Cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) tau tshuaj xyuas kev ua lag luam rau cov neeg xa khoom ntawm cov riam phom thiab cov cuab yeej siv tub rog thiab suav sau cov npe ntawm cov tebchaws loj tshaj plaws. Sab saum toj tsib suav nrog plaub lub xeev Asian - Is Nrias teb, Tuam Tshoj, Kaus Lim Qab Teb thiab Pakistan. Raws li txoj kev tshawb fawb, nyob rau lub sijhawm txij xyoo 2006 txog 2010, cov tebchaws no suav txog 26% ntawm tag nrho cov tub rog hauv ntiaj teb tuaj. Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov riam phom muab rau hauv cheeb tsam Neeg Esxias tau tsim hauv Russia.
Daim ntawv tshaj tawm txhua xyoo tom ntej SIPRI Phau Ntawv Xyoo 2011 yuav tshaj tawm rau lub Rau Hli, thaum Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Stockholm tau hloov kho cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia ntawm kev muab riam phom thiab cuab yeej siv tub rog thiab luam tawm qee cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom no. Tshwj xeeb, thaum kawg xyoo 2010, Is Nrias teb suav txog 9% ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev xa khoom tuaj, thiab nws tau dhau los ua tus xa khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm caj npab thiab khoom siv tub rog.
SIPRI cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg txij xyoo 1950, nws suav nrog txhua cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev xa riam phom thiab khoom siv tub rog txhua xyoo. Hauv kev tshuaj xyuas kev hloov pauv hauv kev lag luam riam phom thoob ntiaj teb, SIPRI cov kws tshaj lij siv qhov nruab nrab ntau dua tsib xyoos. Raws li lub koom haum, ntawm 2006 thiab 2010, Is Nrias teb siv $ 11.1 nphom hauv xyoo 1990 tus nqi ntawm kev nqa riam phom ($ 18.6 nphom hauv xyoo 2010 tus nqi).
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, 2006-2010, Is Nrias teb tau yuav khoom dav hlau rau $ 7.9 nphom, tsheb tiv thaiv av rau $ 1.5 nphom, thiab riam phom foob pob rau $ 990 lab. 82% ntawm Indian cov tub rog xa khoom tuaj los ntawm Russia. Tshwj xeeb, Is Nrias teb nquag yuav Lavxias Su-30MKI cov neeg tua hluav taws, suav nrog daim ntawv tso cai rau kev tsim cov dav hlau ntawm nws thaj chaw, thiab T-90 tso tsheb hlau luam kuj tseem nquag siv los hloov Indian T-55 thiab T-72 tso tsheb hlau luam.
Su-30MKI Indian Air Force
Tsib tus neeg xa khoom loj tshaj plaws yog peb lub tebchaws Asian ntxiv - Tuam Tshoj ($ 7.7 nphom), Kaus Lim Qab Teb ($ 7.4 nphom), Pakistan ($ 5.6 nphom). Pakistan thiab Kaus Lim Qab Teb ntshuam riam phom feem ntau los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas. Beijing, zoo li Is Nrias teb, nyiam Lavxias cov khoom lag luam tub rog. Hauv tag nrho ntim ntawm Suav cov tub rog xa khoom tuaj nyob rau lub sijhawm txij xyoo 2006 txog 2010, feem ntawm Lavxias cov khoom siv tub rog yog 84%.
Lub sijhawm no, qhov xav tau tshaj plaws hauv Suav teb yog cov khoom siv dav hlau, cov foob pob hluav taws thiab cov tshuab tiv thaiv huab cua. Los ntawm Russia, Celestial Empire tau txais lub zog tsim hluav taws xob rau kev sib ntaus ntawm nws tus kheej kev tsim khoom, nyoob hoom qav taub thiab cov dav hlau tiv thaiv dav hlau. Tshwj xeeb, nyob rau lub sijhawm txij xyoo 2007 txog 2010, Suav tau txais thiab tau ceeb toom 15 kev sib cais ntawm S-300PMU2 Favorit tiv thaiv huab cua.
Pakistan nquag nquag yuav nkoj, dav hlau thiab riam phom foob pob. Islamabad tau koom tes nrog Tebchaws Meskas thiab Tuam Tshoj, yuav F-16 Fighting Falcon, JF-17 Thunder thiab J-10 fighters. Tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg Asmeskas feem ntau siv cov neeg tua rog mus rau Pakistan nrog qhov xwm txheej ntawm lawv kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm lawv cov tuam txhab. Xyoo 2009, Pakistan tau txais J-10 cov neeg sib ntaus muaj nqis txog $ 3.5 nphom los ntawm Tuam Tshoj, thiab tseem pib tsim JF-17 pab pawg sib koom ua ke Pakistani-Suav kev txhim kho. Ib qho ntxiv, Pakistan yuav 4 lub nkoj loj ntawm F-22P txoj haujlwm los ntawm Tuam Tshoj, peb ntawm cov uas twb tau xa mus rau cov neeg siv khoom. Tsis tas li, txhawm rau txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau nws cov tub rog, Pakistan npaj siab xaus qhov kev pom zoo nrog Tuam Tshoj ntawm kev tsim kev sib koom ua lag luam rau kev tsim qauv thiab tsim kho lub tshuab hluav taws xob diesel-hluav taws xob submarines nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis muaj zog. Feem ntau, xyoo 2006-2010, Pakistan tau yuav $ 1.2 billion tus nqi ntawm lub nkoj, $ 684 lab tus nqi ntawm cov cuaj luaj, thiab $ 2.5 nphom muaj nqis ntawm cov khoom siv dav hlau.
JF-17 Thunder Pakistani Air Force
Lwm tus thawj coj hauv kev xa riam phom, Kaus Lim Qab Teb, nyiam cov nkoj nrov tshaj plaws ($ 900 lab), lub tshuab tiv thaiv huab cua ($ 830 lab), dav hlau ($ 3.5 nphom). Cov nuj nqis loj ntawm kev ya dav hlau tau piav qhia los ntawm F-X txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm hauv Kaus Lim Qab Teb, tsom mus rau kev ua kom tiav ntawm lub tebchaws huab cua.
Hauv qhov chaw thib tsib hauv cov npe ntawm cov thawj coj hauv kev xa khoom ntawm cov khoom lag luam tub rog yog tib lub tebchaws uas tsis yog neeg Esxias, Tim Nkij teb chaws, uas xyoo 2006-2010 tau yuav riam phom thiab khoom siv muaj nqis txog $ 4.9 nphom. Qhov kev mloog zoo tshaj plaws tau them rau kev ya dav hlau ($ 2, 2 nphom), tsheb tiv thaiv av (1, 5) thiab riam phom foob pob (0, 4).
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Asians hauv tsib tus thawj coj feem ntau yuav yog vim qhov tseeb tias txhua lub xeev no muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb loj thiab tau koom nrog hauv kev sib tw caj npab hauv cheeb tsam.
Piv txwv li, Is Nrias teb muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb nrog Pakistan thiab Tuam Tshoj, uas yog cov phooj ywg thiab tau mob siab txhim kho kev ua tub rog-kev koom tes hauv ob peb xyoos dhau los. Feem ntau, raws li cov kws tshaj lij, Pakistan thiab Is Nrias teb tau nce kev siv tub rog ntau dua tsib xyoos dhau los. Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg Khab qhov kev siv nyiaj tub rog tau nce los ntawm $ 1.3 nphom hauv xyoo 2006 txog $ 3.3 nphom hauv xyoo 2010.
Pakistan nyob rau tib lub sijhawm tau nce ntim ntawm kev xa tub rog los yuav luag 10 npaug. Yog tias xyoo 2006 lub xeev no tau xaj caj npab thiab khoom siv tub rog muaj nuj nqis 275 lab daus las nyob txawv teb chaws, tom qab ntawd xyoo 2010 daim duab no twb yog 2,6 txhiab daus las lawm. Ua tsaug rau txoj kev txhim kho sai ntawm nws tus kheej kev lag luam kev tiv thaiv, Tuam Tshoj tau txo kev siv nyiaj los ntawm $ 2.9 nphom hauv xyoo 2006 txog $ 559 lab hauv xyoo 2010, tab sis nws tseem nyob hauv tsib qho saum toj kawg nkaus.
Kaus Lim Qab Teb tsis koom nrog kev sib tw caj npab hauv cheeb tsam. Cov kev ntsuas ntshuam ntawm lub xeev no ua haujlwm tsis hloov pauv ib xyoos ib xyoos. Xyoo 2006, Kaus Lim Qab Teb Kauslim siv $ 1.7 nphom los ntawm cov khoom lag luam tub rog, hauv 2007 - 1.8 billion, hauv 2008 - 1.8 billion, xyoo 2009 - 886 lab, thiab xyoo 2010 - $ 1.1 nphom. Tab sis nyob rau yav tom ntej, nrog rau kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm kev sib raug zoo nrog nws cov neeg nyob ze, DPRK, ib tus yuav tsum cia siab tias lub teb chaws kev siv nyiaj ntawm kev siv riam phom yuav nce ntxiv. Los ntawm txoj kev, DPRK txoj kev nkag mus rau tsib sab saum toj ntawm kev ua tub rog feem ntau yuav tsis tshwm sim tsuas yog vim muaj ntau qhov kev rau txim thoob ntiaj teb tawm tsam nws.
Cov tub lag luam loj tshaj plaws nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, raws li SIPRI, yog Tebchaws Meskas, Russia, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Fabkis thiab Tebchaws Askiv. Tsib tus thawj coj no hauv kev xa tub rog, uas tsis tau hloov pauv ob peb xyoos dhau los, tau xa $ 91.9 nphom hauv xyoo 1990 tus nqi mus rau caj npab thiab tub rog kho vajtse kev lag luam ($ 153.3 nphom hauv xyoo 2010 tus nqi). Thaum lub sijhawm qhia, 2006-2010, Tebchaws Asmeskas tau xa riam phom muaj nqis txog $ 37 nphom, Russia - $ 28.1 nphom, Lub teb chaws Yelemees - $ 13 nphom, Fabkis - $ 8.8 nphom, thiab Great Britain - $ 4.9 nphom …
Qhov kawg ntawm Lub Ob Hlis 2011, SIPRI kuj tau tshaj tawm nws 2009 qeb duas ntawm 100 lub tuam txhab tiv thaiv loj tshaj plaws. Xya qhov chaw hauv kaum saum toj kawg nkaus yog cov tuam txhab Asmeskas nyob. Ntawm $ 401 nphom, $ 247 nphom yog suav los ntawm Asmeskas cov tuam txhab tiv thaiv, tag nrho los ntawm tag nrho cov seem ntawm 100 tuam txhab tsim khoom. Kev muag tag nrho ntawm tuam txhab Lavxias hauv xyoo 2009 muaj txog $ 9.2 nphom.
Cov npe hauv tebchaws tau muab lawv cov riam phom thiab khoom siv tshwj xeeb rau Asia thiab Oceania, uas suav txog 43% ntawm tag nrho cov tub rog hauv ntiaj teb xa tuaj. Tebchaws Europe suav txog 21%ntawm kev xa khoom siv riam phom, Middle East - 17%, North thiab South America - 12%, Africa - 7%.
Txawm hais tias nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm SIPRI sib txawv heev los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov koom haum hauv tebchaws cuam tshuam txog kev lag luam caj npab. Yog li, raws li Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Tub Rog (DSCA) ntawm Asmeskas Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg, qhov ntim ntawm lub tebchaws cov tub rog xa tawm xyoo 2010 piv rau xyoo 2009 poob qis, suav txog $ 31.6 nphom, xyoo 2009 tus lej no yog sib npaug rau $ 38.1 nphom. Nws hloov tawm tias tag nrho ntim ntawm Asmeskas cov tub rog kev muag khoom hauv 2006-2010 tau dhau los ua qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li 37 billion tshaj tawm los ntawm SIPRI.
Ib daim duab zoo sib xws tshwm sim nrog kev xav txog cov ntaub ntawv rau Russia. Raws li Rosoboronexport, lub tebchaws cov tub rog xa khoom hauv xyoo 2010 tau tshaj $ 10 nphom, thiab xyoo 2009 muaj txog $ 8.8 nphom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, xyoo 2000 txog 2010, Russia muag riam phom muaj nqis txog $ 60 nphom, muab khoom siv tub rog rau ntau dua 80 lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb.
Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kwv yees no piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias SIPRI suav tsuas yog qhov tseeb ntawm kev muag khoom tub rog, thiab tsoomfwv cov chaw lis haujlwm tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv, suav nrog tus nqi ntawm cov ntawv cog lus xaus. Ib qho ntxiv, cov ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm cov haujlwm suav nrog tus nqi ntawm kev cog lus rau qee hom riam phom, tus nqi ntawm daim ntawv tso cai muag thiab cov kev pabcuam tau muab. Tab sis, txawm li cas los xij, SIPRI cov lus teb muab cov duab dav dav ntawm kev lag luam riam phom thoob ntiaj teb.
