Raws li muaj pov thawj los ntawm cov lej tiag thiab lub hom phiaj qhov tseeb
Xaus, pib ntawm no: Raws li muaj pov thawj los ntawm cov lej tiag thiab lub hom phiaj tseeb
Hauv qhov tseeb, lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev yuav khoom yog lub hauv paus rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov tuam txhab tiv thaiv sab hnub poob hauv lub quarter kawg ntawm ib puas xyoo. Qhov kev hloov pauv no tau pom tseeb tshwj xeeb hauv 90s thiab 2000s tawm tsam qhov rov tsim kho thiab txiav nyiaj hauv kev siv tub rog tom qab Kev Tsov Rog Zaum Kawg.
Txhua qhov loj tshaj plaws niaj hnub no ntawm Western tub rog-kev ua haujlwm tau tshwm sim, raws li txoj cai, los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov tuam txhab loj hauv tebchaws thiab txawv teb chaws. Cia peb saib cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov "grandees" no.
Yog li nws yog AMERICA …
Lockheed Martin. Xyoo 1986, Lockheed Corporation tau txais lub tuam txhab hluav taws xob loj Sanders Associates, thiab xyoo 1993-kev tsim dav hlau ntawm General Dynamics Corporation, uas tsim cov dav hlau zoo li F-16. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab foob pob hluav taws thiab chaw ua haujlwm Martin Marietta yuav lub satellite faib ntawm General Electric thiab tib yam General Dynamics. Thiab xyoo 1994-1995, Lockheed Corporation thiab Martin Marietta koom ua ke rau hauv Lockheed Martin pab pawg (tus nqi ntawm kev sib koom ua ke no kwv yees kwv yees li $ 10 nphom). Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tus neeg cog lus loj tshaj plaws hauv kev ua tub rog dav hlau, foob pob hluav taws thiab qhov chaw tshwm ntawm Asmeskas caj npab lag luam. Tus neeg loj dua tshiab txuas ntxiv mus - hauv xyoo 1996 nws yuav lub lag luam hluav taws xob ntawm Loral Corporation rau $ 9.1 nphom, thiab xyoo 1998 cov lus tham txog kev sib koom ntawm Lockheed Martin thiab Northrop Grumman, tab sis qhov no tau tawm tsam los ntawm tsoomfwv Meskas rau kev ua txhaum cai. Txawm li cas los xij, Lockheed Martin tam sim no yog lub tuam txhab tiv thaiv loj tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab hauv ntiaj teb: xyoo 2009, nws muag ntau tshaj $ 45 nphom, 42 ntawm cov khoom los ntawm cov khoom siv tub rog. 58% ntawm lub tuam txhab kev muag khoom tau suav los ntawm Pentagon, lwm 27% (feem ntau hauv qhov chaw) - los ntawm lwm lub koomhaum tseemfwv Meskas thiab tsuas yog 15% - los ntawm kev xa tawm.
Boeing tau mus txog qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb ntawm Asmeskas cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam dav hlau los ntawm kev sib koom ua lag luam ntawm cov tuam txhab kev lag luam dav hlau Asmeskas. Xyoo 1960, Vertol Aircraft tau yuav (uas tsim, tshwj xeeb, CH -47 Chinook qhov siab), xyoo 1996 - Rockwell (yav tas los tau nqus nto npe North American nws tus kheej) thiab, thaum kawg, hauv 1997 (rau $ 13 nphom) qhov kev txhawj xeeb yog tau txais McDonnell Douglas, tus neeg sib tw kawg lub dav hlau tsim khoom hauv Tebchaws Meskas. McDonnell Douglas nws tus kheej los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd sawv cev rau pawg dav hlau tsim tsev uas tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm McDonnell thiab Douglas xyoo 1967. Xyoo 1984, nws yuav lub dav hlau faib ntawm Hughes Corporation (cov khoom tseem ceeb yog AH-64 Apache nres lub dav hlau). Yog li, xyoo 1997, Boeing tsis tau txais tsuas yog kab ntawm McDonnell Douglas cov neeg caij dav hlau (tsis ntev, tau kawg, "ntsia"), tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov piv txwv tseem ceeb xws li riam phom thiab khoom siv tub rog xws li F-15 thiab F / A-18 cov neeg tua rog, Apache nyoob hoom qav taub, Harpoon cuaj luaj thiab Tomahawk. Qhov no tau tso cai rau lub tuam txhab kom sib npaug nws qhov kev muag khoom. Tam sim no nws yog lub chaw tsim khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv dav hlau hauv ntiaj teb (muag xyoo 2009 - $ 68 nphom, uas yog kev tiv thaiv kev suav txog $ 32 nphom).
Northrop Grumman tau los ua xyoo 1994 tom qab Northrop tau txais Grumman Aerospace rau $ 2.1 nphom (ntaus Martin Marietta tus nqi). Qhov kev txhawj xeeb tshiab tsis txaus siab rau kev tsim dav hlau zoo li kev lag luam hluav taws xob tub rog, pib sai sai yuav cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv Asmeskas hauv thaj chaw no: xyoo 1996, nws tau tswj hwm kom tau txais nws txhais tes ntawm cov thawj coj tsim khoom txawv teb chaws ntawm cov tub rog radars Westinghouse Electronic Systems, tom qab ntawd Teledyne Rayan, Litton Industries thiab mus txog kaum ob lub tuam txhab hluav taws xob thiab khoos phis tawj. Xyoo 2001, Northrop Grumman tau dhau los ua tus thawj coj tub rog Asmeskas tsim nkoj los ntawm kev yuav Newport News Shipbuilding Corporation (uas muab Pentagon nrog cov dav hlau thauj khoom thiab nuclear submarines). Tom qab ntawd tig los rau TRW lub foob pob hluav taws thiab chaw ua haujlwm. Xyoo 2009, Northrop Grumman qhov muag tau txog $ 36 nphom, suav nrog cov khoom tiv thaiv rau $ 30.6 nphom.
General Dynamics, lub tuam txhab tuav ntau lub tuam txhab, loj hlob tawm ntawm kev tsim khoom lag luam nkoj, thiab Lub Nkoj Hluav Taws Xob nkoj uas tsim nws cov tub ntxhais tseem yog tus tsim tseem ceeb ntawm nuclear submarines hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Tab sis xyoo 1946, Canadian lub tuam txhab dav hlau Canadair tau txais, thiab xyoo 1953, American Convair, thiab lub koom haum hu ua General Dynamics. Xyoo 1985, kev yuav khoom ntawm Cessna lub tuam txhab tau tshwm sim. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau xyoo 90, lub tuam txhab hloov pauv nws cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev muag nws lub dav hlau tsim khoom mus rau Lockheed Corporation (suav nrog F-16 fighter), McDonnell Douglas, Textron thiab tsom mus rau kev tsim cov khoom siv tub rog thiab av. Xyoo 1982, lub tuam txhab tau yuav Chrysler kev faib tub rog, thiab xyoo 2003, General Motors cov tub rog faib. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, General Dynamics tau mob siab rau hauv nws txhais tes kev tsim khoom feem ntau ntawm Asmeskas cov tsheb tiv thaiv thiab tib lub sijhawm tau txais tus lej tseem ceeb ntawm European cov cuab yeej rau kev tsim cov tsheb tiv thaiv - lub tuam txhab Swiss MOWAG (lub ntiaj teb ua tus muab khoom ntawm cov log tsheb tiv thaiv. cov neeg nqa khoom), Austrian Steyr-Daimler-Puch thiab Spanish Santa Barbara. Tib lub sijhawm, xyoo 1999 Gulfstream Aerospace, cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm "dav hlau kev lag luam", nkag mus rau hauv kev tuav. Xyoo 2009, General Dynamics muaj $ 32 nphom hauv kev muag khoom, 26 ntawm uas yog hauv kev ua tub rog.
Txog qhov loj, dhau los ntawm kev yuav cov tuam txhab tshwj xeeb hauv 90s thiab 2000s, lawv tau tswj hwm kom nkag mus rau qib ntawm cov thawj coj Asmeskas tiv thaiv tuam txhab Raytheon thiab L-3 Kev Sib Txuas. Qhov kawg yog feem ntau tuaj yeem nce mus rau qhov xwm txheej ntawm Pentagon tus thib xya tus neeg xa khoom loj tshaj plaws ($ 13 nphom hauv xyoo 2009), feem ntau yog vim muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev ntawm kaum xyoo dhau los.
… THIAB SO - Hauv Ntiaj Teb Qub
Txawm tias nthuav tawm ntau dua yog cov koom haum ua tub rog-kev lag luam ntawm Western Europe, qhov uas qhov kev lag luam sab hauv rau cov khoom lag luam tub rog tau dhau los ua lub zog txhawb siab rau kev koom ua ke ntawm kev lag luam tiv thaiv ntawm lub lauj kaub-European lossis qib transatlantic.
Ib qho piv txwv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog British BAE Systems. Muaj tshwm sim xyoo 1960 los ua ib lub koom haum ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom siv dav hlau hauv tebchaws Askiv, ib hom "British UAC" (British Aircraft Corporation), xyoo 1977 nws tau hloov pauv mus rau hauv xeev-tus tswv British Aerospace, qhov tseeb, dhau los ua kev tswj hwm tag nrho ntawm Tebchaws Askiv. hauv thaj tsam ntawm kev tsim khoom dav hlau. Xyoo 1999, tom qab kev tswj hwm tus kheej, British Aerospace tau tsim kev koom tes nrog lwm pab pawg Askiv, Marconi Electronic Systems, uas los ntawm lub sijhawm no tau tswj hwm ntau ntawm Albion kev ua haujlwm dav hlau, khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab nkoj tsim khoom lag luam. BAE Systems, tsim los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke, tau tswj hwm feem ntau ntawm UK kev lag luam kev tiv thaiv, suav nrog txoj haujlwm no los ntawm kev yuav khoom lag luam rau kev tsim cov tsheb tiv thaiv thiab phom loj. Hauv kev rov txhim kho tom ntej, BAE Systems tau pov tseg qee yam ntawm nws cov peev txheej European (tshwj xeeb yog nws txoj hauv kev hauv Airbus) thiab pib nce zuj zus nws tus kheej mus rau qhov kev nyiam loj hauv Asmeskas kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam. Xyoo 2004, nws tau txais United Defense, uas yog lub chaw tsim khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov tsheb tiv thaiv thiab cov phom loj hauv Tebchaws Meskas, thiab xyoo 2007, lwm lub tuam txhab txawv teb chaws hauv cheeb tsam no, Armor Holdings. Zuag qhia tag nrho, BAE Systems tam sim no tsim tawm feem ntau ntawm nws cov nyiaj tau los raws li Pentagon tus neeg cog lus, thaum raug xaiv los ua tuam txhab UK. Kev muag tag nrho ntawm BAE Systems hauv 2009 muaj txog 34 billion daus las, uas yog kwv yees li 18 nphom - hauv Tebchaws Meskas.
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov koom haum pab dawb nyob sab Europe yog EADS, uas xyoo 2000 suav nrog German (DaimlerChrysler Aerospace), Fab Kis (Ae'rospatiale-Matra) thiab Spanish (CASA) kev tuav lub dav hlau. Hauv chav kawm ntawm nws kev nthuav dav ntxiv, EADS tau txais ib feem ntawm nws cov cuab yeej siv dav hlau los ntawm British BAE Systems. Hauv xyoo 2009, EADS tau muag $ 60 nphom, tab sis Airbus ua tus thawj, nrog cov khoom lag luam tub rog nqa tsuas yog $ 15 nphom.
Lwm qhov muaj hwj chim nom tswv Fab Kis, tab sis qhov tseeb yias-European tub rog-kev ua haujlwm nyuaj yog pawg Thales. Nws tshwm sim tom qab tau txais lub tuam txhab Askiv Racal los ntawm Thomson-CSF, yog lub tuam txhab Fabkis ua lag luam hauv kev lag luam tub rog hluav taws xob, xyoo 2000. Thales tau dhau los ua tus neeg cog lus tiv thaiv loj tshaj plaws hauv Fabkis thiab thib ob loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Askiv (tom qab BAE Systems). Nws txuas ntxiv nws qhov kev nthuav dav hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev yuav cov khoom tseem ceeb tiv thaiv hauv Fabkis, lwm lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe thiab Asmeskas, thaum nthuav dav nws cov pej xeem. Xyoo 2009, pab pawg muag khoom tau kwv yees kwv yees $ 20 nphom, ntawm cov khoom siv tiv thaiv muaj txog $ 8 nphom.
Ib hom koom haum tiv thaiv kev lag luam hauv tebchaws yog Italian tuav Finmeccanica, tsim rov qab rau xyoo 1948 nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm lub xeev thiab tam sim no yog tus saib xyuas ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog Italian, kev siv dav hlau thiab thev naus laus zis. Xyoo 2009, kev tuav cov nyiaj tau los nce mus txog $ 27 nphom, ntau dua $ 13 uas yog los ntawm cov khoom lag luam tub rog. Finmeccanica koom nrog ntau qhov haujlwm sib koom nrog EADS, thiab tseem nthuav nws txoj kev nthuav dav mus rau Asmeskas kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam, tau txais, tshwj xeeb, hauv xyoo 2008, rau $ 5.2 nphom, Asmeskas cov tub rog siv hluav taws xob cog lus DRS thev naus laus zis. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias Finmeccanica tau txiav txim siab hauv tebchaws Russia raws li hom qauv rau kev tsim Rostekhnologii tuav ntawm Rosoboronexport.
Ib lub tuam txhab kev lag luam ntau lub tuam txhab tuaj yeem txiav txim siab koom haum rau kev tsim cov riam phom coj ua MBDA. Nws tau tswj hwm los ntawm BAE Systems (37.5%), EADS (37.5%), Finmeccanica (25%) thiab tam sim no tsim feem ntau ntawm European cov tshuab foob pob hluav taws ntawm yuav luag txhua chav kawm.
Qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntej rau kev tsim cov koom haum European tub rog-kev lag luam yog kev ua haujlwm nquag hauv Ntiaj Teb Qub txij li 60s ntawm ntau txoj haujlwm sib koom tes txhawm rau txhim kho thiab tsim ntau hom riam phom thiab cuab yeej siv tub rog, feem ntau yog thaj chaw nyuaj thiab kim tshaj plaws (tub rog) aviation thiab rocketry). Piv txwv suav nrog cov phiaj xwm tsim Jaguar thiab Tornado cov neeg tua foob pob, Puma, Lynx, Gazelle thiab EN101 (tam sim no AW101) cov dav hlau helicopters, Alpha Jet tus kws qhia ntaus rog, Transall tub rog thauj dav hlau, Roland tiv thaiv dav hlau foob pob, MILAN tiv thaiv lub foob pob hluav taws, HOT thiab TRIGAT, FH-70 towed howitzer.
Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tham luv luv txog qee qhov haujlwm ntawm kev ua tub rog-kev ua haujlwm ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Qub.
Eurofighter. Txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv kev sib koom loj tshaj plaws tam sim no tab tom ua hauv Tebchaws Europe yog qhov ua tiav, txawm hais tias tau kos tawm ntev, qhov haujlwm rau European "plaub +" tiam Eurofighter Typhoon. Eurofighter Typhoon (EF2000) ntxaib-lub cav sib ntaus sib tua tau tsim los ntawm Eurofighter pawg neeg ntawm tib lub npe, tsim los ntawm tsoomfwv ntawm Great Britain (tam sim no 37%koom nrog), Lub Tebchaws Yelemees (30%), Ltalis (19%) thiab Spain (14%). Kev coj ncaj qha ntawm txoj haujlwm yog ua los ntawm EADS, BAE Systems thiab Finmeccanica. Lub dav hlau tau tsim tshwj xeeb tsim los ntawm EJ200 hla lub cav, uas yog tsim los ntawm Eurojet Turbo GmbH pawg koom nrog koom nrog British Rolls-Royce, German MTU, Italian Avio thiab Spanish ITP.
Txoj haujlwm Eurofighter tau pib ua haujlwm txij li xyoo 1983, tab sis txij li xyoo nineties nws tau dhau los ua qhov tsis txaus ntseeg vim yog kev lag luam thiab nom tswv tsis pom zoo ntawm cov koom nrog thiab ncua kev ua haujlwm. Nws tau txo qis tas li, thiab vim li ntawd, tam sim no cov neeg koom nrog hauv lub tebchaws tau lees paub qhov kev xaj xaj xaj 469 lub tsheb tsim khoom kom txog rau xyoo 2018 (160 - Tebchaws Askiv, 140 - Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, 96 - Ltalis, 73 - Spain, 72 ntau tus neeg sib ntaus sib tua tau xaj los ntawm Saudi Arabia thiab 15 xa mus rau Austria) … Kev xa 148 lub dav hlau ntawm lub npe hu ua tranche (Tranche 1, 55 - Great Britain, 44 - Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, 29 - Ltalis, 20 - Spain) tau pib xyoo 2003 thiab xaus rau thaum kawg xyoo 2007. Lub dav hlau tau tsim los ntawm cov kab sib dhos hauv tebchaws hauv txhua plaub lub xeev. Txij li xyoo 2008, kev tsim cov tshuab Tranche 2 series tau ua mus ntxiv, thiab xyoo 2011 Tranche 3 lub dav hlau yuav tsim tawm.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tseem tsis muaj qhov pom meej meej nrog rau tus lej yuav Eurofighter Typhoons, lossis nrog lawv cov cuab yeej thiab teeb tsa, txij li ib feem ntawm R&D txoj haujlwm hauv txoj haujlwm tau ntsib kev txwv nyiaj txiag thiab yuav luag txhua lub tebchaws tau txiav txim qis dua rau Tranche Nrog rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm tag nrho cov riam phom, tshwj xeeb yog chav kawm huab cua-rau-saum npoo. Rau tag nrho cov laj thawj no, nrog rau tus nqi siab (txog $ 140 lab rau ib lub tsheb), qhov peev xwm xa tawm ntawm Eurofighter Typhoon tseem tsis tau meej. Tam sim no tus neeg tua rog tau koom nrog hauv Indian kev sib tw thiab tab tom txiav txim siab yuav los ntawm Oman.
Tus Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Tsov Rog yog Eurocopter txoj haujlwm tub rog tshaj plaws. Qhov kev txiav txim siab pib nws kev sib koom ua ke (50 txog 50) kev txhim kho tau tsim los ntawm tsoomfwv Fabkis thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees rov qab rau xyoo 1984. Xyoo 1991, thawj daim qauv ntawm lub dav hlau ya. Nws qhov kev ua kom zoo ntxiv thiab ntsuas tau rub tawm ntawm qhov tseem ceeb thiab siv sijhawm ntau dua kaum xyoo, kev xa khoom pib tsuas yog xyoo 2004.
Kev ncua qeeb feem ntau yog vim muaj ntau yam kev teeb tsa thaum pib uas Tsov tau tsim. Yuav luag txhua lub tebchaws cov neeg siv khoom xav kom muaj kev hloov pauv tus kheej kom haum rau nws cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb. Fab Kis thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees npaj yuav yuav 80 lub tsheb txhua lub xyoo (xyoo 2010, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tshaj tawm nws lub hom phiaj kom txo qis kev yuav khoom), Spain - 24.
Txhua tus qauv ntawm Tsov txawv ntawm lawv tus kheej hauv qhov pom thiab tshawb fawb cov cuab yeej thiab hom riam phom siv. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, piv txwv li, thaum peb Fab Kis Tigers tau ya mus ntau dua 1000 teev nyob rau Afghanistan, cov neeg German tseem tsis tau mus txog rau kev npaj sib ntaus thiab siv tsis tau.
Tus nqi siab tshaj, uas yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm txoj kev txhim kho ntev thiab nyuaj, ua rau Tsov tsis muaj kev sib tw hauv kev ua lag luam sib ntaus sib tua. Hais txog kev muaj peev xwm sib ntaus, nws qis dua qhov hnyav dua thiab muaj zog dua Asmeskas AH-64D Apache, tab sis ntawm tus nqi piv rau nws. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, ntxiv rau cov tebchaws - cov koom nrog Eurocopter, lub dav hlau tau muag tam sim no tsuas yog rau Australia, uas tau xaj 22 lub tshuab.
NH90 yog "ib txwm muaj NATO" kev thauj tub rog caij nyoob hoom qav taub ntawm ib tiam neeg tshiab ntawm cov neeg nruab nrab, muaj peev xwm nqa tau txog 20 tus tub rog lossis 2.5 tons thauj khoom. Txoj haujlwm tau pib los ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Ltalis, Netherlands thiab Fabkis. Txog kev txhim kho thiab txhawb nqa lub tshuab, NHIndustries tuam txhab tau tsim, qhov twg Eurocopter muaj 62.5%, 32% - Italian AgustaWestland thiab 5.5% - Dutch Stork Fokker Aerospace. NH90 tau tsim nyob rau hauv ob qhov kev hloov kho - thauj TTN thiab naval tiv thaiv submarine NFH.
Kev pom zoo pib txhim kho tau kos npe rau xyoo 1992. Lub davhlau ntawm thawj tsab ntawv tau tshwm sim xyoo 1995, kev xa khoom pib hauv xyoo 2006. Kev tsim NH90 yog qhov ua tiav loj rau European cov tub rog -kev ua haujlwm nyuaj: hnub no, 529 lub dav hlau helicopters tau muag lossis cog lus (Lub Tebchaws Yelemees - 122, Fabkis - 61, Ltalis - 116, Netherlands - 20). Qhov nce ntawm kev xaj los ntawm qee lub tebchaws koom nrog, feem ntau yog Fabkis, yog qhov ua tau. Txawm li cas los xij, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees xyoo 2010 tau npaj yuav txo qhov kev yuav khoom mus rau 80 lub nyoob hoom qav taub.
NH90, txawm hais tias nws tus nqi tseem ceeb (kwv yees li 20 lab euros), tau txais txiaj ntsig sai hauv ntiaj teb thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog European lag luam. Txij li xyoo 2004, lub tsheb tau xaj los ntawm Australia (46), Belgium (8), Greece (20), Spain (45), New Zealand (9), Norway (14), Oman (20), Portugal (10), Finland (20) thiab Sweden (18). Kev sib tham tseem tab tom muag lub dav hlau mus rau lwm lub tebchaws.
Frigates Horizon thiab FREMM. Kev txhim kho cov nkoj no yog ua los ntawm Fabkis lub tuam txhab Armaris (koom haum DCNS, yav tas los Thales kuj tau koom nrog) thiab Italian tuam txhab Orizzonte (tsim los ntawm Finmeccanica thiab Fincantieri).
Peb tes num ntawm kev tiv thaiv huab cua loj frigates Horizon nrog Aster tiv thaiv huab cua tau ua tiav txij li xyoo 1999, thiab txog niaj hnub no, ob lub nkoj tau tsim los rau Fab Kis thiab Ltalis, tau ua haujlwm rau xyoo 2008-2009.
Kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm "frigate" -class nkoj hauv Fab Kis thiab Italis cov tub rog tau txais hauv qhov haujlwm nruab nrab ntau dua FREMM (Fre'gates Europe'ennes Multi -Missions). Kev pom zoo los ntawm tsoomfwv txog kev txhim kho FREMM cov nkoj loj, tsim los ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog ntawm ob lub tebchaws, tau kos npe rau xyoo 2005. Tam sim no rau Fab Kis Navy nws tau npaj los tsim 11 lub nkoj loj (muaj nqis 7 txhiab nyiaj daus las), rau Italian Navy - 10. Cov thawj coj Fabkis cov nkoj tau pib xyoo no thiab yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm xyoo 2012. FREMM tau txiav txim siab tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv ntiaj teb kev lag luam rau cov nkoj ntawm chav kawm no, ib lub nkoj loj tau tab tom tab tom tsim kho rau Morocco thiab ntau lub tebchaws tau pom zoo txaus siab rau nws.
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Qhov nqaim ntawm kev lag luam caj npab hauv tebchaws thiab kev cia siab rau lawv qhov kev nqaim ntxiv yog yuam tsoomfwv sab hnub poob hauv kev txaus siab txhawb nqa kev ua tub rog-kev lag luam txhawm rau txhawb kev sib koom tes tiv thaiv kev sib koom tes ntawm cov phoojywg thiab cov tebchaws nyob ze. Qhov no coj mus rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tsim cov khw AME ib txwm muaj. Tam sim no peb tuaj yeem hais tias ob qhov kev lag luam no tau tshwm sim-kev hla tebchaws Atlantic-Anglo-American (Anglo-Saxon) thiab txuas ntxiv-European.
Anglo-American kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog "nce ntxiv" ntawm cov tub rog Askiv-cov tuam txhab lag luam txawv teb chaws, qhov twg muaj qhov nce ntawm cov xaj uas lawv tau txais. Hauv xyoo 2008 ib leeg, kaum tus thawj coj hauv tuam txhab tiv thaiv UK tau kos npe cog lus nrog Pentagon rau $ 14.4 nphom, nrog BAE Systems suav txog $ 12.3 nphom ntawm cov nyiaj no. Nyob rau hauv lem, Asmeskas cov neeg cog lus muaj txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv tebchaws Askiv. Yog li, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas General Dynamics yeej qhov kev sib tw rau lub tsheb uas muaj cov cuab yeej taug qab raws li txoj haujlwm British FRES. Zuag qhia tag nrho, ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm Tebchaws Askiv cov khoom tiv thaiv tuaj ntawm Tebchaws Meskas.
Kev sib raug zoo ntawm tub rog-kev sib raug zoo ntawm Tebchaws Meskas thiab Tebchaws Askiv ua rau peb tham txog kev tsim cov khoom lag luam zoo ib yam li Anglo-Saxon transatlantic tiv thaiv kev lag luam nrog lub zog "nthuav tawm" ntawm cov tub rog-kev ua haujlwm ntawm ob lub tebchaws. Nws tsis yog qhov xwm txheej uas BAE Systems thiab Rolls-Royce tau tam sim no dhau los ua cov tuam txhab Anglo-American thiab zoo li yuav hloov pauv lawv cov haujlwm mus rau Tebchaws Meskas, los ntawm qhov uas lawv tau txais ntau qhov kev xaj thiab qhov twg ua kom muaj coob ntxiv ntawm lawv cov chaw tsim khoom nyob.. Piv txwv li, BAE Systems twb tau tswj hwm feem ntau ntawm cov tub rog Asmeskas cov tub rog thiab cov cuab yeej siv phom loj. Pom tau tias, kev ua tiav kev hloov pauv ntawm BAE Systems thiab Rolls-Royce nyob rau hauv Hnub Qub thiab Kab Kab tsis nyob deb.
Hauv xyoo 2010, tom qab kev tawm tsam ntev nrog Asmeskas "tiv thaiv" kev nom tswv thiab cov neeg tiv thaiv Askiv, tau pom zoo nrog Tebchaws Meskas, uas pab txhawb kev sib pauv ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tub rog zais cia. Qhov no yuav tsum nthuav dav ntxiv kev ua tub rog-kev koom ua ke ntawm ob lub tebchaws thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov tuam txhab tiv thaiv hauv ob qho kev lag luam.
Cov tuam txhab Askiv tswj hwm kev sib koom ua lag luam txawv teb chaws hauv Asmeskas kev tiv thaiv. Xyoo 2008, ntawm 18 lub tuam txhab txawv teb chaws uas tau txais Asmeskas cov tuam txhab ua tub rog, 14 yog neeg Askiv. Xyoo 2006-2008, cov tuam txhab Askiv tau nqis peev txog $ 10 nphom hauv kev yuav khoom ntawm Asmeskas cov khoom lag luam tiv thaiv.
Nyob rau hauv lem, European Union tab tom qhia ntau thiab ntau txoj hauv kev los tsim kev lag luam tiv thaiv ib leeg rau nws cov tswv cuab. Ntawm no qhov txav mus rau hauv ob qho kev qhia. Ntawm qhov one tes, lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm EU hais kom qhib kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam hauv tebchaws ntawm cov tswvcuab ntawm Lub Koomhaum rau txhua lub tuam txhab European tub rog-kev ua haujlwm nyuaj, tshem tawm kev tiv thaiv lub tebchaws hauv thaj chaw no thiab qhia cov txheej txheem kev yuav khoom. Ntawm qhov tod tes, tau npaj siab los txhawb kev txhim kho kev sib koom ua ke thiab yuav khoom siv riam phom thiab khoom siv tub rog raws li kev pab los ntawm EU. Qhov no yog ua tiav los ntawm European Defense Agency (EDA) tsim nyob rau xyoo 2004, uas txhua tus tswvcuab EU tshwj tsis yog Denmark koom nrog, nrog rau kev sib koom ua haujlwm tub rog nyob sab Europe OCCAR (Organisme Conjoint de Coope'ration en matie're d'Armement).
Tam sim no OCCAR koom nrog ntau qhov haujlwm European sib koom (A400M, Tsov, Boxer, FREMM, SAM Aster). Hauv ob peb xyoos dhau los, EDA tseem tau nthuav tawm ntau qhov kev sib koom ua ke R&D nrog rau sawv cev dav ntawm cov tebchaws nyob sab Europe (tsim cov ntsiab lus los tiv thaiv cov khoom tawg tsis raug, riam phom ntawm kev puas tsuaj loj, nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv network, thiab lwm yam). Txawm hais tias tam sim no tsuas yog European kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam tsuas yog tau tsim, nws yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tias kev tswj hwm kev lag luam nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia no los ntawm European cov qauv yuav zam tsis tau ua rau muaj kev tshwm sim ntawm kev ua tub rog lag luam thiab chaw ua tub rog-chaw ntawm EU. Qhov no, nyeg, feem ntau yuav pab txhawb rau theem tshiab ntawm kev koom ua ke thiab kev koom ua ke hauv European cov tub rog-kev ua haujlwm nyuaj.
