Vim li cas lawv thiaj tsim lub tswv yim hais txog "Muscovy"

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Vim li cas lawv thiaj tsim lub tswv yim hais txog "Muscovy"
Vim li cas lawv thiaj tsim lub tswv yim hais txog "Muscovy"

Video: Vim li cas lawv thiaj tsim lub tswv yim hais txog "Muscovy"

Video: Vim li cas lawv thiaj tsim lub tswv yim hais txog "Muscovy"
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Nyob rau sab hnub poob, txhawm rau txiav tawm keeb kwm ntawm Russia, thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th -16th, lawv tau tsim cov dab neeg "Muscovy" - lub xeev Muscovites. Allegedly, niaj hnub no Russia yog tus txais rau tsuas yog tus thawj tswj hwm Moscow, thiab cov neeg Lavxias yog cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm "Muscovites". Cov dab neeg no tau tsim los rau kev tshaj tawm los ua pov thawj tias Moscow tus thawj coj thiab tsars tsis muaj txoj cai los kav txhua thaj av Lavxias. Tam sim no, cov dab neeg no tau rov tshwm sim dua hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub tswv yim: "Ukraine yog Russia tiag, thiab Russia yog Muscovy."

Ua ntej kev ntxeem tau ntawm Batu, cov ntsiab lus ntawm Great, Me thiab Dawb Russia (Rus) tsis muaj nyob hauv Russia. Tsis muaj, thiab lwm yam. peb ceg ntawm cov neeg Lavxias: Great Russians, Me Russians, Ukrainians thiab Belarusians. Cov "haiv neeg" no tsis tau tso tseg ib qho cim hauv keeb kwm! Yog vim li cas yooj yim: Cov pab pawg neeg zoo li no yeej tsis tau muaj dua! Hauv keeb kwm keeb kwm, tsuas yog Russia, thaj av Lavxias, cov neeg Lavxias, haiv neeg Lavxias, Rus, Rusichi, dews, Lavxias tus thawj coj, Lavxias lub nroog, Lavxias qhov tseeb, thiab lwm yam tau paub.

Zoo kawg, Malaya thiab Belaya Rus (Russia) tsis nqa ib haiv neeg lossis cov ntsiab lus hauv tebchaws, lawv tsuas yog xaiv thaj chaw uas cov neeg Lavxias nyob, cov sawv cev ntawm Lavxias super-ethnos. Cov cheeb tsam no tau nyob los ntawm Rus-Russians, uas, thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev sib cav sib ceg thiab tom qab Horde ntxeem tau, xaus rau hauv ntau lub xeev. Ntxiv mus, feem ntau yog nyob hauv Lavxias lub xeev. Hmoov tsis zoo, feem ntau ntawm cov neeg Lavxias niaj hnub no tsis nco qab, tsis paub (vim muaj kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv Lavxias muaj zog) tias Grand Duchy ntawm Lithuania thiab Russia, uas koom ua ke Sab Qab Teb thiab Sab Hnub Poob Tebchaws Russia, yog lub xeev Lavxias! Feem coob ntawm thaj av, nroog thiab cov pejxeem ntawm qhov uas hu ua. Cov neeg Lithuanians yog neeg Lavxias, Orthodox, lossis pagans. Tsuas yog tom qab ntau pua xyoo ntawm kev muaj zog sab hnub poob nyuaj, tus thawj coj-boyar cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm Grand Duchy ntawm Lithuania thiab Russia tau hloov pauv mus rau sab hnub poob, ua rau muaj kuab paug, thiab hloov pauv mus rau Catholicism. Tus Grand Duchy tau nyob hauv tebchaws Poland.

Cov ntsiab lus "Me" thiab "Great" Russia tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo XIV thiab tsis muaj kev coj noj coj ua lossis lub tebchaws tseem ceeb. Lawv tsis tau tsim nyob rau hauv av Russia, tab sis txawv teb chaws, thiab rau lub sijhawm ntev tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb. Lawv tau tshwm sim hauv Constantinople, los ntawm qhov uas lawv tau txiav txim rau lub Koom Txoos Lavxias, hauv qab mus rau Patriarchate ntawm Constantinople. Thaum xub thawj, tag nrho thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias lub xeev tau hu ua Byzantium "Rus lossis" Russia ". Tom qab thaj av Russia sab qab teb thiab sab hnub poob poob hauv txoj cai ntawm Poland thiab Lithuania hauv Constantinople, txhawm rau txhawm rau cais cov av no los ntawm lwm lub tebchaws Russia, uas tau txais lub npe "Zoo", lawv pib hu nws "Me Russia" (Russia). Los ntawm Greek cov ntaub ntawv, cov ntsiab lus tshiab qhia ntau yam "Russia" pom lawv txoj hauv kev rau Polish, Lithuanian thiab Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev sib txawv hauv tebchaws tsis tau ua: txhua thaj av tau nyob los ntawm cov neeg Lavxias. Thaum, tom qab kev koom nrog Me Russia thiab Belarus, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich pib raug hu ua "Txhua Tus Zoo thiab Me thiab Dawb thiab Dawb Russia raws li kev ywj pheej" - qhov no txhais tau tias yog lub tswv yim ntawm kev koom ua ke tag nrho cov neeg Lavxias nyob hauv thaj av uas yav dhau los tau koom nrog lub qub Lavxias xeev thiab tau txais ntau lub npe tom qab nws vau.

Lub tswv yim ntawm "peb Russia" muaj txoj sia nyob mus txog rau xyoo 1917. Tab sis nws tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo pua puv 19 uas cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse tuaj nrog "peb haiv neeg sib txawv." Cov neeg Lavxias lawv tus kheej tsis tau paub txog qhov no. Txij li puag thaum ub los, tib neeg zoo li tau siv ib lub npe rau lawv lub tebchaws: Rus-Russians. Tsuas yog tom qab xyoo 1917 kev hloov pauv, peb "tib neeg" tau tsim los ntawm cov lus qhia: Cov neeg Lavxias uas nyob hauv "Great Russia" tau tawm ntawm cov neeg Lavxias, thiab "Ukrainians" thiab "Belarusians" tau tsim.

Thaum muaj kev sib cav ntau txhiab xyoo ntawm Lavxias thiab Western kev vam meej, cov tswv ntawm Sab Hnub Poob tau sim nrog txhua lub zog los ua kom Russia tsis muaj zog. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm, ntxiv rau faib cov Lavxias Lavxias superethnos, txhawm rau txhim kho nws qhov chaw uas pom lawv tus kheej hauv lwm lub xeev tias lawv yog "tshwj xeeb, cais tib neeg", txhawm rau ua si cov neeg Lavxias tawm tsam Russians. Cov tswv ntawm Sab Hnub Poob tau ua qhov no ntau dua ib zaug hauv ib txhiab xyoo. Yog li, ntau txhiab xyoo dhau los, pab pawg neeg Slavic-Lavxias, sab hnub poob tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg-haiv neeg super ntawm Rus, nyob ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Central Europe-niaj hnub no Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab Austria. Tau ntau pua xyoo, muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua, sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Sab Hnub Poob (cov lus txib ntawm Western ntiaj teb tom qab ntawd nyob hauv Rome) nrog Western Rus. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Lavxias tau raug rhuav tshem, ua qhev los yog tsav mus rau sab hnub tuaj. Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm pab pawg Slavic-Lavxias tau ua qhev thiab sib sau ua ke, rhuav tshem cov lus Lavxias, kev ntseeg thiab kev coj noj coj ua. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, lawv tau rhuav tshem lossis sib sau cov neeg tseem ceeb - cov thawj coj thiab cov tub hluas, tua pov tseg lub pov thawj hwj ua tus saib xyuas tib neeg lub cim xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, feem coob ntawm cov nroog qub hauv tebchaws Yelemes (Berlin, Brandenburg-Branibor, Rostock, Dresden-Drozdyany, Leipzig-Lipitz thiab ntau lwm qhov) yog ib zaug neeg Lavxias, thiab tam sim no "Germans" yog 80% cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Slavs thiab Russes. Muaj kev ua qhev "Slavic Atlantis" hauv Central Europe, Rome tso tseg cov qub Slavs ("German-ruam") rau cov neeg Lavxias nyob sab hnub tuaj. Cov txheej txheem "Onslaught on the East" tau ntau pua xyoo.

Sab hnub poob glades (Poles), ib feem ntawm Lavxias super-ethnos, cov kwv tij ntawm sab hnub tuaj glades, nyob hauv Nruab Nrab Dnieper cheeb tsam, tau kho nrog cov txheej txheem zoo sib xws. Tam sim no nws tsis yog ib txwm coj los nco txog qhov no, tab sis ib txhiab, tsib puas xyoo dhau los, cov neeg Lavxias thiab Tus Kheej yog ib feem ntawm tib tus neeg super-ethnos. Ua ntej ua kev cai raus dej, Cov neeg Lavxias thiab Tus Kheej (Tus Kheej) tau hais tib yam lus, thov Vajtswv rau tib tus tswv ntuj, thiab muaj kev coj noj coj ua ntawm sab ntsuj plig thiab kev coj noj coj ua. Tsuas yog Rome, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm Poland tag nrho, sib sau ua ke. Txoj haujlwm no tau ua tiav nrog cov neeg tseem ceeb Polish. Thiab cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe Polish, cov neeg siab zoo tau dhau los ua neeg ruam thiab txhoj puab heev ntawm kev tawm tsam sab hnub poob nrog Russia ntxiv. Yog li, Slavic Poland rau ntau pua xyoo thiab txog rau tam sim no tau ua "anti-Rus", lub xeev nruj heev, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tsov rog nrog Rus-Russia.

Los ntawm tib cov txheej txheem, ntau pua xyoo dhau los, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau xyoo XX thiab thaum ntxov XXI ib xyoos, cog thiab sab qab teb, Sab Hnub Poob Russia - "Me Russia -Russia". Ua ntej, Rome, Poland, Austria thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees nqa tawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev tshaj tawm ua haujlwm nrog kev kawm ib feem ntawm cov pejxeem, tsim cov neeg txawj ntse ntawm Ukraine. Tom qab xyoo 1917, cov neeg hloov pauv thoob ntiaj teb, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm txoj cai ntawm "txoj cai ntawm cov haiv neeg los txiav txim siab tus kheej", raws txoj cai tau tsim lub xeev Ukrainian thiab "tib neeg". Yuav luag ib puas xyoo, "Ukrainians" rau feem ntau tseem yog Lavxias - hauv lus, kab lis kev cai, keeb kwm, kev kawm, keeb kwm. Cov txheej txheem ntawm Ukrainianization tau mus tsis ntev los no, tsis hais txog qhov twg. Tsuas yog tom qab xyoo 1991, thaum Sab Hnub Poob tau ua tiav kev rhuav tshem Great Russia, cais Me thiab Dawb Russia los ntawm nws, cov txheej txheem tau ua rau pom tseeb, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj. Txog tam sim no, Ukraine tau ua "tiv thaiv Russia", cov neeg Lavxias tau raug tawm tsam cov neeg Lavxias. Ib haiv neeg Ukrainian chimera tau tsim, tsuas yog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua tsov rog nrog rau Russia ntxiv, nrog lwm tus neeg Lavxias ("Muscovites-Muscovites"). Raws li xeeb los ntawm tus tswv ntawm Sab Hnub Poob, Me Russia, nyob los ntawm ib feem ntawm Lavxias super-ethnos, yuav tsum tau tua tus kheej thiab, raws li txoj kev, ua rau lub qhov txhab tuag rau tag nrho ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntiaj teb.

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Duab

Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev siv Russia, tus kws kos duab Mercator, 1595 Muscovy raug xaiv los ua ib qho ntawm nws thaj chaw

Raws li ib feem ntawm txoj kev npaj yuav tshem tawm ib thaj av Lavxias thiab Lavxias super-ethnos, cov lus dab neeg ntawm "Muscovy" tau yug los. Nws tau tshwm sim thaum tig ntawm 15th-16th centuries. Cov tswv ntawm Sab Hnub Poob yuav tsum tawm tsam Grand Duchy ntawm Moscow ("Muscovy"), uas koom ua ke North-Eastern Russia, thiab Grand Duchy ntawm Lithuania thiab Russia, uas koom ua ke thaj av ntawm South-Western Russia. Txhawm rau thim txoj cai ntawm Moscow rau txhua thaj av Lavxias, cov neeg txhawb nqa Polish-Lithuanian tau sim ua ke lub npe "Rus" tsuas yog rau "lawv" ib feem ntawm thaj av Lavxias. Thiab North-Eastern Russia pib hu ua "Muscovy", nws cov neeg nyob hauv "Muscovites". Los ntawm Grand Duchy ntawm Lithuania thiab Poland, lub sijhawm no tau los rau lwm lub tebchaws Catholic, feem ntau yog Ltalis thiab Fabkis. Nyob hauv Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv Roman thiab cov tebchaws nyob sab Europe Europe, lub npe haiv neeg tseeb ntawm Moscow lub xeev yeej - "Russia" lossis "Russia", txawm hais tias lub npe "Muscovy" kuj tshwm nyob ntawd. Txhawm rau kom cov neeg Lavxias tsis muaj zog, nws yuav tsum tau faib thiab ntshav. Yog li ntawd, lub tswv yim tau yug los tias "Muscovites" thiab "Russians" yog ob haiv neeg sib txawv.

Hauv cov lus Lavxias, lo lus Latin "Muscovy" tau tshwm sim nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 18 thiab yog ib qho qiv nyiaj. Lub sij hawm qhia ua ntej Petrine Russia lossis Moscow thiab cheeb tsam Moscow. Lub sijhawm no, lo lus tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus tsis zoo.

Nyob rau xyoo 19th, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse Polish, uas ntxub Russia rau kev koom nrog hauv kev sib cais ntawm Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth thiab rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm Polish statehood, rov nco txog Muscovy thiab Muscovites. Tam sim no qhov kev xav no tau coj los ntawm kev ntxub ntxaug lwm haiv neeg. Yog li, tus kws sau keeb kwm Polish Franciszek Duchinsky tau dhau los ua tus sau ntawm Turanian txoj kev xav ntawm Asiatic keeb kwm ntawm "Muscovites". Allegedly "Muscovites-Muscovites" tsis yog ntawm Slavic thiab txawm tias yog rau Aryan zej zog, tab sis koom nrog ib ceg ntawm Turanian tsev neeg ntawm kev sib npaug nrog Mongols. Cov neeg Lavxias tiag (Rusyns) tsuas yog Cov Neeg Lav Xias Me thiab Belarusians, uas nyob ze rau tus Pole hauv keeb kwm. Thiab cov lus ntawm "Muscovites" yog lub Koom Txoos Slavonic cov lus, siv dag siv dag ntxias thiab ua phem los ntawm lawv, uas tau muab qee cov lus Turanian (Turkic) nrov uas tau muaj ua ntej. Ciam teb nruab nrab ntawm "Muscovites-Asians" thiab "Aryans" (Poles thiab Rusyns), Cov neeg txawj xav Polish tau kos raws Dnieper. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, "Muscovites-Asians" raug suav tias yog neeg phem. Raws li ib feem ntawm kev tawm tsam "Muscovy", nws yuav tsum tau cais nws los ntawm "kev coj noj coj ua thiab ua kom pom kev Europe," Poland (suav nrog Me thiab Dawb Russia) yuav tsum ua lub luag haujlwm tsis zoo. Qhov kev xav no tau dhau mus thoob plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe Sab Hnub Poob thiab nkag mus rau lub siab ntawm "Ukrainian" kev txawj ntse.

Tom qab ntawd, Askiv tau thov kom tshem tawm "Muscovites" los ntawm Asia. Hitler, raws li ib feem ntawm txoj kev npaj los rhuav tshem kev vam meej ntawm Lavxias, npaj los tsim Reichskommissariat ntawm Muscovy. Txwv cov lus xws li "Lavxias" thiab "Russia", hloov lawv nrog "Moscow" thiab "Muscovy". Nazi cov kws tshaj lij tau sau tseg tias txhawm rau rhuav tshem cov neeg Lavxias, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los faib lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm lub tebchaws mus rau hauv me dua, Sab Hnub Tuaj Slavic.

Cov kev xav tam sim no ntawm Ukrainian Nazis rov ua cov kev xav no hauv txoj hauv kev tshiab. Lub tswv yim tau lees paub tias niaj hnub no Russia - "Muscovy" tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog keeb kwm ntawm Ancient (Kievan) Rus. Tus txais cuab tam rau Ancient Rus yog xav tias yog Ukraine ("Ukraine-Rus"). Cov neeg Lavxias niaj hnub no yog "Muscovites-Muscovites", sib xyaw ntawm Slavs, Finno-Ugrians thiab Mongols. Thiab cov qub txeeg qub teg ntawm cov neeg Lavxias thaum ub yog "Ukrainians". Tam sim no nws tau ntseeg tias "Muscovites" tau nyiag cov lus, kev ntseeg thiab lub npe ntawm lub tebchaws los ntawm cov neeg Ukrainian.

Yog li, lub tswv yim ntawm "Muscovy" thiab "Ukraine-Rus", "Great" thiab "Little" Rus tau yug los nyob rau sab hnub poob. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog cais thiab ua si ib feem ntawm ib leeg Lavxias superethnos ntawm lawv tus kheej, kom tsis muaj zog thiab rhuav tshem cov neeg Lavxias thiab Lavxias kev vam meej, kev yeeb ncuab tseem ceeb ntawm Sab Hnub Poob ntawm ntiaj chaw

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Duab

Reichskommissariat Muscovy raws li txoj haujlwm dav dav "Ost" (1941). Tau qhov twg los:

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