Putin tau thov rau tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Polish Thawj Tswj Hwm Donald Tusk uas tau mus ntsib Moscow (nws yuav dhau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm European Council) kom faib Ukraine. Sikorsky tau hais tawm cov lus hais los ntawm Putin: "Ukraine yog lub tebchaws tsim los tsim, thiab Lviv yog lub nroog Polish, thiab vim li cas peb tsis daws qhov teeb meem no ua ke."Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog kev soj ntsuam ntawm Moscow (thiab lwm lub zog) ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev faib ntawm Ukraine thiab kev qhia maj mam mus rau thoob ntiaj teb kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm kev rov faib dua tshiab ntawm ciam teb (kev hloov pauv hauv architecture ntawm lub ntiaj teb zej zog). Muaj tseeb, Tusk nws tus kheej tam sim hais tias nws tsis tau hnov dua ib yam li nws los ntawm lub taub hau ntawm Russia. Tab sis txoj haujlwm twb ua tiav lawm. Lub foob pob hluav taws tau sim ua tiav.
Tsis ntev los no, Sikorsky txuas ntxiv txhim kho cov ncauj lus uas tau hais tseg. Hais lus ntawm Tsev Kawm Qib Siab Harvard thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 20, nws tau hais rau cov neeg Asmeskas tias Poland "ua tsaug rau nws txoj cai ruaj khov ntawm kev hloov kho thiab koom nrog cov txheej txheem Atlantic" tuaj yeem ua piv txwv rau Ukraine, coj nws mus rau sab hnub poob xav tau. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Poland tuaj yeem ua tiav nws lub hom phiaj kev vam meej hauv Ukraine. Muaj tseeb, Russia tab tom cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem no. Yog li ntawd, raws li Sikorsky, "kev sib koom ua tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Poob yuav tsum rov qab mus rau nws lub hom phiaj qub - txhawm rau hem Russia." Polish Txawv Teb Chaws Minister Grzegorz Schetyna kwv yees lub luag haujlwm zoo sib xws rau Ukraine. Nws piv cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm Poland thiab Ukraine nrog kev sib raug zoo ntawm Western European lub tebchaws nrog lawv yav dhau los cov neeg nyob hauv Africa. "Tham nrog Ukraine tsis muaj Poland yog zoo li daws teeb meem ntawm Libya, Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco yam tsis muaj kev koom tes ntawm Fab Kis, Italians, Spaniards," lub taub hau ntawm Polish Txawv Teb Chaws Ministry tau hais.
Yog li, lub hom phiaj qub gentry tseem tsis tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov taub hau Polish. Kev tuag ntawm Thawj thiab Thib Ob Tebchaws Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, uas rhuav tshem txoj kev ntshaw, kev khav theeb ntau dhau thiab kev ntshaw ntawm cov neeg Polish "cov neeg tseem ceeb", twb tau hnov qab lawm. Hauv kev cuam tshuam nrog "Ukrainian npuaj teg" zoo siab khav theeb Polish lords rov pom lawv tus kheej li "civilized colonialists." Keeb kwm rov ua nws tus kheej ntawm theem keeb kwm tshiab. Txawm li cas los xij, dig muag los ntawm cov lus dab neeg ntawm "Lavxias kev hem thawj", keeb kwm kev tsis txaus siab tawm tsam Russia thiab cov neeg thov rov kho dua tshiab, Warsaw tsis nco qab qhov kev sim ua yav dhau los los kho cov neeg Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth tau xaus ntawm hiav txwv mus rau hiav txwv.
Tsim Kev Koom Txoos Thib Ob
Kev sib tsoo ntawm Lavxias Lub Tebchaws thiab kev swb ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tau tso cai rau Tub Rog, nrog kev txhawb nqa los ntawm Entente, kom rov tsim lawv lub xeev. Cov Lus Cog Tseg ntawm Versailles xyoo 1919 pauv mus rau Poland feem ntau ntawm German xeev Posen, ntxiv rau ib feem ntawm Pomerania. Poland tau nkag mus rau Hiav Txwv Baltic. Muaj tseeb tiag, Danzig (Gdansk) tsis dhau los ua ib feem ntawm Poland, tab sis tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm "nroog dawb". Ib qho ntxiv, thaum lub sij hawm ua kev tawm tsam Polish, ib feem ntawm Silesia muab rau Poland.
Los ntawm qhov pib ntawm kev tsim Lub Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob-Lithuanian Commonwealth, nws tau tsom mus rau kev tawm tsam nrog Russia. Tsis muaj ciam teb meej nyob rau sab hnub tuaj thaum ntawd. Hauv Me Me Russia, cov neeg hauv tebchaws Ukrainian tau sim siv lub zog los ntawm lawv tus kheej tes. Yog li, qhov kawg ntawm Lub Kaum Hli 1918, Ukrainian nationalists ntes Lviv. Cov tub rog, uas thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th suav txog li 40% ntawm cov pejxeem hauv cheeb tsam Lviv, tau ua tub rog tiv thaiv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tub rog Polish nyob Przemysl, Romanians - ib feem ntawm Bukovina, thiab Transcarpathia tseem nyob nrog Hungary. Thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis, Cov Tub Ceev Xwm tau tsav tsheb haiv neeg Ukrainian tawm ntawm Lviv thiab txuas ntxiv lawv qhov kev tawm tsam. Nyob rau theem no, tsoomfwv Bolshevik tsis koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua no, muaj ntau yam teeb meem ntxiv. Ntawm qhov tod tes, Fab Kis, nco txog nws txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog Poland, tau xa 60,000 tus tub rog los pab tsoomfwv Józef Pilsudski. pab tub rog ntawm Joseph Gallen. Cov tub rog hauv pab tub rog no feem ntau yog Poles, thiab cov tub ceev xwm yog neeg Fab Kis. Cov tub rog tau nruab nrog Fabkis cov riam phom. Paris tau npaj yuav siv Tus Tsov los tua cov Bolsheviks. Txawm li cas los xij, Pilsudski xub txiav txim siab daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev nkag mus rau Hiav Txwv Dub. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1919, cov tub rog Polish tsoo lub West Ukrainian People's Republic (ZUNR). Thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1919, cov tub rog Polish hla tus Dej Zbruch thiab nkag mus rau Sab Hnub Tuaj Me Russia.
Nws nyuaj heev rau Soviet Russia tom qab ntawd los tawm tsam kev ua phem ntawm Poland. Cov koom pheej Soviet tsis muaj pab tub rog li niaj zaus, txij li thaum tsarist pab tub rog twb swb lawm. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1918, lub hauv paus chaw ntawm Sab Hnub Poob ntawm daim ntaub thaiv tau tsim, nws yuav tsum tiv thaiv ciam teb sab hnub poob ntawm Soviet Russia. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau rov teeb tsa ib pab pawg hom kev tsim ua ib pab tub rog tsis tu ncua. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Western Defense District tau tsim nrog lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm hauv Smolensk, uas tau hloov pauv sai sai rau Western Army.
Tus thawj tswj hwm Pilsudski yog tus txiv neej ntse tshaj tawm tshaj tawm txog kev rov txhim kho Tebchaws nyob hauv nws yav dhau los ciam teb. Nws tshaj tawm tib lub tswv yim zais, tso rau pem hauv ntej txoj phiaj xwm los tsim kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov xeev tsim nyob rau thaj tsam sab hnub poob ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws (txog rau Tiflis). Tus thawj coj hauv koomhaum koomhaum no, ib txwm, yuav tsum yog Poland. Qhov tseeb, cov kws lij choj Polish niaj hnub no txhawb nqa tib lub tswv yim - Ukraine txoj kev koom ua ke European yuav tsum muaj nyob hauv kev coj ntawm Poland.
Moscow nkag siab tias kev sib tsoo yog qhov tsis yooj yim sua. Cov tub rog sab hnub poob pib txav mus. Muaj tseeb, thaum pib nws nyuaj rau hu nws ua "pab tub rog" - tsuas yog 10 txhiab tus mos txwv nrog rab phom kaum ob (tus tiv thaiv ciam teb, Pskov faib, faib phom thib 17 - nws suav nrog Vitebsk thiab Smolensk kev faib). Kev tawm tsam ntawm Western Army thaum kawg ntawm 1918 tau ua rau tsis muaj kev tawm tsam ntau, tab sis raws li cov tub rog nce mus rau sab hnub poob, kev tawm tsam ntawm Poles tau nce.
Soviet-Polish tsov rog
Moscow tau sim sib tham nrog Warsaw. Ua ntej, dhau los ntawm Lavxias Red Cross. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm kev txiav txim los ntawm tsoomfwv Polish thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1919, Red Cross tus sawv cev raug tua. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis xyoo 1919, Lenin tau thov tsim kom muaj tebchaws Lithuanian-Belarusian Republic (Litbel). Litbel tsoomfwv tau caw Poland los nkag rau hauv kev sib tham ntawm kev tsim kom muaj ciam teb ib txwm muaj. Tab sis Pilsudski kuj tsis quav ntsej txog qhov kev pom zoo no.
Tom qab daws qhov xwm txheej ntawm ciam teb nrog Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Cov Tub Rog tau muaj peev xwm hloov tau cov tub rog ntxiv mus rau sab hnub tuaj. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1919, cov tub rog Polish nyob hauv Slonim thiab Pinsk. Nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis, Pilsudski tau thov rau tsoomfwv haiv neeg ntawm Lithuania kom rov txhim kho pab pawg Polish-Lithuanian, tab sis raug tsis pom zoo. Yog li ntawd, thaum cov tub rog Polish tsav tsheb Reds tawm ntawm Vilna, thaj av uas nyob hauv tau poob rau hauv kev txiav txim ntawm Poland. Tom qab ntawd, muaj qhov ua siab ntev nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm Soviet-Polish. Nws tau tshwm sim los ntawm teeb meem sab hauv thiab sab nraud ntawm Poland thiab Soviet Russia. Soviet Russia tau tawm tsam hauv lub nplhaib ntawm cov tub rog dawb ntawm Denikin, Kolchak, Yudenich thiab Miller. Pilsudski tau ntshai me ntsis los ntawm Denikin txoj kev taug mus rau Moscow, qhov dav dav dawb no, tsis zoo li ntau lwm tus neeg tham tsis tau, qhov tseeb sawv rau "koom siab thiab tsis cais" Russia. Cov tub rog lawv tus kheej nyob rau sab hnub poob ntsib cov neeg German, thiab hauv Galicia nrog cov haiv neeg Ukrainian. Kev sau qoob tsis zoo hauv tebchaws Poland nws tus kheej tsis ntxiv kev ntseeg siab. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 1919, cov neeg ntxeev siab tawm tsam hauv Silesia. Cov tub rog Polish tau tshem tawm qhov kev tsis txaus ntseeg, tab sis kev nruj nyob hauv Silesia.
Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1919, Entente lub zog tshaj tawm Cov Lus Tshaj Tawm ntawm Txoj Cai Sab Nraud Sab Hnub Poob ntawm Tebchaws Poland. Cov ciam teb yuav tsum yog kab ntawm cov neeg ntawm haiv neeg Polish los ntawm East Prussia mus rau yav dhau los Lavxias-Austrian ciam teb ntawm Kab. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 22, 1919, tsoomfwv Soviet tau rov thov dua rau Warsaw kom pib sib tham sai sai kom xaus "kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb thiab nyob mus ib txhis." Txawm li cas los xij, Warsaw tseem nyob ntsiag to, nws tsis xav tau kev thaj yeeb.
Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 2, 1920, Moscow rov hais dua nws qhov kev thov kom xaus kev thaj yeeb. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 22, Soviet Ukraine tau xa tib lub tswv yim. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 6, qhov kev thaj yeeb tau rov hais dua. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias Entente lub zog nyob rau lub sijhawm no twb tau tso tseg lub tswv yim ntawm kev cuam tshuam hauv Russia, nws ua tsis tiav. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1920, Askiv tau ceeb toom rau Poland tias nws tsis tuaj yeem pom zoo txoj cai ua tsov rog rau Warsaw, txij li Russia tsis muaj kev hem thawj rau Europe ntxiv lawm. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 24, Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev Siab ntawm Entente tshaj tawm tias yog tsoomfwv Polish tau thov ntau dhau rau Moscow, Entente yuav tsis pab nws yog tias Russia tso tseg kev thaj yeeb. Yog li, Western lub zog tau ntxuav lawv txhais tes, tsis xav koom nrog kev ua tsov rog tshiab nyob rau sab hnub tuaj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv tau nqa riam phom loj. Kev tsis kam ntawm Western lub zog los cuam tshuam hauv kev ua tsov rog tsis tau tso tseg Poland.
Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, tsoomfwv Soviet tau muaj peev xwm kov yeej ntau lub tebchaws Russia. Cov Tub Rog Liab yeej swb yeej pab tub rog Kolchak thiab Denikin. Admiral Kolchak raug tua. Denikin tso nws cov lus txib thiab mus rau Tebchaws Europe. Cov seem ntawm pab tub rog dawb nyob rau hauv kev hais kom ua ntawm Wrangel tau nkag mus rau hauv Crimea. Kev thaj yeeb tau kos npe nrog tsoomfwv Estonian, thiab kev ua siab ntev nrog Latvia kuj tau xaus.
Kev hais lus tsis ntev tas los. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1920, cov tub rog Polish tau pib tawm tsam. Thaum lub lull, tag nrho cov peev txheej tau mob siab rau txhawb pab tub rog. Yog tias xyoo 1918 cov tub rog Polish suav nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb, tom qab ntawd thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1919 thawj qhov yuav tsum tau sau npe ntawm cov tub hluas uas yug xyoo 1899 tau tshaj tawm. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1919, Sejm qhia txog kev ua tub rog thoob ntiaj teb thiab tshaj tawm kev sau npe ntawm tsib lub hnub nyoog - 1896-1901. yug. Ib feem ntawm Gallen cov tub rog (tsib ntu) tuaj ntawm Fabkis. Tom qab kev swb ntawm Denikin cov tub rog hauv tebchaws Poland, kev faib ntawm General Zheligovsky tau hloov pauv los ntawm Kuban (nws tau tsim los ntawm Tus Kheej). Raws li qhov tshwm sim, los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1920, tau tsim lub nrig nrig uas muaj zog heev: 21 kev sib faib tub rog thiab 2 pab tub rog, 6 pab tub rog tub rog, 3 cais cov tub rog sib ntaus sib tua, 21 cov tub rog siv phom loj thiab 21 cov tub rog sib ntaus hnyav (tag nrho ntawm 189 daim teb thiab 63 roj teeb hnyav). Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1920, cov tub rog Polish suav txog 738 txhiab tus mos txwv thiab sabers.
Thaum pib ntawm lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1920, thaum Red Army tau tawm tsam, kev sau npe ntawm cov tub hluas hauv 1895-1902 tau tshaj tawm hauv tebchaws Poland. yug, thaum Lub Xya Hli - 1890-1894, thaum lub Cuaj Hli - 1885-1889. Tib lub sijhawm, thaum lub Cuaj hlis 1920, lawv pib tsim pab tub rog tuaj pab dawb. Yog li, thaum lub sijhawm sib ntaus sib tua nyuaj tshaj plaws, Poland tau hu rau 16 pawg hnub nyoog, sib sau kwv yees li 30 txhiab tus neeg tuaj yeem pab dawb, nqa tag nrho pab tub rog mus txog 1.2 lab tus tib neeg. Kev ua tub rog ntawm cov tub rog Polish yog muaj ntau haiv neeg. Feem ntau ntawm cov riam phom tau los ntawm Lavxias, German thiab Austro-Hungarian cov tub rog. Ib qho ntxiv, thaum kawg xyoo 1919 - pib xyoo 1920, kev xa riam phom tau ua los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, Askiv thiab Fabkis. Yog li ntawd, lub sijhawm ntawd, yuav luag 1,500 rab phom, 2,800 rab phom tshuab, 385,500 phom, 42,000 rab phom, 200 lub tsheb tiv thaiv tub rog, 576 lab lub mos txwv, 10 lab lub plhaub, 3 lab cov khaub ncaws, khoom siv sib txuas lus, tshuaj tau xa mus rau Poland., Khau, Lwm yam. Raws li ib feem ntawm Gallen pab tub rog, uas tuaj txog ntawm Fabkis, Poland tseem tau txais thawj lub tank tsim - lub tank tso tub rog (120 lub teeb Fabkis tso tsheb hlau luam).
Polish 1st Tank Regiment ze Daugavpils
Cov tub rog Polish tau tawm tsam los ntawm Sab Hnub Poob thiab Sab Qab Teb Hnub Poob ntawm Red Army. Txog lub Plaub Hlis 1, 1920, Sab Hnub Poob muaj ntau dua 62 txhiab tus mos txwv thiab saber nrog 394 rab phom thiab 1567 rab phom tshuab. Hauv Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob muaj 28, 5 txhiab tus neeg nrog 321 rab phom thiab 1585 rab phom tshuab.
Nyob rau nruab nrab Lub Ob Hlis 1920, tus thawj coj ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm Shaposhnikov, hauv nws daim ntawv tshaj tawm, tau sau tseg qhov kev sib tw ntawm phiaj xwm yav tom ntej ntawm kev ua tub rog tiv thaiv Poland. Tebchaws Poland tau txheeb xyuas tias yog Russia tus yeeb ncuab, nrog rau, tejzaum nws, Latvia thiab Lithuania, yog Poland txiav txim siab Vilna qhov teebmeem hauv kev nyiam ntawm Lithuanians. Hais txog Romania, nws ntseeg tias nws yuav tsis ua, vim nws twb tau txiav txim siab qhov teeb meem ntawm Bessarabia hauv nws txoj kev nyiam. Shaposhnikov ntseeg tias lub tsev ua yeeb yam tseem ceeb yuav yog thaj tsam sab qaum teb ntawm Polesie. Qhov tseeb, ntawm no kev swb ntawm pab tub rog Soviet tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam los ntawm cov tub rog Polish ntawm Smolensk thiab Moscow, thiab thaum tsis ua haujlwm ntawm Poles, Cov Tub Rog Liab tuaj yeem txav mus rau Warsaw.
Txawm li cas los xij, Pilsudski txiav txim siab tawm tsam Ukraine (Me Russia). Nws lub hom phiaj tsis yog qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm Red Army, tab sis kev ntes Me Russia thiab tsim "Greater Poland" nyob hauv keeb kwm ciam teb ntawm Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth xyoo 1772. Raws li Pilsudski nws tus kheej tau sau tseg: "Kaw hauv ciam teb ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, txiav tawm ntawm Dub thiab Baltic Seas, tsis muaj av thiab cov khoom siv fossil ntawm Sab Qab Teb thiab Sab Qab Teb Hnub Tuaj, Russia tuaj yeem yooj yim mus rau hauv lub xeev ntawm qib thib ob lub zog, tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam loj heev rau Poland txoj kev ywj pheej uas tau txais tshiab. Poland, raws li qhov loj tshaj plaws thiab muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm cov xeev tshiab, tuaj yeem yooj yim ruaj ntseg thaj chaw ntawm nws tus kheej, uas yuav ncab los ntawm Finland mus rau Caucasus Toj siab. "Pilsudski xav tau lub yeeb koob, muaj peev xwm ua rau Polish lub kaus mom (muaj cov lus xaiv tsis tu ncua hauv Warsaw tias cov neeg tswj hwm Polish xav ua huab tais), thiab Poland - rau Sab Hnub Poob Lavxias thaj av thiab khob cij.
Jozef Pilsudski hauv Minsk. 1919
Tom qab ua tsov rog, cov kws sau keeb kwm Polish rov pib sau keeb kwm thiab ua pov thawj tias Bolsheviks tsis txaus ntseeg los ntawm Ukraine xav tawm tsam Poland. Qhov tseeb, tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj Tub Rog Tawm Tsam, Trotsky, thiab tus thawj coj-thawj, Kamenev, tau mus thawj zaug yeej Wrangel cov tub rog dawb thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd koom nrog Poland. Kamenev thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1920 hais rau tus thawj coj ntawm Sab Qab Teb Hnub Poob tias kev ua haujlwm txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau Crimea yog qhov muaj feem thib, thiab nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg txhua lub zog ntawm lub hauv ntej rau nws, tsis hais txog kev ua kom muaj zog ntawm Polish li cas. Ib qho ntxiv, tom qab ntawm Red Army tsis ruaj khov. Ib nthwv dej ntawm pawg tub rog loj tau hla mus rau sab qab teb hnub poob ntawm Russia. Me Russia tau dhau los nrog riam phom uas tseem tshuav los ntawm tsarist, German, Austro-Hungarian, Petliura, Cov tub rog Dawb thiab Liab. Ntau txhiab leej neeg raug txiav tawm ntawm lub neej nyob kaj siab lug, txiav tawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm, thiab nyob hauv kev ua tub sab. Txhua yam ntawm "kev nom tswv" thiab tsuas yog tub sab npau taws.
Thaum lub Ib Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1920, cov tub rog ntawm Edward Rydz-Smigly coj Dvinsk. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis, Cov Tub Rog tau pib ua phem rau hauv Belarus, ntes Mozyr thiab Kalinkovichi. Thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 25, 1920, Cov tub rog Polish tau tawm tsam txoj haujlwm ntawm Pawg Tub Rog liab raws tag nrho cov ciam teb ntawm Ukraine. Txoj hauj lwm ntawm Soviet pab tub rog tau ua phem zuj zus los ntawm kev sib ntaus ntawm Pawg Tub Rog thib 2 thiab thib 3. Cov neeg txawj ntse Polish tau ua txoj haujlwm zoo hauv cov chav no. Kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv Soviet ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm ob pab tub rog tau coj mus rau qhov qhib kev tawm tsam. Qhov kev hloov pauv no tau rhuav tshem tag nrho pab pawg ntawm Uborevich's 14th Army. Cov tub rog thiab faib nyiaj tshwj xeeb ntawm 14th thiab ib nrab ntawm cov tub rog thib 12 yuav tsum daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tshem tawm kev tawm tsam thiab rov ua kom muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm sab xub ntiag. Qhov no tau pab txhawb kom sai sai ntawm cov tub rog Polish. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob tom qab, muaj ntau yam kev ua phem rau tub sab, suav nrog cov neeg nyiam kev ywj pheej, tau qhib.
Twb tau nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis 26, feem ntau ntawm Pawg Tub Rog 12 tau poob kev sib cuag nrog cov tub rog lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 27, Pawg Tub Rog thib 12 cov lus txib thiab tswj hwm thaum kawg tau tawg. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 2, cov tub rog ntawm Red Army tau thim hla tus Dej Irpen. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 6, Soviet pab tub rog tawm hauv Kiev. Thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 8-9, Cov tub rog Polish tau ntes tus choj hla ntawm ntug dej sab laug ntawm Dnieper. Kev sim los ntawm pab tub rog thib 12 kom muab tus Povlauj pov rau hauv tus dej ntawd tsis ua tiav.
Cov tub rog Polish hauv Kiev
Kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav tau tshwm sim thaum lub Tsib Hlis 15-16. Cov phiaj xwm phiaj xwm nyob rau sab hnub poob sab hnub poob pib maj dhau mus rau hauv txhais tes ntawm Red Army. 1st Cavalry Army nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Semyon Budyonny tau pauv los ntawm Caucasus (ntau dua 16 txhiab sabers nrog 48 rab phom thiab 6 lub tsheb ciav hlau tiv thaiv). Cov tub rog liab tua yeej Makhno cov tub rog sib ntaus hauv Gulyaypole. Thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 26, tom qab kev tsom mus rau txhua chav nyob hauv Uman, Budyonny cov tub rog tau tawm tsam Kazatin. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 5, Budyonny cov koog tau tsoo los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab pem hauv ntej thiab nkag mus rau tom qab ntawm cov tub rog Polish, sai sai rau Berdichev thiab Zhitomir. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 10, Peb tus tub rog Polish thib peb ntawm Rydz-Smigly, txhawm rau zam kev nyob ib puag ncig, tawm hauv Kiev. Red Army nkag mus rau Kiev. Thaum lub Xya Hli pib, General Berbetsky cov tub rog tau tawm tsam kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog liab nyob ze Rovno, tab sis nws tau tawm tsam. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 10, Soviet chav nyob Rivne.
