Prague Uprising 5-9 Tsib Hlis 1945

Prague Uprising 5-9 Tsib Hlis 1945
Prague Uprising 5-9 Tsib Hlis 1945

Video: Prague Uprising 5-9 Tsib Hlis 1945

Video: Prague Uprising 5-9 Tsib Hlis 1945
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Prague Uprising 5-9 Tsib Hlis 1945
Prague Uprising 5-9 Tsib Hlis 1945

Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 5, 1945, kev tawm tsam ua tub rog pib hauv Prague tuav los ntawm Nazis. Cov pejxeem Czech thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm tub ceev xwm thiab cov tub rog ntawm Cov Tiv Thaiv ntawm Bohemia thiab Moravia tau txhawb los ntawm cov lus ceeb toom ntawm Soviet thiab Asmeskas cov tub rog mus txog ciam teb ntawm Czechoslovakia thiab txiav txim siab tsa kev tawm tsam.

Thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 4, hauv Prague, tsoomfwv Czech ntawm tus tiv thaiv, coj los ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm Emil Hacha (txij li xyoo 1939, tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Tus Saib Xyuas tau tsim los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv), ua tiav kev sib tham nrog Czech National Council ntawm kev hloov pauv lub hwj chim, uas tau pib rau lub Plaub Hlis 29, 1945. Czech National Council, coj los ntawm Albert Prazak, Ph. D. thiab tus xibfwb qhia ntawv Czech thiab Slovak ntawm University of Bratislava, yog los npaj kev xaiv tsa dav dav rau tsoomfwv tom qab ua tsov rog. Tsoomfwv Czech tau tshaj tawm tsab cai lij choj tshem tawm txoj haujlwm lus German. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias muaj cov neeg German tseem ceeb nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm tus tiv thaiv - ntau dua 3 lab tus tib neeg. Txog 200 txhiab tus neeg German nyob hauv lub peev ntawm Czech koom pheej ib leeg. Sudeten Germans (cov neeg nyob hauv Sudetenland), uas nyob hauv Bohemia, Moravia thiab Silesia rau ntau dua xya xyoo dhau los, tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm lub xeev Czech tsuas yog tom qab kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb uas tau xaus Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib. Txog rau xyoo 1918, Sudetenland, zoo li lwm thaj chaw ntawm Czech koom pheej (Bohemia), Moravia thiab Slovakia, yog ib feem ntawm ob lub tebchaws Austro-Hungarian Empire. Czechoslovakia tau tshwm sim tsuas yog tom qab Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib thiab nyob hauv ntau txoj hauv kev lub xeev dag tsim los ntawm lub siab nyiam ntawm Entente. Cov yeej yeej tsis lees paub Sudeten Germans txoj cai los txiav txim siab tus kheej hauv tebchaws, suav nrog lawv hauv Czechoslovakia.

Cov tub ceev xwm hauv tebchaws Czech tau tuav txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm Sudetenland, thiab cov neeg German raug ntiab tawm. Tsoomfwv Czech thiab kev tswj hwm tau muab kev nyiam rau lawv cov neeg txheeb ze, zoo li thaum lub ntiaj teb kev lag luam ntsoog thaum ntxov xyoo 1930s, thaj chaw uas cov neeg German nyob yog cov cuam tshuam ntau tshaj los ntawm kev poob haujlwm. Adolf Hitler, nrog kev txhawb nqa tag nrho ntawm lwm lub zog loj hauv Tebchaws Europe, xyoo 1938, raws li Kev Pom Zoo Munich, txuas nrog Sudetenland mus rau Peb Reich. Thiab nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1939, Czechoslovakia tau muab tshem tawm. Cov tub rog German tau tuav lub xeev thiab nkag mus rau Prague. Tsoomfwv German tau tsim Imperial Protectorate ntawm Bohemia thiab Moravia. Tus Saib Xyuas tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb rau Reich: txhua lub tank German thib peb, txhua lub tsheb thib plaub ntawm Cov Tub Rog German thiab txhua lub tshuab rab phom thib ob tau tsim los ntawm tus tiv thaiv kev lag luam. Thaum Tsov Rog Loj Patriotic, kev tiv thaiv los ntawm Czechs thiab Slovaks yog tsawg heev. Kev qhib ua haujlwm tsuas yog tshwm sim tom qab pom Soviet thiab Asmeskas rog nyob ze Czechoslovakia.

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Hmo ntuj ntawm Tsib Hlis 5, Prague tau txais xov xwm ntawm kev ntes lub nroog German los ntawm cov tub rog Soviet. Thaum sawv ntxov, Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws ntawm tsoomfwv Czech, Richard Bienert, tshaj tawm hauv Prague xov tooj cua hais txog kev tiv thaiv tus tiv thaiv thiab pib ntawm kev tawm tsam dav dav rau cov neeg nyob. Tsoomfwv lub taub hau tau hu xov tooj rau cov tub rog tiv thaiv thiab tub ceev xwm kom koom nrog cov neeg ntxeev siab, thiab cov tub rog German yuav tsum swb.

Hauv Prague, Czech National Council tau ua tus sawv cev ntawmKosice (lub sijhawm no lub nroog twb tau raug tso los ntawm Soviet pab tub rog) ntawm National Front of Czechoslovakia, coj los ntawm tus qub Ambassador ntawm Czechoslovakia rau Soviet Union, Social Democrat Zdenek Fierlinger. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias ob tus neeg Czech koom pheej thiab cov neeg nyiam tebchaws tau nyiam kev tawm tsam. Cov neeg nyob hauv tebchaws Czech, ntshai tsam muaj kev cuam tshuam kev nom kev tswv ntawm Soviet Union rau yav tom ntej ntawm Czech xeev thiab Czech kev tswjfwm, xav tsim txoj haujlwm ywj pheej rau tsoomfwv yav tom ntej ntawm lub tebchaws, tso Prague ntawm lawv tus kheej. Cov neeg hauv tebchaws tau suav nrog kev pab ntawm cov neeg Asmeskas - thaum pib lub Tsib Hlis 1945, cov tsev neeg Asmeskas siab tshaj yog 80 km ntawm Czech peev. Cov neeg tawm tsam xav tiv thaiv kev txeeb lub zog los ntawm cov neeg hauv tebchaws, thiab yog li ntawd tau tsa kev tawm tsam txhawm rau txhawm rau ua txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub tebchaws thaum cov tub rog Soviet tshwm sim.

Cov neeg Czechs hauv nroog tau pib rhuav tshem cov ntawv German, chij thiab dai chij Czechoslovak ntawm txoj kev. Hauv kev teb, tub ceev xwm German tau qhib tua cov neeg ntxeev siab, thiab Czech tub ceev xwm thiab tub rog, txhawb los ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm Cov Kuj thiab cov neeg tuaj yeem pab dawb, pib tua ntawm lawv cov npoj yaig yav dhau los. Prague qhov kev tawm tsam tau coj los ntawm General Karel Kutlvashr.

Cov neeg ntxeev siab (kwv yees li 30 txhiab tus tib neeg) tau txeeb lub hauv paus xov tooj cua, chaw xa ntawv, chaw tsim hluav taws xob, txuas hniav hla Vltava, cov chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau nrog echelons sawv ntawm qhov ntawd, suav nrog cov tsheb ciav hlau German, ntau lub tuam txhab loj thiab German lub hauv paus chaw tiv thaiv huab cua. Cov neeg ntxeev siab tuaj yeem tshem riam phom ntau yam German me me. Czech National Council tau pib sib tham nrog tus tswv xeev huab tais Karl Hermann Frank thiab lub nroog tus thawj coj, General Rudolf Tussain. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Pawg Sab Laj tsis tau hais kom tso cai sai sai ntawm cov tub rog German nyob ib puag ncig Prague (kwv yees li 40 txhiab tus tib neeg). Cov neeg ntxeev siab tau txhim tsa txog li 2 txhiab txoj kab thaiv hauv nroog.

Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias cov chaw ntawm Lavxias Kev Pabcuam Kev Nyab Xeeb (ROA) tau ua lub luag haujlwm loj hauv kev tawm tsam. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis ntxov, cov tub rog qub ntawm Czechoslovak pab tub rog, coj los ntawm General Karel Kutlvashr, tau sib tham nrog ROA, nrog tus thawj coj ntawm pawg thib 1, General Sergei Kuzmich Bunyachenko. Cov tub rog tso kev ywj pheej ntawm Russia taug kev mus rau sab hnub poob, xav kom swb rau cov neeg Asmeskas. Bunyachenko thiab nws cov thawj coj tau cia siab rau kev txhawb nqa ntawm Czechs, xav kom tau txais kev tso cai nyob hauv tebchaws Czechoslovakia, thiab thaum lub Tsib Hlis 4 tau pom zoo los txhawb kev tawm tsam. General Vlasov tsis ntseeg qhov ua tiav ntawm kev tawm tsam, tab sis tsis cuam tshuam nrog Bunyachenko. Tab sis twb tau nyob rau hmo ntuj ntawm 8th, feem ntau ntawm Vlasovites pib tawm hauv Czech peev, vim tias lawv tsis tau txais kev lees paub txog lawv cov phooj ywg xwm txheej.

Tom qab kev swb ntawm cov tub rog Berlin, Pawg Pabcuam Hauv Chaw (tau hais los ntawm Field Marshal Ferdinand Schörner) hauv Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Bohemia thiab Moravia thiab ib feem ntawm Pab Pawg Pab Pawg Austria (tus thawj coj Lothar Rendulich) txiav txim siab hla mus rau sab hnub poob kom swb rau cov neeg Asmeskas. Txhawm rau thim rov qab, lawv xav tau Prague, hla txoj kev thauj khoom tseem ceeb hla. Field Marshal Schörner tau xaj kom tshem tawm qhov kev tawm tsam.

Cov tso tsheb hlau luam German tau nkag mus rau hauv txoj kev ntawm Prague. Thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 6, Wehrmacht, siv cov tsheb ua rog, dav hlau thiab phom loj, tau ntes feem ntau ntawm Czech peev. Cov neeg ntxeev siab, ua tub rog feem ntau tsuas yog siv caj npab me me xwb, tsis tuaj yeem tuav rov qab kev ua phem ntawm Wehrmacht. Nyob rau tib hnub ntawd, ROA thib 1 faib (kwv yees li 18 txhiab tus neeg tua rog) tau coj ib sab ntawm cov neeg ntxeev siab Czechs. Bunyachenko cov tub rog tau tsav cov neeg German tawm ntawm sab hnub poob ntawm lub nroog. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 7, cov tub rog Lavxias tau hla tus dej Vltava thiab txiav cov yeeb ncuab txoj haujlwm ua ob ntu, coj Mount Petrshin thiab thaj tsam Kulishovitsy. Txog li 10 txhiab tus neeg German tau raug kaw. Tab sis Czech National Council, tom qab qee qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, ua tsaug rau Vlasovites thiab tsis kam pab ROA. Thaum yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Tsib Hlis 7, Vlasovites pib tawm mus rau sab hnub poob, tsuas yog qee tus neeg sib ntaus sib tua tseem nyob nrog cov neeg ntxeev siab Czech. Tom qab kev tawm ntawm Bunyachenko faib, Wehrmacht tau dhau los ua tus tswv ntawm qhov xwm txheej hauv Prague. Qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov neeg ntxeev siab hauv Czech peev tau hnyav zuj zus, Wehrmacht ua rau lub siab tawv tiv thaiv, cov neeg German tau mus rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub nroog, ib feem ntawm cov neeg ntxeev siab, ua rau ntshai, cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv. Cov Czechs tau ntsib kev tsis txaus ntawm riam phom thiab mos txwv. Feem ntau, nws yog qhov tseeb tias qhov kev tawm tsam tau raug rhuav tshem, yog tias tsis yog rau cov tsos ntawm Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam hauv Prague.

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Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 6, Asmeskas cov tub rog nyob hauv Plzen, Ceske Budujovice thiab Karlsbad. General Dwight David Eisenhower, tus thawj coj ntawm Tebchaws Asmeskas cov tub rog nyob hauv Europe, tau txwv tus thawj coj ntawm Asmeskas Tub Rog thib 3, General George Smith Patton, kom nce mus rau Prague.

Cov lus txib hauv tebchaws Soviet tau npaj yuav tawm tsam cov tub rog German thaum lub Tsib Hlis 7, tab sis Prague qhov kev tawm tsam yuam kev tawm tsam kom pib ua ntej, yam tsis tau ua tiav kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov rog. Cov tub rog ntawm 1st Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej tau txais kev xaj los ntawm Marshal Ivan Stepanovich Konev kom pib tawm tsam thaum sawv ntxov ntawm Tsib Hlis 6.

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Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 8, tus thawj coj ntawm Pab Pawg Pab Pawg German, Field Marshal Ferdinand Schörner, thaum kawm paub txog kev swb ntawm Peb Reich kos npe hauv Reims, yuam kom cov tub rog tawm hauv Prague thiab tawm mus rau thaj tsam Asmeskas. Cov lus txib German tau sib tham nrog Czech National Council, uas tau pom zoo tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev tshem tawm ntawm German chav los ntawm Bohemia. Tsuas yog qee qhov kev tsim SS tseem nyob hauv Czech peev (kwv yees li 6 txhiab tus tub rog - chav nyob ntawm 2nd SS Panzer Division "Reich", 5th SS Panzer Division "Viking" thiab 44th SS Panzer Division "Wallenstein", uas yog nyob rau theem ntawm kev tsim) coj los ntawm Karl von Pückler, uas txuas ntxiv kev sib ntaus.

Thaum sawv ntxov ntawm Tsib Hlis 9, cov chav ntawm 1st Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej nkag mus rau Czech peev thiab tshem tawm cov chaw kawg ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm SS pab tub rog. Thaum Prague Uprising thaum lub Tsib Hlis 5-9, 1945, kwv yees li 1,500 tus neeg ntxeev siab Czech, 300 tus tub rog ntawm 1st ROA Division, 1,000 tus tub rog German, thiab 4,000 tus neeg raug tua tuag hauv tebchaws Czech. Nyob sab nrauv ntawm Prague thiab hauv nroog nws tus kheej, Soviet pab tub rog poob txog ib txhiab tus tub rog. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 10, 1945, Czech National Council tau muab lub zog hauv Czech peev mus rau National Front ntawm Czechoslovakia.

Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias kev dim ntawm Czechoslovakia tau nrog kev ua phem los ntawm cov neeg Czechs tawm tsam cov neeg German - cov pej xeem pej xeem, suav nrog poj niam thiab menyuam yaus. Cov tub ceev xwm tshiab ntawm Czech koom pheej txiav txim siab "ntxuav los ntawm cov neeg German" Prague, thiab tom qab ntawd tag nrho lub tebchaws. Kev tua neeg, kev thab plaub, raug ntaus, raug ntes yam tsis raug cai, thiab kev ua phem ua qias yog ib txwm muaj. Hauv ntau qhov chaw, kev tua neeg coob ntawm cov neeg German tau tshwm sim. Muaj pov thawj pom tias tsuas yog thawj ob lub lis piam tom qab pib kev tawm tsam hauv Prague, los ntawm 35 txog 40 txhiab tus neeg Germans raug tua. Lub tebchaws Czech tau raug ntes los ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws tiag, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev coj ntawm Czech kev coj noj coj ua. Cov neeg German raug ntxub ntxaug, thiab tom qab ntawd ntau dua 3 lab tus tib neeg raug ntiab tawm ntawm Czechoslovakia.

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Ib tug ntxhais Czech ua si nrog tub rog Soviet.

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Cov neeg nyob hauv Prague ntsib Marshal ntawm Soviet Union I. S. Konev.

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Cov tub rog Soviet thiab cov neeg nyob hauv Prague.

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Cov neeg nyob hauv Prague tau txais tos lub tsheb nrog cov tub rog Soviet.

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