Xib fwb ntawm Aston University (England) Mikhail Sumetsky thiab tshawb fawb kws tsim txuj ci los ntawm ITMO University (St. Microresonators tuaj yeem dhau los ua lub hauv paus rau kev tsim cov tshuab hluav taws xob quantum, qhov no tau tshaj tawm hnub Friday kawg, Lub Xya Hli 22, los ntawm kev tshawb fawb nrov portal "Cherdak" nrog siv rau xov xwm pabcuam ntawm ITMO.
Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv kev tsim cov koos pij tawj computer yog hnub no rau qhov tseeb tias ntau tus teeb meem tseem ceeb tsis tuaj yeem daws tau siv cov khoos phis tawj qub, suav nrog cov supercomputers, nyob rau lub sijhawm tsim nyog. Peb tab tom tham txog cov teeb meem ntawm quantum physics thiab chemistry, cryptography, nuclear physics. Cov kws tshawb fawb kwv yees tias quantum khoos phis tawj yuav dhau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev faib cov lej ib puag ncig ntawm yav tom ntej. Tsim lub koos pij tawj computer hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub cev tiag tiag yog ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv lub cev hauv lub xyoo pua 21st.
Kev tshawb fawb los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb Lavxias ntawm kev tsim cov microcavities kho qhov muag tau luam tawm hauv Phau Ntawv Sau Cov Ntawv Sau. "Cov thev naus laus zis tsis xav tau kom muaj lub tshuab nqus tsev, yuav luag tag dawb los ntawm cov txheej txheem uas cuam tshuam nrog kev kho cov tshuaj caustic, thaum tseem pheej yig. Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhov no yog lwm kauj ruam txhawm rau txhim kho qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev xa cov ntaub ntawv thiab ua haujlwm, tsim cov tshuab quantum thiab ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas hluav taws xob, "hais tawm xov xwm los ntawm ITMO University.
Kev kho qhov muag microcavity yog ib hom teeb pom kev zoo nyob rau hauv daim ntawv me me, tsom iav tuab ntawm qhov kho qhov muag fiber. Txij li thaum photons tsis tuaj yeem nres, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau nres lawv cov dej kom thiaj li nkag tau cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no yog raws nraim cov saw ntawm cov khoom siv microcavities kho qhov muag tau siv rau. Ua tsaug rau "ntxhi duab" cov nyhuv, lub teeb liab qeeb: nkag mus rau hauv lub resonator, lub teeb nthwv dej tau pom los ntawm nws cov phab ntsa thiab twists. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, vim yog qhov sib npaug ntawm cov resonator, lub teeb tuaj yeem pom hauv nws ntev. Yog li, photons txav los ntawm ib qho resonator mus rau lwm qhov ntawm qhov nrawm dua.
Txoj kev teeb pom kev tuaj yeem hloov kho los ntawm kev hloov qhov loj thiab cov duab ntawm lub resonator. Kev coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov loj ntawm microcavities, uas tsawg dua li ib feem kaum ntawm ib lub millimeter, kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm cov cuab yeej zoo li no yuav tsum yog qhov tseeb tshaj plaws, vim tias muaj qhov tsis xws nyob rau saum npoo ntawm microcavity tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov hauv photon flux. "Yog tias lub teeb tig mus ntev, nws pib cuam tshuam (teeb meem) nrog nws tus kheej," hais txog Mikhail Sumetsky. - Yog tias muaj qhov ua yuam kev hauv kev tsim cov resonators, kev tsis meej pem pib. Los ntawm qhov no koj tuaj yeem tau txais qhov xav tau tseem ceeb rau resonators: qhov sib txawv yam tsawg kawg nkaus hauv qhov loj me."
Microresonators, uas tau tsim los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Russia thiab Great Britain, tau ua nrog qhov zoo tshaj qhov tseeb uas qhov sib txawv hauv lawv qhov ntev tsis tshaj 0.17 angstroms. Txhawm rau xav txog qhov ntsuas, peb nco ntsoov tias tus nqi no kwv yees li 3 zaug tsawg dua txoj kab uas hla ntawm hydrogen atom thiab tam sim ntawd 100 zaug tsawg dua qhov ua yuam kev uas tau tso cai hauv kev tsim cov resonators niaj hnub no. Mikhail Sumetsky tsim txoj kev SNAP tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev tsim cov resonators. Raws li cov thev naus laus zis no, lub tshuab laser tshem tawm cov fiber ntau, tshem tawm cov kev nyuaj siab khov hauv nws. Tom qab kis mus rau lub teeb ci laser, cov fiber me ntsis "swells" thiab tau txais microcavity. Cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Russia thiab Askiv tab tom txuas ntxiv txhim kho SNAP thev naus laus zis, nrog rau nthuav dav ntau yam ntawm nws cov ntawv thov tau.
Ua haujlwm ntawm microcavities hauv peb lub tebchaws tsis tau tso tseg rau ob peb xyoo dhau los. Hauv lub zos Skolkovo ze Moscow, ntawm Novaya Street, tau tsim lub tsev naj npawb 100. Qhov no yog lub tsev nrog cov phab ntsa tsom iav, uas nyob hauv lawv cov xim xiav tuaj yeem sib tw nrog ntuj. Nov yog lub tsev ntawm Skolkovo Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Kev Tswj. Ib tus neeg xauj tsev ntawm lub tsev txawv txawv no yog Lavxias Quantum Center (RQC).
Microcavities hnub no yog cov ncauj lus ncaj ncees hauv quantum optics. Ntau pab pawg thoob ntiaj teb tab tom kawm lawv tas li. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thawj zaug, kho qhov muag microcavities tau tsim hauv peb lub tebchaws ntawm Moscow State University. Thawj tsab xov xwm hais txog cov resonators tau luam tawm rov qab rau xyoo 1989. Tus sau ntawm tsab xov xwm no yog peb tus kws kho lub cev: Vladimir Braginsky, Vladimir Ilchenko thiab Mikhail Gorodetsky. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Gorodetsky yog menyuam kawm ntawv nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, thiab nws tus thawj coj Ilchenko tom qab tau tsiv mus rau Tebchaws Meskas, qhov uas nws pib ua haujlwm hauv NASA chav kuaj. Hauv kev sib piv, Mikhail Gorodetsky tseem nyob hauv Moscow State University, mob siab rau ntau xyoo los kawm thaj chaw no. Nws tau koom nrog pab pawg RCC tsis ntev los no - hauv 2014, hauv RCC nws lub peev xwm raws li tus kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem nthuav tawm ntau dua. Txog qhov no, lub hauv paus muaj txhua yam cuab yeej tsim nyog rau kev sim, uas yooj yim tsis muaj nyob hauv Moscow State University, nrog rau pab pawg tshwj xeeb. Lwm qhov kev sib cav uas Gorodetsky coj los nyiam RCC yog lub peev xwm los them nyiaj ua haujlwm ncaj ncees rau cov neeg ua haujlwm.
Tam sim no, Gorodetsky pab pawg suav nrog ntau tus txiv neej uas yav dhau los koom nrog kev ua ub no hauv kev coj noj coj ua hauv Moscow State University. Tib lub sijhawm, nws tsis muaj qhov zais cia rau leej twg tias nws tsis yooj yim kom muaj kev cia siab rau cov kws tshawb fawb hluas hauv tebchaws Russia niaj hnub no - lub qhov rooj ntawm txhua lub chaw sim tshuaj thoob ntiaj teb tau qhib rau lawv hnub no. Thiab RCC yog ib txoj hauv kev los ua kom tau haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev tshawb fawb, nrog rau tau txais cov nyiaj hli tsim nyog, yam tsis tau tawm hauv tebchaws Lavxias. Tam sim no, hauv chav kuaj mob ntawm Mikhail Gorodetsky, kev tshawb fawb tseem tab tom hais tias, nrog rau kev txhim kho cov xwm txheej, tuaj yeem hloov lub ntiaj teb.
Optical microcavities yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tshiab uas tuaj yeem nce qhov ntom ntom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xa mus hla cov kab hluav taws xob kho qhov muag. Thiab qhov no tsuas yog ib qho ntawm cov ntawv thov tau ntawm microcavities. Dhau ob peb xyoos dhau los, ib ntawm RCC lub chaw soj nstuam tau kawm paub yuav tsim cov microresonators li cas, uas twb tau yuav lawm. Thiab cov kws tshawb fawb Lavxias uas yav dhau los ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm qib siab txawv tebchaws txawm rov los rau Russia los ua haujlwm hauv chav kuaj no.
Raws li txoj kev xav, kev kho qhov muag microcavities tuaj yeem siv hauv kev sib txuas lus, qhov uas lawv yuav pab ua kom cov ntaub ntawv sib kis tau ntau dua li cov kab hluav taws xob fiber ntau. Tam sim no, cov ntaub ntawv ntim tau raug xa mus rau ntau qhov xim sib txawv, tab sis yog tias tus txais thiab xa tawm tau nkag siab ntau dua, nws yuav muaj peev xwm faib ib kab ntawv cov ntaub ntawv mus rau ntau zaus ntau zaus.
Tab sis qhov no tsis yog thaj chaw nkaus xwb ntawm lawv daim ntawv thov. Tsis tas li, siv cov khoom siv microcavities kho qhov muag, ib tus tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog ntsuas lub teeb ntawm cov ntiaj chaw nyob deb, tab sis kuj txiav txim siab lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Lawv kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua kom muaj peev xwm tsim cov ntsuas me me ntawm cov kab mob, kab mob lossis qee yam tshuaj - tshuaj lom neeg lub cev thiab lub ntsuas hluav taws xob. Mikhail Gorodetsky tau hais txog cov duab zoo li no ntawm lub ntiaj teb uas cov microresonators twb tau siv lawm: "Nrog kev pab ntawm cov cuab yeej me me raws qhov kho qhov muag microcavities, nws yuav tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov sib xyaw ntawm huab cua nqus los ntawm tus neeg, uas nqa cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub xeev ntawm yuav luag txhua lub cev hauv tib neeg lub cev. Ntawd yog, qhov nrawm thiab raug ntawm kev kuaj mob hauv tshuaj tuaj yeem yooj yim nce ntau zaus."
Txawm li cas los xij, txog tam sim no cov no tsuas yog kev xav uas tseem yuav tsum tau sim. Tseem tseem muaj txoj hauv kev ntev mus rau cov cuab yeej npaj ua raws lawv. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li Mikhail Gorodetsky, nws lub chaw kuaj mob, raws li txoj kev npaj pom zoo, yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb yuav siv microresonators li cas hauv ob peb xyoos. Tam sim no, thaj chaw muaj kev cia siab tshaj plaws yog kev sib tham hauv xov tooj, nrog rau cov tub rog. Microresonators kuj yuav yog qhov txaus siab rau cov tub rog Lavxias thiab. Piv txwv li, lawv tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev txhim kho thiab tsim cov radars, ntxiv rau cov tshuab tsim teeb liab ruaj khov.
Txog tam sim no, kev tsim khoom loj ntawm microcavities tsis xav tau. Tab sis ntau lub tuam txhab hauv ntiaj teb twb tau pib tsim cov cuab yeej siv lawv, uas yog, lawv muaj peev xwm tiag tiag rau kev lag luam lawv cov kev txhim kho. Txawm li cas los xij, peb tseem tab tom tham txog tsuas yog cov tshuab tsim los daws qhov nqaim ntawm cov haujlwm. Piv txwv li, Asmeskas lub tuam txhab OEWaves (uas yog ib tus neeg tsim khoom ntawm microresonators, Vladimir Ilchenko, tam sim no ua haujlwm), koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov tshuab hluav taws xob microwave superstable, nrog rau cov lasers zoo heev. Lub tuam txhab laser, uas tsim lub teeb nyob rau hauv qhov nqaim heev (txog 300 Hz) nrog theem qis thiab suab nrov, twb tau yeej qhov khoom plig PRIZM muaj koob npe. Xws li qhov khoom plig tau xyaum ua Oscar hauv kev siv qhov muag pom, qhov khoom plig no tau muab txhua xyoo.
Hauv kev kho mob, pab pawg South Kauslim ntawm Samsung, ua ke nrog Lavxias Quantum Center, koom nrog nws tus kheej kev txhim kho hauv cheeb tsam no. Raws li Kommersant, cov haujlwm no hauv xyoo 2015 yog nyob rau theem pib, yog li nws ntxov dhau thiab ntxov dhau los hais qee yam txog kev tsim khoom uas yuav tau siv daim ntawv thov.
