Qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws Lavxias "legionnaire". Rodion Malinovsky, tus kws tshaj lij

Cov txheej txheem:

Qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws Lavxias "legionnaire". Rodion Malinovsky, tus kws tshaj lij
Qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws Lavxias "legionnaire". Rodion Malinovsky, tus kws tshaj lij

Video: Qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws Lavxias "legionnaire". Rodion Malinovsky, tus kws tshaj lij

Video: Qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws Lavxias
Video: Tshuaj theem vim li cas thiaj tau nqi ?/ Siv kho mob dab tsi?/paris polyphylla use for? 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim
Qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws Lavxias "legionnaire". Rodion Malinovsky, tus kws tshaj lij
Qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws Lavxias "legionnaire". Rodion Malinovsky, tus kws tshaj lij

Hauv kab lus "Tus neeg nto moo tshaj plaws Lavxias" kawm tiav "ntawm Fab Kis Txawv Tebchaws Txawv Tebchaws. Zinovy Peshkov "peb tau hais txog txoj hmoo ntawm godson ntawm AM Gorky, uas nws lub neej kaj thiab muaj kev lom zem Louis Aragon hu ua" ib qho ntawm cov ntawv sau coj txawv txawv ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis paub qab hau no. " Tam sim no cia peb tham nrog Rodion Yakovlevich Malinovsky, uas, tom qab rov qab los tsev tom qab ua haujlwm hauv Fabkis, dhau los ua Marshal, ob zaug Hero ntawm Soviet Union thiab Minister of Defense ntawm USSR.

Rodion Malinovsky hauv Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1

Rodion Malinovsky yog tus menyuam tsis raug cai yug hauv Odessa thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 22, 1898. Malinovsky nws tus kheej ib txwm sau rau hauv nws cov lus nug: "Kuv tsis paub kuv txiv". Cia peb ntseeg peb tus phab ej thiab yuav tsis nkim sijhawm rau txhua yam lus xaiv txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm nws yug los.

Duab
Duab

Xyoo 1914, ib tug tub hluas hnub nyoog 16 xyoo tau khiav mus rau pem hauv ntej thiab suav tias yog xyoo ntxiv rau nws tus kheej, ua tiav kev tso npe ua tus nqa cov cartridges hauv pab pawg siv phom tshuab ntawm 256th Elisavetgrad Infantry Regiment, tom qab ntawd dhau los ua lub tshuab phom hnyav thiab tus thawj coj phom tshuab.

Duab
Duab

Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias rab phom tshuab tau txiav txim siab nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd yuav luag yog lub zog muaj zog, pab pawg siv phom tshuab tau nyob hauv tus as khauj tshwj xeeb, thiab txoj haujlwm ntawm tus thawj coj rab phom tshuab tau muaj koob meej. Thiab tsis muaj leej twg xav tsis thoob los ntawm kab lus ntawm zaj paj huam nto moo los ntawm Yauxej Ballock (uas feem ntau suav nrog Kipling):

Muaj lus teb meej rau txhua nqe lus nug:

Peb muaj qhov kawg, lawv tsis muaj nws."

Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1915, rau kev tua cov tub rog, nws tau txais qib ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm (raws li cov neeg tim khawv pom, nws tau rhuav tshem txog 50 tus tub rog yeeb ncuab) thiab St. George's Cross, qib IV, thaum Lub Kaum Hli ntawm tib lub xyoo nws tau raug mob hnyav. Tom qab rov zoo, nws tau xaus rau Fabkis uas yog ib feem ntawm pawg tub rog thib 1 ntawm Tsoom Fwv Tsav Tebchaws Lavxias.

Duab
Duab

Nco qab tias thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Kawg, plaub pab tub rog ntawm Lavxias Kev Tawm Tsam Tawm Tsam Tawm Tsam Sab Nraud Russia: Thawj thiab Thib Peb tau tawm tsam Sab Hnub Poob hauv Fab Kis, Thib Ob thiab Thib Ob ntawm Thessaloniki pem hauv ntej.

Duab
Duab
Duab
Duab

Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1917, thaum "Nivelle Offensive" nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub fort, Brimont Malinovsky tau raug mob hnyav, tom qab ntawd nws txhais caj npab yuav luag tag, thiab yuav tsum tau kho ntev.

Duab
Duab

Nws tsis koom nrog kev tawm tsam lub Cuaj Hli ntawm nws pab tub rog nyob hauv La Courtine lub yeej rog (nws tau hais nyob hauv kab lus "Lavxias pab dawb ntawm Fab Kis Tebchaws Txawv Tebchaws Txawv Tebchaws"), vim tias nws nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd hauv tsev kho mob. Ntsib nrog qhov teeb meem ntawm kev koom nrog Pab Pawg Txawv Tebchaws lossis raug ntiab tawm mus rau North Africa, nws tau xaiv cov tub rog. Tab sis leej twg?

Legionary

Txij Lub Ib Hlis txog Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1918, Rodion Malinovsky tau tawm tsam hauv qhov hu ua "Lavxias Legion of Honour", uas yog ib feem ntawm pawg neeg Moroccan nto moo: nws tau pib ua tus thawj coj phom tshuab, tau nce mus rau qib ntawm tub ceev xwm, tau txais txiaj ntsig Fabkis txoj kev xaj "Croix tsib Guer".

Duab
Duab

Cov lus nug tseem muaj teeb meem: Puas yog Lavxias Legion of Honour yog ib feem ntawm Fabkis Txoj Cai Txawv Tebchaws? Puas yog nws yog chav sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Moroccan faib (uas suav nrog chav nyob ntawm Cov Neeg Txawv Tebchaws Txawv Tebchaws, Zouaves, Tyraliers thiab Spahi)? Cov kws sau ntawv sib txawv teb lo lus nug no hauv ntau txoj kev. Qee leej ntseeg tias Lavxias legion tau koom nrog Zouavsky (!) Regiment ntawm Moroccan faib. Ntawd yog, raws li txoj cai, Rodion Malinovsky yog Zouave tau ntau lub hlis! Tab sis qhov twg, tom qab ntawd, yog Zouave lub tsho, khaub ncaws harem thiab fez hauv daim duab hauv qab no?

Duab
Duab

Qhov tseeb yog tias rov qab rau xyoo 1915, cov duab ntawm Zouaves tau hloov pauv qhov tseem ceeb: lawv tau hnav khaub ncaws zoo ib yam ntawm mustard xim lossis khaki.

Duab
Duab

Tab sis ntawm Marseilles daim duab ntawm "legion ntawm kev hwm" (saib nws dua), peb pom legionnaires hauv lub kaus mom dawb - mus rau ib sab ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias hla. Lawv yog leej twg? Tej zaum cov thawj coj?

Feem ntau, cov kev xav sib txawv, tab sis nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tom qab Russia tawm tsam kev ua tsov rog, cov phoojywg tsis ntseeg cov neeg Lavxias (kom tso nws me me), lawv tsis xav txog lawv tag nrho cov koom tes, thiab yog li nws tsis meej uas sawv cev "Legion of Honor" tsis tuaj yeem yog chav nyob ywj pheej. Ntxiv mus, Fab Kis tsis hu qhov kev cais tawm no yog Lavxias (lossis Lavxias) lossis "legion of honour." Rau lawv, nws yog "legion ntawm Lavxias pab dawb" (Legion Russe des volontaires): koj yuav tsum pom zoo, "Lavxias" yog ib yam, tab sis "Lavxias pab dawb" yog lwm qhov, qhov sib txawv loj heev. Tab sis puas yog Lavxias "tuaj yeem pab dawb" Zouaves lossis legionnaires?

Raws li Fab Kis txoj cai lij choj, cov neeg tuaj pab dawb txawv teb chaws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua hauv pab tub rog ntawm lub tebchaws no. Tom qab Russia tawm tsam kev ua tsov rog, cov tub rog thiab cov tub ceev xwm ntawm pab tub rog ntawm Lavxias Kev Ncaj Ncees tau dhau los ua neeg xam xaj ntawm lub xeev txawv tebchaws uas tsis muaj cai los tawm tsam ua ntej ua phoojywg. Yog li ntawd, cov tub rog no tau raug tshem tawm, thiab lawv cov tub rog, uas tsis kam lees ua nom tswv nyob rau hauv Pabcuam Txawv Tebchaws, tau raug xa mus rau tom qab cov kev pabcuam - txawm hais tias lawv xav tau ntau heev nyob rau pem hauv ntej. Cov tub rog Lavxias tuaj yeem pab dawb tsis tuaj yeem yog qhov tshwj xeeb - qhov no yog chav sib ntaus sib tua ntawm ib ntawm cov chav ntawm Fabkis pab tub rog. Tab sis leej twg?

Zouaves nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd yog cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm Fabkis cov tub rog, ua haujlwm hauv lawv cov tub rog tau suav tias yog kev hwm uas tseem yuav tsum tau txais. Thiab yog li ntawd, "legion ntawm Lavxias pab dawb" tsis tuaj yeem yog Zuava. Logic thawb peb mus rau qhov xaus tias chav no yog, tom qab tag nrho, "chav sib ntaus sib tua hauv tebchaws" ntawm Cov Neeg Txawv Tebchaws Txawv Tebchaws - zoo li cov tub rog Circassian ntawm Levant, uas tau piav qhia hauv kab lus "Lavxias pab dawb ntawm Fab Kis Txawv Tebchaws Txawv Tebchaws".

Nrog rau Moroccan kev faib, Lavxias cov tub rog sib ntaus hauv Lorraine, Alsace, Saar, tom qab qhov xaus ntawm Kev Ua Phem ntawm Compiegne thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1918, lawv yog ib feem ntawm cov koomhaum koom ua rog hauv nroog Worms (sab qab teb sab hnub poob Tebchaws Yelemees).

Rov los txog tsev

Xyoo 1919, txhawm rau rov qab mus rau Russia, Malinovsky koom nrog Lavxias tshem tawm kev huv huv, uas nws tau tawm tam sim thaum tuaj txog hauv Vladivostok. Hauv Siberia, nws tau raug kaw los ntawm "liab liab" leej twg, nrhiav lus xaj Fabkis thiab ntawv ua lwm yam lus nrog nws, yuav luag tua nws ua neeg soj xyuas. Tab sis, hmoov zoo, ib txwm nyob hauv Odessa tau nyob hauv qhov kev tshem tawm no. Tom qab ua qhov "kuaj mob", nws tau lees paub txhua tus tias tus neeg raug kaw tsis tau dag, nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lawv yog haiv neeg ntawm Odessa.

Mus txog Omsk, Malinovsky koom nrog 27th Pawg Tub Rog Liab, tawm tsam Kolchak cov tub rog: thaum xub thawj nws tau hais kom ua tub rog, nce mus rau qib ua tub rog.

Duab
Duab

Tom qab Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Zaum Kawg, nws tau kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv rau cov tub ceev xwm hais kom ua haujlwm, thiab tom qab ntawd ntawm Frunze Military Academy. Xyoo 1926 nws tau koom nrog CPSU (b). Rau qee lub sijhawm nws yog tus thawj ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm pab tub rog tub rog, hais los ntawm Semyon Timoshenko, tus thawj tub rog yav tom ntej.

Xyoo 1937-1938. nyob rau hauv pseudonym colonel (colonel) Malino nyob hauv Spain, rau kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv Francoists nws tau txais ob qhov kev txiav txim - Lenin thiab Red Banner of the Battle, uas nyob rau hnub ntawd tsoomfwv Soviet tsis tau tawg hlo li.

Duab
Duab

Rov qab los ntawm Spain, Malinovsky qhia rau qee lub sijhawm ntawm Tsev Kawm Qib Siab Tub Rog.

Thaum Lub Rau Hli 1940 nws tau nce mus rau qib ntawm cov dav dav. Nws tau ntsib thaum pib ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Zoo Tshaj Plaws ua tus thawj coj ntawm 48th Rifle Corps, uas yog ib feem ntawm Odessa Military District.

Rodion Malinovsky thaum Tsov Rog Loj Patriotic

Twb tau nyob rau lub Yim Hli 1941, Malinovsky tau nyob hauv lub taub hau ntawm pab tub rog thib 6, thiab thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis, nrog rau qib ntawm tus thawj tub rog (muab rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 9), nws tau dhau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob. Nws pab tub rog, koom tes nrog Sab Qab Teb Hnub Poob (hais los ntawm F. Kostenko) thaum lub caij ntuj no xyoo 1942 (Lub Ib Hlis 18-31) tau ua haujlwm Barvenkovo-Lozovskaya ua phem.

Raws li txoj phiaj xwm ntawm Lub Hauv Paus, cov tub rog ntawm cov ntsej muag no tau tso Kharkov, Donbass thiab mus txog Dnieper ze Zaporozhye thiab Dnepropetrovsk.

Txoj haujlwm tau teeb tsa lub siab heev, tab sis lub zog los daws txhua txoj haujlwm tau hais meej tsis txaus.

Txoj haujlwm zoo dua yog nyob rau Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob, uas nws cov tub rog muaj ib thiab ib nrab qhov ua tau zoo tshaj cov yeeb ncuab hauv cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov tso tsheb hlau luam (uas, txawm li cas los xij, tsis meej txaus rau kev tawm tsam). Tab sis cov naj npawb ntawm cov phom loj yog peb zaug tsawg dua. Cov tub rog ntawm Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob tsis muaj qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb - ntawm ib qho ntawm qhov ntsuas. Nws tsis tuaj yeem nyob ib puag ncig thiab rhuav tshem cov tub rog German, tab sis lawv tau rov qab los ntawm Kharkov los ntawm 100 km. Ib qho ntxiv, cov khoom plig tseem ceeb tau raug ntes. Ntawm lawv yog 658 rab phom, 40 lub tsheb tso tsheb hlau luam thiab tsheb tiv thaiv tub rog, 843 phom tshuab, 331 phom, 6013 lub tsheb, 573 lub tsheb maus taus, 23 lub chaw xov tooj cua, 430 lub tsheb thauj khoom nrog cov mos txwv thiab cov tub rog thauj khoom, 8 echelons nrog ntau yam khoom siv hauv tsev, 24 chaw tub rog. Ntawm cov khoom plig yog 2,800 tus nees: yog, tsis zoo rau kev ntseeg tias Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II yog "tsov rog ntawm cov tshuab", Cov tub rog German tau siv nees ntau dua li thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Kawg - raws li cov cua ntsawj ntshab, tau kawg.

Duab
Duab

Kev tawm tsam tshiab ntawm Kharkov, pib los ntawm cov rog ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob (Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob xav tias yuav tsum muab txoj cai ncaj ncees ntawm cov tub rog ua ntej) thaum lub Tsib Hlis 18, 1942, raws li koj paub, tau xaus rau kev puas tsuaj.

Feem ntau, xyoo 1942 tau dhau los ua qhov nyuaj rau USSR: tseem muaj kev swb hauv Crimea, Thib Ob Shock Army tau tuag rau ntawm Volkhov Pem Hauv Ntej, tsis muaj kev vam meej hauv nruab nrab. Nyob rau sab qab teb, 4th Panzer Army ntawm Herman Goth tau mus txog Voronezh, ntawm txoj kev uas yog kev xyaum xyaum ntaus rog ntawm Stalingrad nthuav tawm (thiab sab laug-sab hnub poob ntawm lub nroog tseem nyob nrog cov tub rog Soviet). Los ntawm qhov ntawd cov neeg German tig mus rau sab qab teb mus rau Rostov, uas tau coj mus txog thaum 5 teev sawv ntxov ntawm 25 Lub Xya Hli. Thiab 6th pab tub rog ntawm Paulus tau tsiv mus rau Stalingrad. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 28, Stalin tau kos npe rau daim ntawv xaj npe nrov 227 ("Tsis yog ib kauj ruam rov qab").

Rodion Malinovsky hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Stalingrad

Tom qab kev swb ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thiab lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1942, kev poob qis Malinovsky tau nyob hauv lub taub hau ntawm 66th Army, uas nyob rau lub Cuaj Hli-Kaum Hli tau tawm tsam Paulus cov tub rog sab qaum teb ntawm Stalingrad.

Lub caij no, Stalin, nco ntsoov tias nws yog Malinovsky uas tau ceeb toom txog kev hem thawj ntawm kev ncig ib puag ncig Rostov (thiab txawm tias thim cov tub rog tawm ntawm lub nroog no, tsis tau tos rau kev xaj xaj), thaum Lub Kaum Hli tau tsa nws tus thawj coj ntawm Voronezh Front. Tom qab ntawd Malinovsky tau nyob hauv lub taub hau ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Thib Ob, uas tsis tso cai rau kev thaiv ntawm Paulus cov tub rog nyob ib puag ncig hauv Stalingrad thiab ua lub luag haujlwm loj hauv qhov kev kov yeej kawg ntawm pab pawg German no.

Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 12, 1942, pab tub rog ntawm Colonel General Goth tau tsoo ntawm Stalingrad los ntawm Kotelnikov. Txog rau hnub tim 19, Cov Neeg German yuav luag tsoo dhau txoj haujlwm ntawm Soviet pab tub rog - thiab ntsib thib 2 ntawm Malinovsky Army. Kev sib ntaus sib tua uas yuav los txuas ntxiv mus txog lub Kaum Ob Hlis 25 thiab xaus nrog kev tawm ntawm cov tub rog German uas tau raug kev txom nyem hnyav rau lawv txoj haujlwm qub. Nws yog thaum ntawd cov xwm txheej tau piav qhia hauv phau ntawv tshiab Kub Snow los ntawm Y. Bondarev tau tshwm sim ze ntawm Verkhne-Kumsky ua liaj ua teb.

Duab
Duab

Malinovsky tau txais qhov Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Suvorov I qib rau kev ua thawj coj ntawm txoj haujlwm no (hu ua Kotelnikovskaya).

Txoj kev mus rau Sab Hnub Poob

Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 12, 1943, Rodion Malinovsky, twb yog tub ceev xwm-dav dav, tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj coj ntawm Yav Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob, uas tau tawm tsam ntau qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm pab tub rog ntawm pab tub rog German Pab Pawg Sab Qab Teb (nws tus yeeb ncuab ntawm no yog Field Marshal Manstein) thiab tso tawm. Rostov-rau-Don. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis ntawm tib lub xyoo, Malinovsky tau pauv mus rau Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob (yav tom ntej thib 3 ntawm Ukrainian), thiab thaum Lub Plaub Hlis nws tau nce mus rau General ntawm Cov Tub Rog. Tom qab ntawd, nws cov tub rog tau dim ntawm Donbass thiab yav qab teb Ukraine.

Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 10-14, 1943, nws tau coj kev ua phem hmo ntuj rau Zaporozhye (uas yog peb pab tub rog thiab ob pab tub rog tau koom nrog): 31 units ntawm Soviet Army txij li tau paub tias yog Zaporozhye.

Duab
Duab

Ntxiv mus, Malinovsky pab tub rog tau dim Odessa thiab Nikolaev (pib ntawm "Thib Peb Stalinist tawm tsam", uas tau xaus nrog kev tso tawm ntawm Crimea). Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1944, Malinovsky tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj coj ntawm 2nd Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej, hauv txoj haujlwm no nws tseem nyob mus txog thaum kawg ntawm kev tawm tsam hauv Tebchaws Europe.

Duab
Duab

Xya Stalinist tawm tsam

Lub Yim Hli 20, 1944, 2nd Ukrainian Front, txib los ntawm Malinovsky, thiab thib 3 Ukrainian (hais los ntawm F. Tolbukhin) tau pib ua haujlwm Jassy-Kishinev-qee zaum hu ua "Seventh Stalinist strike", nrog rau "Jassy-Kishinev" Cannes "cov.

Txog Lub Yim Hli 23, Vaj Ntxwv Mihai Kuv thiab cov neeg tswj hwm kev xav hauv Bucharest tau paub txog qhov kev puas tsuaj loj npaum li cas. Tus Thawj Coj (thiab tus thawj tswj hwm) Yon Antonescu thiab nws cov thawj coj ncaj ncees raug ntes, tsoomfwv Romanian tshiab tshaj tawm nws tshem tawm ntawm kev ua tsov rog thiab thov kom lub tebchaws Yelemes tshem nws cov tub rog tawm hauv lub tebchaws. Cov lus teb yog tam sim: thaum Lub Yim Hli 24, Lub dav hlau German tau tawm tsam Bucharest, cov tub rog German tau pib tuav lub tebchaws.

Tau tshaj tawm kev ua tsov ua rog rau tebchaws Yelemes, cov tub ceev xwm tshiab tau tig mus rau Soviet Union kom tau txais kev pab, uas raug yuam kom xa 50 qhov kev faib tawm ntawm 84 uas koom nrog hauv Iassy-Kishinev ua haujlwm rau Romania. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev sib ntaus sib tua uas seem txaus los ua kom tiav cov tub rog German uas nyob hauv "cauldron" sab hnub tuaj ntawm Prut River thaum Lub Yim Hli 27. Kev sib cais ntawm cov yeeb ncuab nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm tus dej no tau swb rau hnub tim 29.

Duab
Duab

Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias, txawm hais tias tau tshaj tawm "kev sib tua" nrog USSR, qee qhov kev sib cais hauv tebchaws Romanian tseem tau tawm tsam nrog pab tub rog liab txog thaum Lub Yim Hli 29 thiab tso lawv caj npab tib lub sijhawm zoo li cov neeg German - thaum lawv tau nyob ib puag ncig thiab qhov xwm txheej dhau los ua kev cia siab kiag li. Tom qab ntawd, 1st thiab 4th Romanian cov tub rog tau ua raws li ib feem ntawm 2nd Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej ntawm Malinovsky, thib 3 Romanian pab tub rog tau tawm tsam pab tub rog liab nyob ntawm Yelemes.

Duab
Duab

Hauv tag nrho, 208,600 tus tub rog German thiab Romanian thiab cov tub ceev xwm raug ntes. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 31, Soviet cov tub rog nkag hauv Bucharest.

Duab
Duab

Lwm qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm Jassy-Kishinev kev ua haujlwm yog kev khiav tawm ntawm cov tub rog German los ntawm Bulgaria, tam sim no yuav luag tsis muaj peev xwm muab thiab txhawb nqa lawv.

Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 10, 1944, Rodion Malinovsky tau nce mus rau Marshal ntawm Soviet Union.

Kev sib ntaus hnyav hauv Hungary

Tam sim no Soviet pab tub rog tau hem cov neeg ncaj ncees tshaj plaws ntawm Nazi Lub Tebchaws Yelemees - Hungary, uas nws cov tub rog txuas ntxiv mus, txawm tias pom tseeb qhov kev ua tsov rog no rau txhua tus, thiab cov chaw tsim vaj tsev thiab cov tuam txhab roj ntawm Nagykanizsa tau ua haujlwm rau lub yeeb koob ntawm Reich.

Tam sim no, muaj pov thawj tias Hitler hauv kev sib tham ntiag tug qhia txog kev txiav txim siab tias rau Tebchaws Yelemees Hungary yog qhov tseem ceeb dua li Berlin, thiab lub tebchaws no yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv rau lub sijhawm kawg. Qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb yog Budapest, uas yog tsev ze li 80% ntawm Hungary cov tuam tsev tsim vaj tsev.

Lub Yim Hli 29, 1944, Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Hungary, General Lakotos, tau tshaj tawm qhib qhov xav tau kev sib tham nrog Tebchaws Meskas, Great Britain thiab USSR, tab sis lub tebchaws tus thawj coj, Admiral Horthy, tau coj los ntawm Western cov phoojywg nkaus xwb, rau leej twg nws tau hais kom swb rau qhov xwm txheej uas Soviet pab tub rog tsis raug tso cai nkag mus rau Hungary. Tsis muaj peev xwm ua tiav, nws raug yuam kom pib sib tham nrog Stalin thiab thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 15 tshaj tawm kev ua tsis ncaj ncees nrog USSR.

Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm "Hitler txoj kev nyiam ua phem" Otto Skorzeny, kev tawm tsam (kev ua haujlwm Panzerfaust) tau teeb tsa hauv Budapest thaum Lub Kaum Hli 15. Horthy tus tub Miklos Jr. kuj tseem raug tub sab, thiab tsis ntev los no txhua tus muaj hwj chim Hungarian tus tswj hwm "sib pauv nws kos npe rau nws tus tub lub neej." Tus thawj coj ntawm Arrow Cross haiv neeg tog F. Salashi tau los ua lub zog hauv lub tebchaws, uas tau tshaj tawm kom xaj txhua tus txiv neej hnub nyoog 12 txog 70 (!) Rau hauv pab tub rog thiab ua siab ncaj rau lub tebchaws Yelemes txog thaum Lub Peb Hlis 28, 1945, thaum nws khiav tawm rau Austria.

Xyoo 1944, tus kws tshaj lij Paul Nagy-Bocha Sharqozy kuj tau khiav tawm ntawm Hungary, uas tom qab tau kos npe tsib xyoos kev cog lus nrog cov tub rog thiab ua haujlwm hauv Algeria-raws li koj tej zaum tau kwv yees, qhov no yog leej txiv ntawm Fab Kis Thawj Tswj Hwm Nicolas Sarkozy.

Qhov kawg ntawm Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1944, Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai Tsis Muaj Peev Xwm tau tsim hauv Debrecen, uas thaum Lub Ib Hlis 20, 1945 tau xaus qhov kev cog lus tsis sib haum nrog USSR, thiab tom qab ntawd txawm tias "tshaj tawm kev ua tsov rog" ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb, kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm thaj chaw Hungarian tau kav txij thaum kawg lub Cuaj Hli 1944 txog rau Plaub Hlis 4, 1945, txog li rau lub hlis. Hungary tau tiv thaiv los ntawm 37 ntawm kev sib faib German zoo tshaj plaws (kwv yees li 400 txhiab tus tib neeg), suav nrog 13 lub tank sib cais (txog 50-60 tso tsheb hlau luam ib mais). Cov neeg German tsis muaj peev xwm tsim kom muaj kev tsom xam ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tsheb nyob hauv ib qho chaw thaum lub sijhawm ua tsov rog tag nrho.

Duab
Duab

Thiab nyob rau hauv cov tub rog Soviet yav tom ntej tsuas muaj ib lub tank tub rog - tus zov 6. Ib qho ntxiv, ob pab tub rog Romanian (uas yog ib feem ntawm Malinovsky pem hauv ntej) thiab ib tus Bulgarian (ze Tolbukhin) tsis yog txhais tau tias mob siab rau sib ntaus.

Kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Budapest, uas tau pib rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 29, 1944, tom qab cov neeg sawv cev Soviet raug tua nyob ntawd, tshwj xeeb yog muaj kev kub ntxhov. Tsuas yog Lub Ib Hlis 18, 1945, Kab Tsuag raug tua, thaum Lub Ob Hlis 13 - Buda.

Duab
Duab
Duab
Duab
Duab
Duab

Thiab tom qab kev poob ntawm Budapest, thaum Lub Peb Hlis, cov tub rog Soviet yuav tsum tawm tsam kev tawm tsam German ntawm Lake Balaton (qhov kev tiv thaiv zaum kawg ntawm Soviet pab tub rog thaum Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Loj).

Duab
Duab

Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Budapest ib leeg, pab tub rog thib ob thiab thib 3 ntawm Ukraine tau poob 80,000 tus tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm thiab 2,000 lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab rab phom tua tus kheej. Txhua qhov, ntau dua 200 txhiab tus tub rog Soviet tuag hauv Hungary.

Tus kav kawg ntawm Nazi Hungary, F. Salashi, ntawm lwm qhov "ua yeeb yam", muaj sijhawm los xaj kom tshem tawm ntau pua txhiab tus neeg Yudais Hungarian thiab Gypsies uas tseem muaj txoj sia nyob. Nws tau raug dai rau hauv Budapest thaum Lub Peb Hlis 12, 1946. Tab sis "tus neeg raug tsim txom ntawm Germans" M. Horthy, txawm tias muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm Yugoslavia, tau dim kev sim siab thiab tom qab kev ua tsov rog xaus nws tau nyob ywj pheej hauv Portugal rau lwm 13 xyoos. Xyoo 1993, nws tseem tshuav nyiaj rov qab hauv tsev neeg crypt hauv toj ntxas ntawm lub zos Kenderes (sab hnub tuaj ntawm Budapest). Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Hungarian J. Antall tau hu nws thaum ntawd "tus neeg siab ncaj ncaj ncees uas tsis tau yuam nws lub siab nyiam rau tsoomfwv uas tsis ua raws li txoj cai tswjfwm."

Liberation ntawm Czechoslovakia thiab Austria

Twb tau nyob rau Lub Peb Hlis 25, Malinovsky's 2nd Ukrainian Front tau pib ua haujlwm Bratislava-Brnovo, uas tau kav ntev txog lub Tsib Hlis 5, thiab thaum lub sijhawm nws pab tub rog nce mus txog 200 km, tso Slovakia dim. Lub Plaub Hlis 22, ob peb hnub ua ntej xaus kev ua tsov rog, tus thawj coj ntawm 27th Rifle Corps subordinate rau Malinovsky, Major General E. Alekhin, tau raug mob tuag.

Tom qab ntawd, 2nd Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej tau txav mus rau Prague (pab tub rog ntawm 1st thiab 4th Ukrainian fronts kuj tau koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm). Hauv cov kev sib ntaus sib tua zaum kawg no, cov tub rog Soviet poob 11 2654 tus neeg raug tua, Czech cov neeg ntxeev siab - 1694 tus neeg.

Duab
Duab
Duab
Duab

Lwm yam kev tsim ntawm 2nd Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej los ntawm Lub Peb Hlis 16 txog Plaub Hlis 15, 1945 tau koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam Vienna. Kev hla ntawm lub nkoj ntawm Danube cov tub rog flotilla (ib feem ntawm 2nd Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej) mus rau Imperial Choj nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm Vienna thiab tsaws ntawm cov tub rog uas ntes tus choj no (Plaub Hlis 11, 1945) ua rau txawm tias cov neeg tawv tawv Askiv. Tom qab ntawd, Vaj Ntxwv George VI tau muab tus thawj coj ntawm lub dav hlau, Rear Admiral G. N Kholostyakov, nrog Trafalgar Cross (nws yog thawj tus neeg txawv tebchaws tau txais qhov khoom plig no).

Duab
Duab
Duab
Duab

Tom qab kev tshem tawm, lub nkoj ua rog tau pom nyob hauv qhov chaw nres tsheb hauv Ryazan, kho thiab teeb tsa ntawm Yeisk nto qaub ncaug rau lub Tsib Hlis 8, 1975:

Duab
Duab

Cov ntawv sau rau ntawm cov quav hniav nyeem:

"Yeisk patriot tiv thaiv lub nkoj tiv thaiv nkoj. Ua nrog cov nyiaj tau los txhawb los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv nroog thiab hauv cheeb tsam. Txoj kev sib ntaus sib tua pib ntawm 20.12.1944 hauv Red Banner Danube Flotilla. Raws li cov lus txib ntawm Tus Saib Xyuas Tub Ceev Xwm Balev B. F. koom nrog hauv kev dim ntawm Messrs. Budapest, Komarno thiab xaus kev sib ntaus hauv nroog Vienna."

Ntawm lub taub hau ntawm Trans-Baikal Pem Hauv Ntej

Tab sis Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II tseem tab tom ua mus. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 1945, Trans-Baikal Pem Hauv Ntej hais kom ua Malinovsky dhau los ntawm Gobi Desert thiab Big Khingan roob hla, nce 250-400 km mus rau thaj tsam yeeb ncuab hauv 5 hnub thiab ua txoj haujlwm ntawm Kwantung Army tsis muaj kev cia siab kiag li.

Duab
Duab

Trans-Baikal Pem Hauv Ntej, uas suav nrog pab pawg Soviet-Mongolian cavalry-mechanized, tau pib tawm tsam los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Mongolia raws li Mukden thiab Changchun. Qhov kev tawm tsam loj tshaj plaws tau ntsib nws txoj hauv kev los ntawm Pawg Tub Rog 36 tau nce mus rau sab laug, uas txij li Lub Yim Hli 9 txog 18 tau tawm tsam Nyij Pooj Lub Chaw Ruaj Ntseg nyob ze lub nroog Hailar.

Cov tub rog ntawm pab tub rog thib 39, tau kov yeej Txoj Kev Loj Khingan Pass, tau tsoo thaj tsam muaj zog Khalun-Arshan (kwv yees li 40 kis lus mev raws li pem hauv ntej thiab nce mus txog 6 kilometers tob).

Duab
Duab
Duab
Duab

Thaum Lub Yim Hli 13, kev tsim ntawm pab tub rog no tau hla mus rau hauv Central Manchuria.

Thaum Lub Yim Hli 14, Tus Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Nyij Pooj tau txiav txim siab tso tseg, tab sis qhov kev txiav txim siab xaus kev tawm tsam rau Kwantung Army tsis tau muab, thiab nws tseem tawm tsam nrog cov tub rog Soviet txog thaum Lub Yim Hli 19. Thiab hauv Central Manchuria, qee qhov ntawm cov neeg Nyij Pooj tau tawm tsam txog thaum kawg Lub Yim Hli 1945.

Duab
Duab

Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1956, Malinovsky tau raug xaiv los ua Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog ntawm USSR, txij lub Kaum Hli 25, 1957 txog rau thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej, nws tau ua tus Minister of Defense.

Duab
Duab
Duab
Duab

Cov npe ntawm R. Ya. Malinovsky cov khoom plig muaj ntau tshaj li qhov ua tau zoo.

Xyoo 1958, nws yog Hero ntawm Soviet Union ob zaug, tus tuav ntawm 12 Soviet xaj (ntxiv rau Qhov Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Yeej No. 8, tau muab rau lub Plaub Hlis 26, 1945, nws muaj tsib Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Lenin, peb Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Red Banner, ob Qhov Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Suvorov, Kuv qib, Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Kutuzov, Kuv qib) thiab 9 qhov khoom plig

Ib qho ntxiv, nws muaj lub npe ntawm Tib Neeg Tus Hero ntawm Yugoslavia thiab tau txais kev txiav txim (21) thiab cov khoom plig (9) ntawm kaum ob lub tebchaws txawv tebchaws: Fabkis, Asmeskas, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Romania, Tuam Tshoj, Mongolia, North Kauslim, Indonesia, Morocco thiab Mexico. Ntawm lawv yog lub npe ntawm Tus Thawj Coj Loj ntawm Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Legion of Honour of France thiab Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Legion of Honor ntawm qib ntawm Commander-in-Chief ntawm Tebchaws Meskas.

Duab
Duab
Duab
Duab

Tom qab kev tuag ntawm R. Ya. Malinovsky (Lub Peb Hlis 31, 1967), nws cov ashes raug faus ntawm phab ntsa Kremlin.

Hauv kab lus tom ntej no peb yuav txuas ntxiv peb zaj dab neeg txog Fab Kis Txawv Tebchaws Txawv Tebchaws: peb yuav tham txog nws keeb kwm los ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1 txog rau niaj hnub no.

Pom zoo: