100 xyoo dhau los, thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1920, Soviet pab tub rog ntawm Caucasian Front tau ua haujlwm Tikhoretsk thiab ua rau muaj kev swb hnyav rau Denikin cov tub rog. White Guard Front tau tawg, cov seem ntawm pab tub rog Dawb tau rov qab los ntawm kev sib cais, uas tau txiav txim siab ua ntej los ntawm pab tub rog liab nyob rau sab qaum teb Caucasus.
Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm no, kev sib ntaus sib tua loj tshaj plaws ntawm Yegorlyk tau tshwm sim hauv Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, qhov twg tag nrho cov rog ntawm ob tog mus txog 25 txhiab tus neeg caij nees.
Kuban Teeb meem
Thaum cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb thiab Donets tau tawm tsam ntawm Don-Manych pem hauv ntej thiab yeej lawv qhov kev yeej zaum kawg, tom qab Denikin cov tub rog tau tawg tag. Txawm hais tias lub hauv ntej tau mus ncaj qha rau Kuban, tsuas yog ob peb txhiab Kuban Cossacks tseem nyob hauv Denikin cov tub rog. Lwm tus neeg Kuban tau tso tseg lossis mus rau lawv lub zos ib txwm rau "kev rov txhim kho" (qhov tseeb, lawv tau tso tseg nrog kev tso cai ntawm qhov hais kom ua). Cov txheej txheem ntawm "tsim" ntu tshiab coj los ua tus yam ntxwv tsis paub kawg. Thiab Kuban cov tub rog uas tseem nyob ntawm xub ntiag tau tawg tag thiab nyob ntawm qhov ze ntawm kev sib tsoo.
Kuban "saum" tau rov qab sib dua, uas Denikin tsuas yog tsis ntev los no nrog kev pab los ntawm General Pokrovsky. Tus thawj coj ntawm 4th Kev Sib Koom Cavalry Corps, Tus Thawj Coj Loj Uspensky, uas tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj coj ntawm Kuban pab tub rog, uas tau sim ua txoj cai sib hais haum, nyob hauv nws txoj haujlwm tsuas yog ib hlis. Nws kis tus kab mob typhus thiab tuag. Sab laug-tis nom tswv thiab tus kheej-styled activists tam sim ntawd los ua haujlwm. Siv xov xwm ntawm kev swb ntawm Denikin cov tub rog, uas ua rau muaj kev hem thawj ntawm kev siv tub rog tub rog, lawv ua rau Kuban Rada poob qis. Rada tshem tawm txhua qhov kev pom zoo rau Supreme Soviet ntawm Yugoslavia thiab rov ua nws txoj cai lij choj. General Bukretov tau raug xaiv los ua tus Kuban tshiab. Nws tau tawm tsam ua siab tawv thaum lub ntiaj teb ua tsov rog ntawm Caucasian pem hauv ntej, tab sis thaum muaj kev kub ntxhov nws tau sau tseg rau kev tsim txom, txawm tias raug ntes ntawm kev xiab nyiaj.
Cov lus tshaj tawm hauv Rada thiab tsoomfwv hauv cheeb tsam tau coj los ntawm cov neeg txhawb kev ywj pheej thiab cov pej xeem, uas rov mus rau kev sib cais. Ib qho kev txiav txim siab tsis tau ua los ntawm qhov xav tau, tab sis rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Siab Tshaj ntawm Cov Tub Rog. Socialist-Revolutionaries, uas tau hais txog qhov xav tau kev tawm tsam, thiab Mensheviks, uas tau thov kom muaj kev pom zoo nrog Bolsheviks, tau ua haujlwm ntau dua. Tsis muaj leej twg thab lawv. Txhua qhov kev sim tsim pab tub rog tshiab hauv Kuban tau ua phem. General Wrangel tau npaj los tsim pab tub rog tub rog tshiab hauv Kuban, tib neeg thiab cov khoom siv tau muaj rau qhov no, tab sis txhua qhov nws tau sim ua rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv nroog thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tuag.
Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 18, 1920, Lub Cossack Supreme Supreme tau sib sau ua ke hauv Yekaterinodar: cov neeg sawv cev los ntawm pab tub rog Don, Kuban thiab Terek. Lub Tuam Tsev Loj tshaj tawm nws tus kheej "lub hwj chim zoo tshaj" hauv Don, Kuban thiab Terek, thiab pib tsim "kev ywj pheej koom nrog lub xeev" txhawm rau tawm tsam Bolsheviks thiab tsim kom muaj kev ywj pheej thiab kev txiav txim sab hauv. Nws yog qhov pom tseeb tias qhov kev pib ua haujlwm tseem tsis tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, tsuas yog nce kev tsis meej pem thiab tsis xav ua. Cov neeg sawv cev tau sib cav tam sim ntawd. Tertsy thiab feem ntau ntawm Donets sawv rau qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm kev tawm tsam nrog Reds. Cov neeg sab laug tis Kuban thiab ib feem ntawm cov neeg Don tau xav ua kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb nrog Bolsheviks. Ib qho ntxiv, feem ntau ntawm Kuban cov neeg thiab qee tus neeg Don tau txhawb kev so nrog tsoomfwv Denikin. Denikin tau tshaj tawm tias yog "kev tsis txaus siab" thiab tso rau pem hauv ntej utopian cov phiaj xwm ntawm kev koom tes nrog Georgia, Azerbaijan, Petliura thiab txawm tias yog laib ntawm "ntsuab". Kev thov tau rov ua dua los txwv kev tiv thaiv ntawm Kuban. Tam sim ntawd, kev npau suav tau tshwm sim txog "kho cov ciam teb" ntawm thaj tsam Cossack los ntawm suav nrog ib feem ntawm Voronezh, Tsaritsyn, Stavropol thiab Hiav Txwv Dub.
Kuban pab tub rog thiab tsoomfwv Lavxias sab qab teb
Cov neeg Western, uas muaj lawv tus kheej nyiam nyob txhua qhov chaw, tsis sawv ib sab. Bukretov tau sib tham nrog Askiv thiab Fab Kis los tsim tsoomfwv South Russia "kev ywj pheej". Rada tshaj tawm tias Askiv yuav txhawb nqa lawv thiab muab txhua yam uas lawv xav tau. Muaj tseeb, General Holman tam sim ntawd luam tawm qhov tsis lees paub. Lub Vaj Tsev Loj Tshaj Plaws tsis muaj lub zog. Tab sis daim duab zoo heev ntawm kev tawg ntawm lub nraub qaum thiab qhov tsis muaj peev xwm hloov pauv lub zog los ntawm sab xub ntiag, uas tau tawg ntawm lub nqaws, tsis tso cai rau Denikin rov kho qhov kev txiav txim. Nws tsuas tuaj yeem hem cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb kom tawm mus, uas ua rau txias qhov kub taub hau nyob tom qab. Nws yog qhov zoo los koom nrog hauv "kev ua nom ua tswv" thiab kev hais lus nyob hauv qab kev tiv thaiv ntawm bayonets ntawm White Guards. Kev tuaj txog ntawm Bolsheviks yuav ua rau qhov xaus rau qhov orgy no (uas tshwm sim sai sai no).
Yog li ntawd, Denikin, txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev so nrog kev tsis txaus siab thiab ua tsov rog hnyav ntawm Cossacks, tau ua raws kev pom zoo. Yog li, nws pom zoo rau kev tsim Kuban Army ntawm AFYUR. Nws tau tsim thaum Lub Ob Hlis 8, 1920 los ntawm kev rov txhim kho Caucasian pab tub rog, uas dhau los ua Kuban. Ua ntej, Shkuro, nrov hauv Kuban, coj pab tub rog tshiab, tom qab ntawd Ulagai. Cov tub rog suav nrog 1st, 2nd thiab 3rd Kuban corps.
Tsis tas li ntawd, tus thawj coj ntawm Pawg Tub Rog ntawm Yugoslavia tau sib tham nrog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Lub Vajvoog ntawm kev tsim lub zog thoob tebchaws. Tom qab kev khiav tawm ntawm Rostov, Lub Rooj Sib Tham Tshwj Xeeb tau yaj, nws tau hloov los ntawm tsoomfwv tshiab los ntawm General Lukomsky raws li tus thawj coj ntawm AFSR. Tsoomfwv muaj pes tsawg leeg tau zoo ib yam, tab sis nyob hauv kev txo qis. Thiab thaj chaw tswj hwm los ntawm Denikin cov tub rog tau raug txo qis - mus rau Xeev Hiav Txwv Dub, ib feem ntawm Stavropol Cheeb Tsam thiab Crimea. Tam sim no lawv tau npaj los tsim tsoomfwv tshiab nrog kev koom tes ntawm Cossacks. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Denikin lees paub thiab mus rau qhov kev pom zoo nrog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cheeb tsam Don, Kuban thiab Terek. Cov tub rog ntawm Cossack lub xeev tsim tau nyob hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm Denikin, thiab lawv cov neeg sawv cev tau suav nrog hauv tsoomfwv tshiab. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1920, Tsoomfwv South Russia tau tsim. Denikin tau tshaj tawm tias yog lub taub hau ntawm tsoomfwv tshiab. N. M. Melnikov (tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm tsoomfwv Don) tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm tsoomfwv, General A. K. Kelchevsky (tus thawj coj ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Don pab tub rog) tau los ua tus txhawb pab ua tsov rog thiab tub rog. Tseeb tiag, tsoomfwv tshiab no tsuas yog kav mus txog rau thaum lub Peb Hlis xaus, txij li lub ntsej muag dawb nyob rau sab qaum teb Caucasus tau tawg.
Tib lub sijhawm, Tsoomfwv Kuban tsis kam lees paub tsoomfwv South Russia tshiab. Lub Kuban txuas ntxiv mus decompose. Kev ntxiv los ntawm no mus rau pem hauv ntej tau nres kiag li. Qhov no ua rau muaj teeb meem nrog Donets, uas tau sim yuam kom Kuban tawm tsam. Nws txawm tias tau mus txog qhov xa cov Don punitive detachments mus rau Kuban lub zos kom yuam Cossacks mus rau pem hauv ntej. Tab sis tsis muaj kev vam meej. Nws tau dhau los ua qhov ua tsis tau. Lub Kubans tig lawv nraub qaum ntawm tsoomfwv Denikin ntau dua, pib txav mus rau qib ntawm cov neeg ntxeev siab thiab Reds. Hauv zos "zaub ntsuab" tau dhau los ua haujlwm thiab tawm tsam kev sib txuas lus nrog Novorossiysk. Kev teem sijhawm ntawm Shkuro, tus qub dab neeg ntawm Kuban cov neeg, raws li tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog Kuban tshiab tsis pab ib yam nkaus. Nws yog kev koom siab nrog Denikin, yog li cov neeg hauv nroog tau thuam nws hnyav.
Lub Kuban ataman Bukretov tau ua raws txoj cai tiv thaiv Denikin txoj cai, tham nrog cov neeg ywj pheej hloov chaw ntawm Tsoomfwv South Russia nrog cov npe ntawm atamans ntawm peb pawg tub rog Cossack. Tus kheej-kev npau suav ntawm Cossack tus tswj hwm uas yuav tsav tawm "neeg txawv teb chaws" thiab tshaj tawm Kuban lub zog. Lub Kuban tau plunged rau hauv chaos tiav.
Tshiab Caucasian Pem Hauv Ntej
Ib qho ntxiv, Denikin tau txais lwm lub hauv ntej hauv qhov kev ntxhov siab no. Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Georgia, Lavxias Mensheviks thiab Socialist-Revolutionaries thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1919 tau tsim tsa Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm Thaj Chaw Dub, coj los ntawm Vasily Filippovsky. Los ntawm Red Army cov tub rog ntawm 11th thiab 12th Soviet pab tub rog, koom nrog hauv tebchaws Georgia, thiab los ntawm Hiav Txwv Dub cov neeg ua liaj ua teb-ntxeev siab, lawv tau pib tsim pab tub rog. Nws tau muab thiab ua tub rog los ntawm tsoomfwv Georgia, thiab tau kawm los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm Georgian. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 28, 1920, pab tub rog ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas (kwv yees li 2 txhiab tus tib neeg) hla ciam teb thiab pib tawm tsam hauv xeev Hiav Txwv Dub.
Hauv qhov kev taw qhia no yog 52nd White Brigade. Tab sis pab tub rog muaj kev sib ntaus tsis zoo, ntau ntawm nws cov tub rog tau me me thiab tsis txaus ntseeg. Lawv feem ntau suav nrog cov neeg raug kaw ntawm Red Army. Lawv tsis khiav tawm tsuas yog vim tsis muaj chaw khiav, lub tsev nyob deb heev. Ib txhij nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas cov tub rog, hauv zos "zaub ntsuab" tau pib tawm Dawb Tus Saib Xyuas nyob tom qab. Tawm tsam los ntawm ob sab, Denikinites tau tawg, qee leej khiav tawm, lwm tus swb. Cov tub rog ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas tau nyob hauv Adler, thaum Lub Ob Hlis 2 - Sochi. Ntawm no Pawg Neeg Soj Ntsuam tau tshaj tawm txog kev tsim lub Koom Haum Dub Hiav Txwv ywj pheej. Nws tau hu rau Kuban Rada kom koom nrog kev koom tes.
Ntxiv mus, cov tub rog ntawm Koom Haum Hiav Txwv Dub tau tawm tsam rau sab qaum teb. Tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Dub ntawm AFSR, General Lukomsky, yuav luag tsis muaj pab tub rog, tsuas yog cov pawg me uas tsis txaus ntseeg uas yooj yim mus rau ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. Qhov thib 2 Infantry Division (faib ib lub npe nkaus xwb, tsis loj dua ib pab tub rog loj) raug pov rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, uas yog "txhawb nqa" nrog rau kev txhawb nqa hauv zos. Hauv thawj qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua nws tau swb, cov tub rog tau hla mus rau sab ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam.
Vim tias tsis muaj peev xwm ua tiav nws txoj haujlwm, Lukomsky tau tawm haujlwm. Major General Burnevich tau los ua tus thawj coj tshiab. Lub caij no, cov tub rog ntawm Koom Haum Dub Hiav Txwv txuas ntxiv mus. Kev cog lus tau ua raws li tus qauv qub. Cov Neeg Tiv Thaiv Dawb, tau sib sau ua ke ntau lub tuam txhab lossis cov tub rog nrog lub ntiaj teb raws txoj hlua, teeb tsa txoj hauv kev yooj yim ntawm cov roob thiab dej hiav txwv. Cov Zaub, uas paub thaj chaw zoo, yooj yim hla tus yeeb ncuab thiab tawm tsam tom qab. Kev poob siab pib, thiab Kev tiv thaiv Dawb tau poob sib nrug. Thaum tau yeej thiab faib khoom plig, lub zos "zaub ntsuab" tau mus tsev thiab ua kev zoo siab rau lawv txoj kev vam meej rau qee lub sijhawm. Nws tag nrho pib dua. Dawb tau tsim txoj kab tshiab ntawm kev tiv thaiv. Cov tub rog ntxeev siab hla lawv. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, thaum Lub Ob Hlis 11, Zaub ntsuab nyob hauv Lazarevskaya thiab pib hem Tuapse. Lub sijhawm no, Georgia, raws li kev ua tsov rog, "kho" ciam teb nrog Russia raws li nws nyiam.
Tikhoretsk kev ua haujlwm
Qhov tseem ceeb tau txiav txim siab tsis yog ntawm rooj sib tham thiab hauv chaw ua haujlwm, tab sis nyob ntawm xub ntiag. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis - thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1920, thaum lub sijhawm Don -Manych ua haujlwm, Reds tsis tuaj yeem kov yeej kev tiv thaiv ntawm Cov Tiv Thaiv Dawb hauv cheeb tsam Don, thiab lawv qhov kev poob siab tseem ceeb (Budyonny's Horse Army thiab Dumenko's 2nd Cavalry Corps) tau tawm tsam thiab raug kev txom nyem poob hauv tib neeg thiab riam phom. Cov Tub Rog Liab tau hla hla Don nyob rau sab qis, qhov uas cov neeg pab dawb tiv thaiv, mus txog Manych, tab sis ua tsis tau ib lub hauv paus ntawm nws lub txhab nyiaj sab laug. Cov lus txib hauv ntej tau hloov pauv. Shorin, uas tau tawm tsam nrog Budyonny thiab nws cov neeg ua haujlwm, tau hloov los ntawm "tus yeej ntawm Kolchak" Tukhachevsky.
Ob tog tau npaj mus txuas ntxiv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Cov tub rog ntawm ob tog kwv yees li sib npaug: Cov Tub Rog Liab - ntau dua 50 txhiab tus mos txwv thiab sabers (suav nrog txog 19 txhiab sabers) nrog 450 phom, Pab Tub Rog Dawb - txog 47 txhiab tus neeg (suav nrog ntau dua 25 txhiab sabers), 450 phom. Ob leeg dawb thiab liab tau npaj ua ntej. Nws zoo li cov lus txib dawb uas txhua yam tseem tsis tau ploj thiab nws muaj peev xwm ua kom tawm tsam kev tawm tsam. Tua Tsov Liab Caucasian Pem Hauv Ntej. Kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov neeg tuaj yeem pab dawb thiab pub dawb tom qab kev yeej ntawm Bataysk thiab ntawm Manych tau nce. Ntxiv mus, tom qab kev pom zoo nrog Cossacks, qhov tshwm sim nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm Kuban kev sib cais thiab kev txhawb nqa tau xav. Muaj kev tawm tsam-npaj pab pawg tawm tsam Pavlov. Pawg neeg caij nees ntawm General Starikov tau tsim los ntawm hauv qab. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 8, 1920, Denikin tau tshaj tawm qhov kev hloov pauv mus rau kev tawm tsam dav dav ntawm pab pawg sab qaum teb nrog lub zog loj hauv Novocherkassk cov lus qhia nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ntes Rostov thiab Novocherkassk. Kev hloov pauv mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam tau npaj rau yav tom ntej, thaum lub sijhawm Kuban pab tub rog (yav dhau los Caucasian) tau txais kev txhawb ntxiv.
Lub caij no, Soviet cov lus txib tau npaj kev tawm tsam tshiab nrog lub hom phiaj txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov neeg dawb ntawm tus dej. Manych, kev swb ntawm North Caucasian pawg thiab ntxuav thaj av los ntawm White Guards. Kev tawm tsam pib ua ntej tag nrho: cov tub rog ntawm 8, 9, thiab 10 tau yuam kom Don thiab Manych, tsoo cov yeeb ncuab uas tawm tsam. Sokolnikov's 8th Army tau tsoo hauv kev coj ntawm Kagalnitskaya txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Pab Dawb thiab thib 3 Don pab pawg txhawm rau mus txog tus dej. Kagalnik; Dushkevich tus tub rog thib 9 yuav tsum tau tsoo los ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm pawg thib 3 thiab thib 1; Pavlov's 10th Army tawm tsam Kuban Army; 11th pab tub rog ntawm Vasilenko tau tsoo ntawm Stavropol - Armavir.
Tab sis lub tshuab tseem ceeb tau xa los ntawm 1st Cavalry Army, txhawb nqa los ntawm kev faib phom loj ntawm pab tub rog 10. Cov tub rog yuav tsum tau ua txhaum los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv, cavalry tau nkag mus rau hauv qhov sib txawv kom cais cov yeeb ncuab pab tub rog thiab ua kom puas lawv. Txog qhov no, kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov rog tau ua. 1st Cavalry Army ntawm Budyonny tau pauv mus rau thaj tsam Platovskaya - Velikoknyazheskaya, los ntawm qhov chaw uas nws xav tias yuav tawm tsam ntawm Torgovaya - Tikhoretskaya, ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm Don thiab Kuban cov tub rog. Txog rau 10th thiab 11th pab tub rog hla Tsaritsyn thiab Astrakhan, kev txhawb nqa tau rub los ntawm cov tub rog uas raug tso tawm tom qab kev tshem tawm ntawm Kolchak thiab Uralites.
Kev tawm tsam ntawm Caucasian Front. Kev tawm tsam los ntawm Denikin cov tub rog
Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 14, 1920, Red Army tau pib tawm tsam. Kev sim los ntawm pab tub rog ntawm 8th thiab 9th pab tub rog Don thiab Manych tsis ua tiav. Tsuas yog thaum yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Lub Ob Hlis 15, kev faib tub rog ntawm 9th Army thiab 1st Caucasian Cavalry Division ntawm 10th Army tau tswj hwm Manych thiab siv lub choj me me. Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm pab tub rog 10, qhov xwm txheej tau zoo dua. Nws pounced rau cov tub rog Kuban tsis muaj zog. Nws thim rov qab. Cov tub rog Kuban tsis tau txais cov lus cog tseg ntxiv, tsuas yog ib lub Plastun (infantry) cov tub rog ntawm General Kryzhanovsky, uas tiv thaiv thaj tsam Tikhoretsk, tau mus txog qhov pib ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Pab tub rog thib 10, txhawb ntxiv los ntawm 50th thiab 34th Kev Sib Hloov ntawm 11 Tub Rog, tuaj yeem kov yeej qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm 1st Kuban Corps thiab thaum Lub Ob Hlis 16 tau ntes Kev Lag Luam. Hauv qhov kev kov yeej, Budyonny tau qhia txog pab tub rog - kev sib ntaus sib tua zaum 4, 6 thiab 11 (txog 10 txhiab sabers). Cov tub rog liab tau nce mus rau Bolshoy Yegorlyk River mus rau tom qab ntawm Torgovaya, hem kev sib txuas lus nrog Tikhoretskaya.
Cov lus txib dawb tau xa mus rau pab pawg tub rog ntawm General Pavlov - thib ob thiab thib 4 Don pawg (kwv yees li 10-12 txhiab tus neeg caij nees), uas yav dhau los sawv tawm tsam thib 9 Soviet pab tub rog. Pavlov pab pawg, ua raws li Manych, yog, nrog rau 1st txoj cai-flank Don corps, tawm tsam ntawm flank thiab nraub qaum ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam pab pawg. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 16-17, cov tub rog dawb tau ntxeev ib feem ntawm Dumenko cov tub rog caij nees (2nd Cavalry Division) thiab Guy's 1st Caucasian Cavalry Division los ntawm pab tub rog 10 nyob rau hauv qis Manych. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 17, White Cossacks tau ua rau muaj zog tawm tsam rau 28th Infantry Division. Tus Thawj Coj Tus Thawj Coj Vladimir Azin raug coj mus kaw (thaum Lub Ob Hlis 18 nws raug tua). Cov Reds rov qab los ntawm Manych. Pavlov pab pawg txuas ntxiv mus rau Torgovaya, uas twb tau tso tseg los ntawm Kuban cov neeg.
Raws li Denikin tau sau tseg, qhov kev yuam cai ntawm Pavlov cov tub rog mus rau Torgovaya yog qhov pib ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov tub rog dawb. Tsis zoo rau cov lus qhia ntawm nws cov neeg nyob hauv qab, uas tau hais txog qhov xav tau txav mus raws txoj cai nyob hauv lub txhab nyiaj, General Pavlov tau txav mus rau sab laug yuav luag tsis muaj nyiaj hauv txhab nyiaj ntawm Manych. Muaj daus loj thiab cua daj cua dub loj. Cov liaj teb tsis tshua muaj thiab thaj chaw caij ntuj no tsis tuaj yeem sov cov neeg coob coob. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Pavlov pawg neeg caij nees tau txaus ntshai heev, sab sab thiab tsis ncaj ncees lawm. Nws poob yuav luag ib nrab ntawm nws cov qib mus rau qhov khov, khov, mob thiab tsis txaus ntseeg. Pavlov nws tus kheej tau txais frostbite. Muaj ntau yam khov nyob rau hauv lub eeb. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 19, Dawb Cossacks tau sim rov qab Torgovaya, tab sis raug pov rov qab los ntawm Budennovites. General Pavlov coj nws pab pawg mus rau Sredne-Yegorlykskaya, txuas ntxiv kev txom nyem poob kev mob thiab khov.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Pab Dawb tau kov yeej Reds hauv Rostov kev coj. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Lub Ob Hlis 19-21, 1920, cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb tau tawm tsam kev tawm tsam ntawm 8th Soviet pab tub rog thiab lawv tus kheej tau pib tawm tsam. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 21, Denikin cov tub rog rov ntes Rostov thiab Nakhichevan-on-Don. Qhov kev ua tiav tam sim no ua rau muaj kev cia siab hauv Yekaterinodar thiab Novorossiysk. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, General Guselshchikov's 3rd Don Corps tau ua tiav qhov kev tawm tsam tsis zoo hauv Novocherkassk, coj lub zos Aksayskaya, cuam tshuam txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau txuas ntawm Rostov thiab Novocherkassk. Ntxiv mus rau sab hnub tuaj, nyob rau sab qis ntawm Manych, 1st Don Corps ntawm General Starikov tau tawm tsam qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm 1st Cavalry Corps ntawm Redneck thiab 2nd Cavalry Corps ntawm Dumenko, tau mus rau lub zos Bogaevskaya. Tab sis cov no yog qhov ua tiav kawg ntawm cov neeg dawb tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev puas tsuaj loj.
Egorlyk sib ntaus
Cov lus txib hauv Soviet tau tsim lub zog tawm tsam muaj zog hauv kev ua tiav. 1st Cavalry Army tau raug ncua ib ntus rau kev faib phom 20, 34th thiab 50th. Los ntawm cov tub rog, cov pab pawg poob siab tau tsim los ntawm Mikhail Velikanov (tus thawj coj ntawm pawg thib 20). Pab tub rog Budyonny thiab pab pawg poob siab ntawm pab tub rog thib 10, teeb tsa txoj kev thaiv rau sab qaum teb (chav nyob ntawm pawg tub rog thib 11) tawm tsam Pavlov cov pab pawg, tsis nres nres raws txoj kev Tsaritsyn-Tikhoretskaya. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 21, Budennovites coj Sredne-Yegorlykskaya, thiab thaum Lub Ob Hlis 22, Velikanov pawg tau coj Peschanokopskaya. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 22, lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm Budyonny tau kov yeej 1st Kuban corps hauv cheeb tsam Belaya Glina. Tus thawj coj ntawm Kuban corps, General Kryzhanovsky, tuag nrog nws lub hauv paus chaw nyob ib puag ncig. Pab tub rog Kuban tau tawg, nws cov seem tau khiav tawm lossis tso tseg. Cov pab pawg me ntawm Kuban pab pawg tau mob siab rau hauv Tikhoretsk, Caucasian thiab ntawm txoj kev mus rau Stavropol. Cov tub rog Budyonny tau tig mus rau sab qaum teb, qhov uas muaj kev hem thawj ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog dawb. Kev sib faib phom 20 thiab 50, kev faib tub rog zaum thib 4, 6 thiab 11 tau tawm tsam Pavlov pawg. 34th Rifle Division tseem yuav npog Tikhoretsk cov lus qhia.
Cov lus txib dawb, pom tias kev txav mus rau sab qaum teb tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav vim swb thiab swb ntawm txoj cai tis (Kuban pab tub rog) thiab tawm ntawm Pab Pawg Liab tawm mus rau tom qab ntawm Don Army thiab Pab Dawb Pabcuam, nres qhov kev tawm tsam hauv Rostov-Novocherkassk txoj kev. Lub hauv paus chaw ua haujlwm ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm ARSUR tau pauv los ntawm Tikhoretskaya mus rau Yekaterinodar. Ib lub koom haum tam sim ntawd rub rov qab los txhawb Pavlov pawg neeg caij nees. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 23rd, Pawg Tub Rog 8 tau rov qab ua nws txoj hauv ntej. Ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm 8th Soviet Army, cov tub rog nyob sib ze 9th kuj tau tawm tsam. 1st Don Corps thim rov qab dhau Manych. Txog Lub Ob Hlis 26, Cov Neeg Dawb tau rov qab mus rau lawv txoj haujlwm qub raws tag nrho pem hauv ntej.
Tseeb, ntawm no qhov xwm txheej tau raug pov thaiv los ntawm kev raug ntes ntawm tus thawj coj tub rog Dumenko. Tus thawj coj yog lub tebchaws tiag tiag, tiv thaiv tus kheej tsis muaj zog rau Soviet lub zog, tau dhau los ua ib tus neeg npaj cov tub rog liab. Tab sis nws tau tawm tsam nrog Trotsky, tawm tsam nws txoj cai hauv pab tub rog. Hmo ntuj ntawm Lub Ob Hlis 23-24, los ntawm kev txiav txim los ntawm tus tswv cuab ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Tawm Tsam Tawm Tsam ntawm Caucasian Front, Smilga Dumenko, lawv raug ntes ua ke nrog lub hauv paus chaw ua haujlwm ntawm Cov Tub Rog Sib Koom Ua Ke. Cov nqi raug dag - Dumenko raug liam ntawm kev tua neeg ntawm tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Mikeladze cov neeg thiab npaj kev tawm tsam. Ordzhonikidze, Stalin thiab Egorov tau hais lus tiv thaiv Dumenko, tab sis Trotsky txoj kab yeej. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis, cov neeg muaj txuj ci tus thawj coj raug tua.
Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 23, Pavlov pab pawg, tau txais kev txhawb zog, tau mus rau qhov tsis txaus siab thiab nyob rau 24th thim rov qab rau Pawg Liab Cav Liab Liab 11th. Dawb coj Sredne-Yegorlykskaya thiab txav mus rau Belaya Glina txhawm rau mus txog tom qab ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 25, nyob rau thaj tsam sab qab teb ntawm Sredne-Yegorlykskaya, kev sib ntaus sib tua loj tshaj plaws ntawm Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Zaum Ob tau tshwm sim. Nws tau koom nrog txog 25 txhiab tus neeg sib ntaus los ntawm ob tog. Cov Donets ntseeg tias lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm Reds tseem tab tom mus rau Tikhoretskaya, lawv tsis tau ntsuas ntsuas txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau tshawb nrhiav thiab kev nyab xeeb. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Dawb Cossacks tau npaj txhij txog mus rau hauv lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Liab. Kev rov tshawb nrhiav ntawm Budyonny pab tub rog tau pom tus yeeb ncuab nyob rau lub sijhawm, cov koog tau tig rov los. Ntawm sab laug tis, Timoshenko's 6th Cavalry Division tau ntsib cov kab lus taug kev ntawm 4th Don Corps nrog tshuab rab phom thiab rab phom loj, thiab tom qab ntawd tau tawm tsam. Cov Neeg Dawb tau ntxeev dua siab tshiab. Qhov thib 2 Don Corps, coj los ntawm General Pavlov, tau mus rau pawg thib 20 hauv qhov chaw thiab pib siv los tawm tsam, tab sis tom qab ntawd pawg tub rog thib 4 ntawm Gorodovikov tau npog nws nrog rab phom loj ntawm sab laug, tom qab ntawd pawg tub rog thib 11 tau tawm tsam los ntawm sab xis. txhawm rau tua, tab sis rab phom loj los ntawm 4th Cavalry Division tau poob rau nws los ntawm sab xis, thiab tom qab ntawd 11 Cavalry Division tau tawm tsam sab hnub tuaj. Tom qab ntawd, Pawg Cavalry thib 4 kuj tau tawm tsam.
Cov tub rog dawb tau swb, poob txog 1 txhiab tus neeg tsuas yog cov neeg raug kaw, 29 rab phom, 100 rab phom tshuab thiab khiav tawm mus. Cov Reds coj Sredne-Yegorlykskaya. Pavlov cov tub rog tau rov qab mus rau Yegorlykskaya. Cov Neeg Dawb tau xa cov tub rog kawg thiab cov peev txheej los ntawm Bataysk thiab Mechetinskaya mus rau thaj tsam Yegorlykskaya-Ataman. Cov neeg tuaj yeem pab dawb, 3rd Cavalry Corps ntawm Yuzefovich, ob peb pawg Kuban sib cais tau coj tuaj ntawm no. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 26 - 28, Budennovites, tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa ntawm kev faib phom, tau sim coj Yegorlykskaya, tab sis tsis ua tiav. Red Command tau mob siab rau txhua qhov muaj zog nyob ntawm no, suav nrog 20th Infantry, 1st Caucasian thiab 2nd Cavalry Division. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1 - 2, hauv kev tawm tsam tawv ncauj hauv Yegorlykskaya - cheeb tsam Ataman, Cov Neeg Dawb tau swb lawm. Cov Neeg Dawb tau thim rov qab mus rau Ilovaiskaya thiab Mechetinskaya thiab pib tawm mus sab qaum teb nrog rau tag nrho pem hauv ntej. General Sidorin coj Don pab tub rog hla tus dej Kagalnik, tom qab ntawd ntxiv mus.
Thaum pib lub Peb Hlis, cov neeg tuaj yeem pab dawb tau tawm Rostov, rov qab mus rau sab xis ntawm Don, tab sis lawv tseem tuav rov qab kev ua phem ntawm 8th Soviet Army. Txoj cai flank ntawm Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Pab Dawb, tawm ntawm cov nyob ze Donets, raug yuam kom rov qab los ntawm Olginskaya. Dawb raug kev txom nyem hnyav. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 2, cov chav ntawm 8th Soviet Army tau coj Bataysk, uas lawv tau cua daj cua dub ua ntej ua ntej. Cov Reds tau nyob ib nrab ntawm Tikhoretskaya thiab Kavkazskaya. Ntawm sab laug ntawm Caucasian Pem Hauv Ntej, chav nyob ntawm pab tub rog 11 tau mus txog Divnoe - Kizlyar kab. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 29, Reds coj Stavropol. Hauv qab Denikin, cov neeg ntxeev siab tau ntes Tuapse thaum Lub Ob Hlis 24. Nov yog pab tub rog "ntsuab", nyob hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov neeg liab liab thiab yav dhau los Cov Tub Rog Liab tub rog, tau tshaj tawm tias "Dub Hiav Txwv Liab Tub Rog". Cov tub rog liab tshiab tau pib ua phem rau ob qho kev qhia: hla roob hla mus rau Kuban, thiab mus rau Gelendzhik thiab Novorossiysk. Los ntawm kev puas tsuaj tag, cov seem ntawm Denikin cov tub rog tau txais kev cawmdim los ntawm qhov pib ntawm qhov thaw, thaw uas tau pib, hloov thaj av mus rau hauv cov av tsis muaj av thiab cov swamps. Kev txav ntawm Red Army poob nrawm.
Yog li ntawd, Denikin cov tub rog tau raug kev txiav txim siab swb. Cov Tub Rog Liab tsoo hla txoj kab tiv thaiv ntawm Don thiab Manych thiab nce qib 100-110 km sab qab teb. Cov tub rog dawb tau tso ntshav tawm tag thiab poob nws lub hwj chim. Kev rhuav tshem ntawm Denikin cov tub rog tau rov qab tsis tu ncua mus rau Yekaterinodar, Novorossiysk thiab Tuapse. Qhov tseeb, pem hauv ntej ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Dawb tau tawg. Yam yuavtsum tau kawm uantej tau tsim los ua kom muaj kev ywj pheej tag nrho ntawm Kuban, Stavropol, Novorossiysk thiab North Caucasus.
