Nyob zoo nyeem ntawv! Lub siab xav sau tsab xov xwm no tau tshwm sim tom qab luam tawm ntawm Polina Efimova txoj haujlwm "Lub nkoj Romanian: Rov qab mus rau Square". Kuv pib nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv txog cov nkoj no hauv Romanian, Italis, Spanish thiab Askiv cov peev txheej thiab tau txais los ntawm qhov no tias cov ntaub ntawv txaus rau tag nrho kab lus.
Nov yog kuv thawj zaug sau ntawm lub ntsiab lus nautical, yog li kuv thov zam txim yog tias kuv ib txwm tsis tau siv cov lus siv nautical.
Squadron destroyers of the Marashti type (Distrugători clasa Mărăşti - rum.) Kuj tseem muaj lub npe hu ua destroyers ntawm Vivor class (Distrugători clasa “Vifor”) thiab “tip M” (rum.); "Mărăști-class destroyers" (Lus Askiv); cruiser -scouts ntawm chav kawm "Aquila" (L'esploratore classe "Aquila" - Italian); destroyers ntawm Ceuta hom - destructores Clase Ceuta (Spanish) thiab destroyers ntawm lub teeb hom (USSR).
Lawv koom nrog cov subclass "cov thawj coj rhuav tshem", thiab lawv cov neeg ua tiav ncaj qha yog cov nkoj ntawm "Regele Ferdinand" / tip "R" (rum.) Hom.
Tag nrho ntawm 4 tus neeg rhuav tshem ntawm "Marashti" hom tau tsim thiab tsim tawm. Cov nkoj no tau koom nrog hauv ob qho kev tsov rog hauv ntiaj teb, thiab txij li lawv tau tshwm sim los caij nkoj hauv qab tus chij ntawm ntau lub xeev, lawv tau hloov pauv ntau zaus tsis yog lawv lub npe nkaus xwb, tab sis lawv cov riam phom thiab, raws li cov cai ntawm kev faib tawm hauv lub tebchaws, txawm tias lawv chav kawm. Txhua qhov, lawv tau siv lub neej ntev thiab muaj teeb meem.
Cov keeb kwm ntawm cov nkoj no tau pib xyoo 1913, thaum Lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Romania tau xaj kom tsim 4 lub nkoj tub rog ntawm "Distrugător" yam ntawm Italian Pattisson lub nkoj xa khoom hauv Naples (Cantieri C. & TT Pattison di Napoli). nyob rau hauv Russia destroyer, abbr. Destroyer). Raws li qhov tshwj xeeb, qhov nrawm ntawm cov neeg rhuav tshem yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 34 pob nrog tus qauv txav ntawm 1,700 tons. Txij li cov nkoj tau ua haujlwm hauv Hiav Txwv Dub, lawv tau xaiv roj rau 10 teev rau kev caij nkoj ntawm kev nrawm. Cov cuab yeej ua rog yuav tsum muaj xya rab phom (3x 120-mm / 45, 4x 75-mm / 50) thiab tsib 450-mm torpedo tubes. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg rhuav tshem yuav tsum tau khaws cia txog li 50 feeb thiab tus lej me me ntawm kev them nqi tob.
Cov nkoj no tau tsim los ntawm tus kws ua choj Luigi Scaglia. Los ntawm txoj kev, nws nyuam qhuav ua tiav kev tsim ntawm 6 Indomito-class destroyers rau Italian Royal Navy. Thaum pib, ntawm lub nkoj, cov nkoj ntawm "Romanian xaj" tau muab cov npe-cov npe: E1, E2, E3, E4, tab sis tsis ntev cov neeg siv khoom tau muab lawv cov npe Romanian hauv qab no: Vifor, Vijelia, Vârtej thiab Viscol. Txij thaum ntawd los, cov nkoj no tau dhau los ua lub npe hu ua "Vifor" chav rhuav tshem (Distrugători clasa "Vifor" rum.).
NTAWV … Distrugători (txiv neej, ntau tshaj) tau nyeem los ntawm Romanian Dis-tru-ge-TOR. Kev nyuab siab ntawm kab lus 4. "Destroyers" lossis "Destroyers" tau muab txhais. Distrugător (txiv neej, ib leeg) tau nyeem los ntawm Romanian Dis-tru-ge-TOP. Kev nyuab siab ntawm kab lus 4. "Destroyer" lossis "Destroyer" tau txhais.
Vifor (txiv neej, ib leeg) tau nyeem los ntawm Romanian VI-rau. Kev nyuab siab ntawm 1st syllable. Kev txhais lus: "Lub Tempest".
Vijelia (poj niam, zoo tshaj) tau nyeem los ntawm Romanian Vi-zhe-li-Ya. Kev nyuab siab ntawm kab lus 4. Kev txhais lus: “Cua daj cua dub / Cua daj cua dub / Cua daj cua dub”.
Vârtej (txiv neej, ib leeg) tau nyeem los ntawm Romanian Vyr-TER. Kev nyuaj siab ntawm lub suab lus thib 2. Kev txhais lus: (Cua daj cua dub / Dej ntas).
Viscol (txiv neej, ib leeg) tau nyeem los ntawm Romanian VIS-col. Kev nyuab siab ntawm 1st syllable. Kev txhais lus: (Blizzard / Blizzard / Blizzard / Blizzard / Blizzard).
Xyoo yog xyoo 1915, thiab Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1 tau pib lawm, tab sis Ltalis tseem nyob nruab nrab. Txawm li cas los xij, Great Britain yuam Ltalis tshaj tawm kev ua tsov rog rau Austria-Hungary, nrog rau tawm tsam txhua tus yeeb ncuab ntawm Entente. Ib thaj av tau cog lus tias yog "them rau cov ntshav" ntawm Ltalis.
Ntxiv mus, Tebchaws Askiv tau muab Ltalis qiv nyiaj txog million 50 lab.
Txij li thaum Ltalis tab tom npaj rau kev ua tsov rog, cov neeg Italians txiav txim siab tsis xa cov neeg rhuav tshem mus rau Royal Romanian Navy, thiab thaum Lub Rau Hli 5, 1915 xav tau cov nkoj ntawm "Romanian xaj" rau qhov xav tau ntawm Royal Italian Naval Forces. Txog lub sijhawm ntawd, cov nkoj ntawm "Romanian xaj" tau tab tom tsim kho hauv qib sib txawv ntawm kev npaj: Vifor - 60%, Vijelia - 50%, Vârtej - 20%, thiab Viscol tseem tsis tau tso tseg.
Txij li cov nkoj no tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua li lwm tus neeg rhuav tshem Italian ntawm cov xyoo ntawd hais txog kev txav chaw, riam phom thiab kev txav mus los, lawv tau muab cais ua Scout cruisers, thiab raws li Italian cais Esploratori. Lawv tau muaj txoj hmoo los ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm cov neeg rhuav tshem thiab pab tub rog tshawb nrhiav.
Lub tswv yim ntawm tus neeg caij nkoj-Scout "Aquila", 1917.
Los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Lub Xya Hli 27, 1916, cov nkoj tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm Italian Navy, tab sis tsis tau tso lawv lub npe qub tseg tom qab lawv, yog li lawv tau muab cov npe Italian: Vifor tau hloov npe Aquila (Dav dawb hau), Vijelie - Sparviero (Sparrowhawk), Vârtej - Nibbio (Kite) thiab Viscol - Falco (Hawk).
Txij thaum ntawd los, cov nkoj no tau dhau los ua lub npe hu ua L'esploratore classe "Aquila" - Italian.
Lawv kev tsim kho txuas ntxiv mus, tab sis rau ntau yam laj thawj, nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej hauv kev ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua haujlwm, nws tau ua tiav nrog qhov qeeb.
Ntxiv rau qhov "rov tsim dua tshiab" ntawm cov nkoj, qhov teeb meem ntawm lawv cov cuab yeej ua rog tau hloov kho. Nws tau txiav txim siab los nqa cov nkoj nrog cov riam phom hauv qab no: 7x 102-mm phom nrog lub phom ntev ntawm 35 calibers (4 "/ 35) ntawm cov kab ke ntawm tus kws kho tshuab Fabkis Gustave Canet, tsim los ntawm Askiv tuam txhab Armstrong Whitworth, ntxiv rau ob khub 450-mm torpedo tubes (2x2 17, 7 ").
Tab sis cov lus xaiv uas yog ib ntawm lawv cov yeeb ncuab yav tom ntej, Austro-Hungarian Navy, tau npaj yuav rov txhim kho nws tus neeg caij nkoj Admiral Spaun los ntawm kev hloov cov phom 100-mm nrog 150-mm, yaum cov Italians kom caj npab peb ntawm lawv twb ua tiav nkoj nrog lwm tus. hom kev siv rab phom loj, tab sis kuj Kane-Armstrong: 3 x 152-mm rab phom nrog rab phom ntev 40 calibers (6 " / 40), 4x 76-mm phom nrog lub phom ntev 40 calibers (3" / 40) thiab 2x ua ke 450-mm torpedo tubes devices (2x2 17, 7 ").
Thaum lub nkoj tab tom ua tiav, tsis tsuas yog ua tau hom riam phom loj tau tham, tab sis kuj yog nws qhov chaw nyob. Hauv qab no yog kev teeb tsa riam phom ntawm cov neeg rhuav tshem.
Kev txhais lus los ntawm Italis piav qhia rau lub tswv yim:
Kev ua tub rog ntawm "Aquila" thiab "Sparviero", xyoo 1916.
Kev ua tub rog ntawm "Aquila" thiab "Nibbio", Xyoo 1918.
Riam phom ntawm "Sparviero", Xyoo 1918.
Xyoo 1916, thaum lub nkoj thib plaub tseem tab tom ua tiav, ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm cov neeg rhuav tshem "Carlo Mirabello" (Mirabello-class destroyers), lawv txiav txim siab ntxiv dag zog rau kev ua tub rog los ntawm kev hloov 102-mm / 35 rab phom hneev nrog 152-mm / 40 (102/35 Mod. 1914 ntawm QF 6 hauv / 40 tsim los ntawm Armstrong-Whitworth). Txawm li cas los xij, cov phom no ua rau hnyav dhau rau cov nkoj no, thiab kev sim ua riam phom tau suav tias ua tsis tiav.
Yog li ntawd, nws tau txiav txim siab muab lub nkoj thib plaub thiab zaum kawg ntawm cov npe no hu ua "Falco" raws li hauv qab no: 5x 4, 7-nti (120 mm) phom nrog rab phom ntev ntawm 45 calibers (4, 7 "/ 45) thiab 2x 3-nti (76 mm) phom nrog lub phom ntev ntawm 40 calibers (3 "/ 40). 2x coaxial 450mm torpedo tubes (2x2 17.7 "), ntxiv rau 2x 6, 5mm hnyav tshuab phom Fiat-Revelli qauv 1914. Cov khoom ntawm cov mines tau txawv vim li cas tsis paub rau kuv.
Hauv qab no yog lub rooj ntawm cov phom loj, lub foob pob hluav taws thiab cov riam phom tiv thaiv submarine. Txij li thaum kuv tau txhais los ntawm ntau yam lus txawv teb chaws, Kuv tsis paub meej txog lub hom phiaj ntawm cov mines: peb tab tom tham txog kev cuam tshuam los yog kev tiv thaiv kev nqes peev hauv submarine. Cov neeg Askiv yooj yim sau “Mines”, thiab cov Italians sau “mine & bombe di profondità” - cov mines thiab cov nqi tob. Tej zaum, lawv tuaj yeem nqa ob lub mines thiab tus lej ntawm qhov nqi tsub.
Aquila thiab Sparviero tau ua haujlwm nyob rau xyoo 1917 thiab muaj sijhawm los tawm tsam, Nibbio tau tawm tsam tsuas yog ob peb lub hlis, thiab Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Thib 1 tau xaus, tab sis Falco tau ua haujlwm nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab tsov rog.
Xyoo 1920, Ltalis pauv 2 ntawm plaub lub nkoj uas xav tau mus rau Romania: Sparviero thiab Nibbio. Lawv tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm Romanian Royal Navy, tab sis Romanians tsis tso lawv lub npe qub tseg tom qab lawv, yog li lawv tau muab lwm lub npe Romanian: Sparviero tau hloov npe Mărăşti, thiab Nibbio tau hloov npe Mărăşeşti thiab tau pib cais ua cov neeg rhuav tshem. Txij thaum ntawd los, cov nkoj no tau dhau los ua lub npe hu ua Mareshti -class destroyers (Distrugători clasa Mărăşti - rum.)
NTAWV … Lub npe tag nrho ntawm cov nkoj: NMS “Mărăşti” thiab NMS “Mărăşeşti”. NMS = Nava Majestatii Muag = Nws Huab Tais Lub Nkoj.
Mărăşti tau nyeem los ntawm Romanian Mé-RESHT. Kev nyuaj siab ntawm lub suab lus thib 2. Nws tau tso cai los hais "Me-NESh-ty" ua lus Lavxias. Kev nyuaj siab ntawm lub suab lus thib 2.
Mărăşeşti tau nyeem los ntawm Romanian Mé-re-SESHT. Kev nyuaj siab ntawm kab lus thib 3. Nws raug tso cai los hais ua lus Lavxias "Me-re-Shesh-ty". Kev nyuaj siab ntawm kab lus thib 3.
Cov no yog cov chaw nyob hauv Nroog Vrancea, Romania. Thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, nws yog thaj chaw ua rog, nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1917 cov tub rog Romanian, uas tau tawm tsam ntawm sab Entente, yeej ib ntawm ob peb qhov kev yeej loj: lawv tau nres ua ntej ntawm German thiab Austro-Hungarian. cov tub rog ntawm Mareshesti, Maresti thiab Oytuz.
Tom qab hloov Sparviero thiab Nibbio mus rau Romanian Royal Navy (hauv qee qhov chaw "muag"), Cov neeg Italians tau txiav txim siab rov nruab cov nkoj uas lawv tau tso tseg: Aquila thiab Falco.
Xyoo 1937, Aquila tau rhuav tshem tag nrho 3 152mm / 40 phom thiab 2 ntawm plaub rab phom 76mm / 40, thiab Falco tau rhuav tshem ib qho ntawm tsib rab phom 120/45. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, ob lub nkoj uas tseem ua haujlwm nyob hauv qab tus chij ntawm Italian Navy tau txais cov cuab yeej siv phom loj ib yam: 4 rab phom ntawm lub zog loj 120mm / 45 thiab 2 rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 76mm / 40 txhua.
Tom qab tau txais cov neeg rhuav tshem Sparviero thiab Nibbio, Royal Romanian Navy kuj tau txiav txim siab kom rov ua rau lawv, thiab xyoo 1926 lawv tau hloov 3 152mm / 40 phom nrog peb rab phom 120mm.
Thiab nyob rau xyoo 1944, tau muaj kev phom sij tom ntej: ntawm cov neeg rhuav tshem Mărăşti (ex-Sparviero) thiab Mărăşeşti (ex-Nibbio), lawv tau rhuav tshem 2 ntawm 4 37-mm phom txhua thiab hloov lawv nrog ob rab phom 20-mm tsis siv neeg.
Ib qho ntxiv, 6, 5-mm tshuab rab phom tau hloov nrog qhov loj-loj li 13, 2-mm.
Kuv ntseeg tias peb tab tom tham txog kev hloov kho lub dav hlau 20-mm tsis siv neeg lub cannons "Oerlikon" ntawm FFS series thiab cov tub rog caij nkoj-ib leeg tiv thaiv dav hlau sib tsoo nrog 13.2 mm Hotchkiss tshuab phom.
Hauv qhov kawg version, riam phom ntawm cov neeg rhuav tshem thaum kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob zoo li no:
Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 11, 1937, Italian Aquila thiab Falco tau muag muag rau cov neeg Spanish haiv neeg. Cov neeg Spanish hloov npe Aquila rau Melilla (Lavxias Melilla), thiab Falco rau Ceuta (Lavxias Ceuta). Melilla thiab Ceuta tau rov txiav txim siab rhuav tshem.
Zaj dab neeg nrog cov npe ntawm cov neeg rhuav tshem Spanish tsim nyog tau txais kev hais tshwj xeeb, thiab kuv txiav txim siab los qhia txog nws hauv cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws hauv ntu tom ntej ntawm kab lus no.
