Lwm Lend-Lease. Infantry tank "Matilda": coj txawv txawv tsis txhais tau tias phem

Lwm Lend-Lease. Infantry tank "Matilda": coj txawv txawv tsis txhais tau tias phem
Lwm Lend-Lease. Infantry tank "Matilda": coj txawv txawv tsis txhais tau tias phem

Video: Lwm Lend-Lease. Infantry tank "Matilda": coj txawv txawv tsis txhais tau tias phem

Video: Lwm Lend-Lease. Infantry tank
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Anonim

Tseem, hauv cov Isles Askiv, tsis yog txhua yam zoo li tib neeg. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau cov sijhawm uas peb tab tom tham txog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais txog cov tso tsheb hlau luam. Okay nyob ntawd, phaus -ntiv tes, tab sis kuj tseem muaj kev faib tawm - koj tuaj yeem tuav koj lub taub hau thiab rhuav nws tawm.

Cov neeg muaj lub teeb, nruab nrab, hnyav tso tsheb hlau luam. Thiab cov neeg Askiv - caij nkoj, ua tub rog … Ntawm no peb yuav tham txog lub foob pob hluav taws "Matilda".

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Lub tank me me "Matilda II" tau tsim los nrog rau cov tub rog. Qhov no ua raws nws lub npe, uas feem ntau meej thiab nkag siab.

Lub tsheb 27-tuj tau tiv thaiv los ntawm 78-mm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, uas nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tsis nkag los ntawm ib rab phom German. Ib qho kev zam yog rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 88-mm thiab tom qab ntawd 75-mm phom tiv thaiv lub tank.

Lub tank tau siv riam phom 40-mm lossis (me ntsis tom qab) nrog 76-mm howitzer. Lub cav yog ntxaib AES lossis Leyland diesel cav nrog lub peev xwm tag nrho ntawm 174 lossis 190 hp, uas tso cai rau nws mus txog nrawm txog 25 km / h.

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Feem ntau, lub tank yooj yim heev thiab tau teev tseg zoo, yog tias muaj tus lej. Yog tias peb piv Matilda, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los sib piv nws nrog KV-1, txawm li cas los xij yuav hais tau, nrog lub tank hnyav.

Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub tank tub rog. Nws tsis tas yuav nrawm, cov tub rog nyob rau txhua qhov xwm txheej yuav tsis muab ntau dua 5 km / h nrawm. Hauv kev tawm tsam - 10. Yog li 25 km / h yog qhov zoo heev. Txaus, txij li "Matilda" tsis tas yuav mus nrog leej twg lossis kom sai sai los ntawm ib tus neeg. Lub tank no yuav tsum nkag mus nrog cov tub rog thiab txhawb nws nrog hluav taws, ris tsho hnav thiab taug kev.

Feem ntau, cia peb hais tias, "Matilda" tsis yog tag nrho hauv peb txoj kev nkag siab. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws los txog rau kev sib piv nrog Soviet counterparts.

Hais txog cov cuab yeej ua rog, Matilda tau zoo dua rau peb qhov hnyav KB (78 mm piv rau 75 mm), tab sis qis dua li rab phom 76-mm hais txog lub zog tua hluav taws.

Lub phom 40-mm Askiv tsis zoo li peb plaub caug tsib lub tso tsheb hlau luam hais txog kev nkag mus rau tej cuab yeej. Peb cov neeg ua haujlwm tank tau sau tseg "kev ntseeg tau ntawm lub cav diesel thiab lub ntiaj teb cov iav, nrog rau kev tswj tau yooj yim ntawm lub tank."

Cov cuab yeej ua rog, nrawm thiab maneuverability ntawm lub tank hnyav thiab riam phom ntawm lub teeb ib. Tank nruab nrab?

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Yog li, los ntawm txoj kev, "Matilda" tau sau tseg. Tank nruab nrab. Thiab lawv muab nws tso ua ke nrog T-34, uas feem ntau zoo li yog li ntawd. Cov tso tsheb hlau luam muaj qhov sib txawv hauv lub cev thiab lub hom phiaj, nrog rau lawv lub peev xwm los ua cov haujlwm.

Ib qho ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntawm Matilda cov cuab yeej ua rog yog qhov tsis muaj lub foob pob tawg tawg tawg rau 40-mm rab phom. Yog li ntawd, twb nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1941, raws li kev txiav txim los ntawm Lub Xeev Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg, Grabin tsim chaw lis haujlwm ntawm tsob ntoo No. 92 tsim txoj haujlwm rau kev rov txhim kho Matilda nrog 76-mm ZIS-5 rab phom thiab lub tshuab DT phom.

Txawm li cas los xij, tsis xav tau kev tshem riam phom ntxiv. Cov phoojywg Askiv tau kos cov lus xaus uas tsim nyog thiab thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1942 lub tsheb tua hluav taws pab tub rog MK. II "Matilda CS", ua tub rog nrog 76, 2-mm howitzer, thiab cov foob pob tawg loj, tau pib tuaj txog hauv peb lub tebchaws. Hauv qhov tseeb, txij lub sijhawm ntawd, "Matilda" tuaj yeem tawm tsam tsis yog nrog cov yeeb ncuab lub tsheb tiv thaiv.

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov xwm txheej yog qhov tsis muaj cov cuab yeej ua phom rau cov phom sij.

Ntawd yog, lub tank muaj nyob hauv ob daim ntawv: tiv thaiv lub tank thiab tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm. Nws zoo li me ntsis tsis muaj tseeb, tab sis qhov ntawd yog qhov ua kom sib haum.

Lwm Lend-Lease. Infantry tank "Matilda": coj txawv txawv tsis txhais tau tias phem
Lwm Lend-Lease. Infantry tank "Matilda": coj txawv txawv tsis txhais tau tias phem

Nyob rau tag nrho, txog thaum Lub Yim Hli 1943, 2,987 Matildas tau tsim tawm hauv tebchaws Askiv, uas 1,084 tau xa, thiab 918 tuaj txog hauv USSR. Qhov sib txawv yog qhov sib tw sib tw ntawm Luftwaffe thiab Kriegsmarine.

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Txij lub sijhawm thawj pawg ntawm "Matilda" nkag mus rau Pab Tub Rog Liab, peb cov neeg tso tsheb hlau luam tau haus kev tu siab nrog lawv. Qhov no tau sau tseg hauv qhov loj ntawm memoirs thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm.

"Matildas" tuaj txog hauv USSR nruab nrog lub npe hu ua "lub caij ntuj sov", uas tsis tau muab lub zog tsim nyog rau lub caij ntuj no. Thiab cov khoom siv, cia kuv ceeb toom koj, tau pib ua ntej lub caij ntuj no.

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Yog li ntawd, muaj cov xwm txheej thaum cov tso tsheb hlau luam tawm cov dej khov mus rau hauv cov kwj deg.

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Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem no, cov hlau tshwj xeeb "spurs" yuav tsum tau welded mus rau txoj kab ntawm txoj kab. Yog, thawj lub tso tsheb hlau luam Askiv uas "tsoo" peb cov tshuab ua haujlwm tau raws nraim "Matilda".

Ntxiv ntxiv. Hauv qhov hnyav heev, cov kav dej ntawm cov kua ua kom txias, nyob ze rau hauv qab, khov txawm tias thaum lub cav khiav.

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Yog tias koj saib ze rau ntawm lub nraub qaum ntawm lub tank, koj tuaj yeem pom meej tus lej me me "windows" nyob rau sab saud ntawm lub nraub qaum. Ib qhov twg hauv Asmeskas cov suab puam, dhau los ntawm "lub qhov rais" no, cov xuab zeb tau nchuav los ntawm txoj kev, uas lawv tau npaj tseg.

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Thiab ntawm no, hauv qhov tseeb ntawm Russia? Tsiv los ntawm cov av nkos thiab swamps, cov av nkoos tas li nyob tom qab lub nraub qaum ntawm lub tank, vim li ntawd, kab ntsig feem ntau yooj yim zom. Lub cav tau tawm mus thiab nyob ntsiag to, cov neeg coob, foom thiab nco qab lawv cov hlau Askiv nees nrog cov lus tsis zoo, nce mus kom tau txais cov cuab yeej nkag thiab rub cov hlua.

Kev nco txog cov tub rog pem hauv ntej tau qhia ntau dua ib zaj dab neeg txog yuav ua li cas Matilda cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum tso tseg yuav luag txhua txhua 4-5 kilometers thiab ntxuav lub hauv qab ntawm lawv cov tso tsheb hlau luam nrog cov neeg coob coob thiab cov duav.

Feem ntau, nws zoo li peb tau txais ib hom poj niam capricious thiab hothouse, uas yog qhov tsis muaj tseeb los siv hauv peb cov xwm txheej.

Yog, hauv Soviet lub sijhawm txhua yam tau nthuav tawm li no. Hais tias, cov phooj ywg tau muab cov muck xaiv. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg Askiv tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog nws, lawv tau muab cov cuab yeej uas peb tus kheej tau xaj rau peb. Tab sis ua li cas nws tshwm sim uas lub tank npaj rau kev ua tsov rog hauv tebchaws African cov tub rog tau tawm tsam hauv tebchaws Russia tawm ntawm txoj kev, hauv hav zoov thiab hav dej, lo lus nug no tseem tsis muaj lus teb meej thiab meej. Raws li cov npe ntawm cov uas tau xaiv thiab xaj cov tso tsheb hlau luam.

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Txawm li cas los xij, "Matildas" tau xaus rau hauv peb pab tub rog thiab tsis muaj dab tsi tuaj yeem ua tiav txog nws, tsuas yog siv lawv.

Thiab kev tsis txaus siab txog "flimsy" ntawm British tso tsheb hlau luam, hais tias, tsis ncaj ncees kiag li. Cov neeg ua haujlwm Tank tau kawm hauv Kazan. Cov khoom siv tau kawm hauv Gorky, qhov chaw tso tsheb hlau luam raug sim. Kaum tsib hnub, uas tau muab rau cov neeg ua haujlwm kom paub tsis yog cov khoom siv yooj yim tshaj plaws, tau hais meej tsis txaus. Yog li, ob peb lub tebchaws Askiv tau tso tseg thiab vim yog qhov ua txhaum ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm lawv tus kheej, ob qho tib si vim tias tsis yooj yim ntawm thev naus laus zis thiab lub sijhawm nyuaj ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, thiab vim tias qib kev qhia tsawg ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm.

Cov lus xaus dav dav ntawm lub tank tub rog Askiv yog raws li hauv qab no:

Lub tank MK-IIa muaj, hauv kev sib piv nrog cov tso tsheb hlau luam nruab nrab ntawm USSR, Asmeskas thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, qhov kom zoo dua uas nws suav nrog kev tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ib puag ncig muaj zog me me thiab qhov hnyav sib ntaus.

Qhov ua tau zoo tseem yog qhov kwv yees sib npaug ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm sab xub ntiag, sab thiab sab nraub qaum ntawm lub tank.

Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm lub tank MK-IIa (rab phom 40-mm) muab lub peev xwm los tua yeej cov yeeb ncuab feem ntau-T-I, T-II tso tsheb hlau luam hauv ib feem ntawm lub hull thiab turret; T-3, T-4 thiab Prague-38-T-nrog rau kev zam ntawm daim hlau thaiv hauv ntej.

Lub tank muaj qhov pom tau zoo heev.

Kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav ntawm lub tank yog qhov siv tau los ntawm qhov pom ntawm kev thauj tsheb nqaj hlau thiab kev muaj peev xwm hla teb chaws ntawm txoj kev hla kev thiab hla kev.

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub tank MK-IIa suav nrog:

a) qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm lub tank, vim lub zog muaj zog tsawg. Qhov tsis zoo no txwv tsis pub muaj peev xwm kov yeej cov teeb meem.

b) txwv kev tswj lub tank. Lub tank yog qhov nkag siab ntawm lo lus "Infantry" (cov tub rog), vim tias kev nrawm qis thiab qis roj ntau ua rau nws nyuaj rau siv nyob rau hauv kev cais tawm ntawm cov hauv paus thiab lwm yam riam phom."

Nws yog ib txwm rau peb sau txog lub chassis ntawm British tso tsheb hlau luam tshwj xeeb hauv cov suab tsis zoo. Tab sis kev sim ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov chaw sim ntawm cov tsheb tiv thaiv hauv Kubinka tau qhia tias Matilda tau pom meej meej qhov zoo.

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Piv txwv li, kev muaj lub nraub qaum tsis yog qhov nyuaj rau kev teeb tsa ntawm lub chassis thiab ua rau lub tank hnyav dua, tab sis tib lub sijhawm ua rau nws yooj yim kov yeej cov teeb meem thiab tiv thaiv tank hedgehogs. Ib qho ntxiv, cov ntxaij vab tshaus tiv thaiv lub chassis los ntawm kev raug tsoo los ntawm lub plhaub.

Feem ntau, Matilda lub chassis tsis suav tias yog qhov phem, tab sis tshwj xeeb.

Qhov nruab nrab nrawm ntawm kev txav mus los ntawm txoj kev ntog thiab daus-npog txoj kev yog 14.5 km / h, thaum lub tank siv 169 litres roj rau 100 kilometers. Tawm ntawm txoj kev, qhov nrawm tau nrawm dua - txog 7, 7 km / h. Kev siv roj kuj tseem nce ntxiv, suav txog 396 litres ib 100 kilometers. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, lub tank muaj roj txaus rau tsuas yog 55 kilometers.

Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias hauv peb qhov tseeb cov roj ntxiv ntawm lub tank hull tau dhau los ua tus qauv.

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Lub tank qhia tau zoo heev hla lub teb chaws muaj peev xwm daus. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov daus npog rau nws yog 600 hli; tsis yog txhua lub tank nruab nrab tuaj yeem kov yeej qhov kev txav no. Teeb meem tshwm sim thaum nce toj ntawm thaj chaw daus: vim tsis zoo nrog lub hauv av, lub tank tsis tuaj yeem kov yeej qhov nqes hav 12-degree.

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Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias peb kaw peb lub qhov muag rau cov teeb meem hauv nruab nrab nrog kev muaj peev xwm hla teb chaws, tom qab ntawd, raws li ntawv ceeb toom thiab ntawv ceeb toom, "Matilda" yog lub tank zoo heev.

Lub tank MK-II hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tau qhia lawv tus kheej ntawm qhov zoo. Txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm tau siv txog 200-250 puag ncig thiab 1-1, 5 ncig ntawm cov mos txwv ib hnub ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Txhua lub tank ua haujlwm 550-600 teev siv 220 teev.

Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam tau qhia txog qhov ua tau zoo tshwj xeeb. Cov tsheb ib leeg muaj 17-19 tsoo nrog 50 hli lub plhaub thiab tsis yog ib rooj plaub ntawm kev nkag mus rau tej cuab yeej ua ntej. Ntawm txhua lub tso tsheb hlau luam muaj cov teeb meem cuam tshuam ntawm tus yees, lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg thiab qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm rab phom thiab rab phom tshuab."

Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv lub caij ntuj no xyoo 1942, "Matildas" tau qhia lawv tus kheej rau qhov zoo. Cov cuab yeej tuab, piv rau KV-1, ib feem them rau qhov deb ntawm lub koom haum zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. German 50mm Pak 38 phom tiv thaiv lub tank nyob deb ntawm ib txwm tuaj yeem chalk Matilda, txawm hais tias nws txawv txav thiab qeeb.

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Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1942, Matildas tau nquag siv hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv Sab Hnub Poob, Kalinin thiab Bryansk, qhov twg yog qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua zoo tshaj plaws tau tshwm sim, thiab vim nws muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo tiv thaiv tiv thaiv, lub tank tau yooj yim heev rau siv hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua.

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Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1943, lub tebchaws Soviet tsis kam xa cov tsheb Matilda tso rau - los ntawm lub sijhawm no nws tau pom meej tias lawv tsis tau raws li qhov xav tau niaj hnub no. Hauv pab tub rog Askiv, thaum pib xyoo 1943, tsis muaj Matilda ib leeg nyob hauv cov chav sib ntaus. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tso tsheb hlau luam tau nquag siv hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua xyoo 1943, thiab hauv cov lus qhia tseem ceeb.

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Tab sis los ntawm lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1944, tsuas yog qee qhov luam ntawm Matilda tseem nyob hauv lub tank ntawm pab tub rog liab, thiab thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg lawv tsuas tuaj yeem pom hauv chav qhia.

TTX tank "Matilda"

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Kev sib ntaus hnyav, t: 26, 95

Crew, neeg: 4

Tus naj npawb ntawm kev tso tawm, pcs: 2987

Qhov ntev (kho kom raug)

Lub cev ntev, hli: 5715

Dav, hli: 2515

Qhov siab, hli: 2565

Kev tshem tawm, hli: 400

Kev tshwj tseg

Lub cev hauv pliaj (saum), hli / nroog: 75/0

Lub cev hauv pliaj (nruab nrab), hli / nroog: 47/65 °

Lub cev hauv pliaj (hauv qab), hli / nroog: 78/0

Lub cev pawg thawj coj saib, hli / nroog: 70/0

Lub cev pub mis (saum), hli / nroog: 55/0

Hauv qab, hli: 20

Lub cev lub cev, hli: 20

Ntauwd, hli / nroog: 75/0

Kev ua tub rog

Cannon: 1 х 40-mm QF, 67-92 phom mos txwv

Tshuab rab phom: 1 × 7, 7-mm "Vickers", 3000 ncig ntawm cov mos txwv

Cav: 2 kab 6-lub tog raj kheej ua kua txias txias cav, 87 hp nrog txhua tus

Ceev ntawm txoj kev loj, km / h: 24

Ceev tshaj qhov av ntxhib, km / h: 15

Kev caij nkoj ntawm txoj kev loj, km: 257

Kev caij nkoj hla lub tebchaws, km: 129

Nyob rau tag nrho, Matilda tau dhau los ua qhov yooj yim heev tshwj xeeb rau lub tank, ua tiav tsis tau npaj rau kev ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua tub rog li Soviet-German pem hauv ntej. Hais tias nws yog lub tank tsis zoo, txawm tias dhau los ntawm prism ntawm kev sib raug zoo tom ntej kev nom kev tswv, tseem tsis raug qhov tseeb.

Lub tank tshwj xeeb, thiab xyoo 1941-43 txhua yam uas nws tuaj yeem muab tau los ntawm nws.

Pom zoo: