100 xyoo dhau los, thaum Lub Xya Hli 23, 1920, Lvov tau pib ua haujlwm: kev ua phem ntawm Soviet Sab Qab Teb-Sab Hnub Poob nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kov yeej Lviv pawg ntawm pab tub rog Polish thiab tso tawm Western Ukraine.
To Lviv! Qhov yuam kev ntawm Soviet siab hais kom ua
Tom qab ua tiav hauv Rivne kev ua haujlwm (Sib ntaus Rovno), cov tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob (SWF) nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Yegorov tau qhia kom txhawb kev ua phem ntawm Tukhachevsky Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob hauv Brest-Lublin. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua tiav tag nrho ntawm Sab Qab Teb Hnub Poob thiab Sab Hnub Poob tau coj mus rau qhov ua tsis tau zoo ntawm lawv cov rog thiab kev saib tsis taus tus yeeb ncuab. Los ntawm cov lus ceeb toom ntawm kev hais kom ua ntawm Sab Hnub Poob, nws tau pom tias Polish North-Eastern Front tau swb lawm, txoj kev mus rau Warsaw tau qhib. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 22, 1920, Tus Thawj Coj-Kamenev tau tshaj tawm cov lus qhia rau Sab Hnub Poob kom nyob hauv tebchaws Poland tsis pub dhau Lub Yim Hli 12. Moscow tau ntseeg tias Tukhachevsky cov tub rog nyob rau lub Yim Hli lawv tus kheej, yam tsis muaj kev pab los ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob, yuav ua rau cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam ntawm Vistula thiab coj Warsaw. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev ntsuas no tau ua yuam kev, cov tub rog Polish tsis swb, rov zoo sai los ntawm kev swb thiab, nrog kev pab los ntawm Entente, ntxiv dag zog rau nws lub peev xwm kev sib ntaus.
Nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm kev xav zoo dhau ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm Polish pem hauv ntej thiab cia siab rau kev yeej sai, Soviet cov lus txib siab tau hloov kho nws cov phiaj xwm qub. Lub tswv yim tsim nyog ntawm kev ua kom muaj zog ntawm ob txoj hauv kev hauv Warsaw kev taw qhia tau tso tseg. Nws tau txiav txim siab los tsoo ob lub tshuab: ntawm Lvov thiab Warsaw. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 22, Pawg Tub Rog Tawm Tsam Tawm Tsam Tawm Tsam Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob (Stalin, Berzin) tau hais qhia rau tus thawj coj-tus thawj coj kom hloov cov lus qhia ntawm kev tawm tsam loj los ntawm Brest mus rau Lvov, uas yog, txhawm rau tua Galicia. Tus thawj coj ntawm Sab Qab Teb-Sab Hnub Poob Yegorov ntseeg tias nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tso lub nroog Galicia thiab tom qab ntes Lvov, txhawm rau txhawb Sab Hnub Poob nrog lub tshuab rau tom qab ntawm Warsaw. Tsis tas li, qhov kev ua haujlwm no tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qhov ua tau los ntawm Romania ntawm ib sab ntawm Poland. Ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Tawm Tsam Tawm Tsam Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob Stalin ntseeg tias nws yog qhov tseem ceeb dua kom rov qab Volhynia thiab Galicia mus rau Russia, uas yog neeg Lavxias nyob hauv txij li puag thaum ub, dua li mus rau Warsaw.
Thaum Lub Xya Hli 23, 1920, Tus Thawj Coj Kamenev tau pom zoo rau txoj haujlwm rau Lvov ua haujlwm. Voskanov's 12th Army, tau teeb tsa lub vijtsam ntawm Brest, tau muab txoj haujlwm ntawm kev nce qib ntawm Kholm, Vladimir-Volynsky; 1st Cavalry Army ntawm Budyonny - mus rau Lviv thiab Rava -Russkaya nrog kev ntes tom ntej ntawm kev hla hla tus dej. San; Molkochanov's 14th Army - rau Tarnopol, Peremyashlyany thiab Nikolaev. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob tsis koom nrog kev tawm tsam sab hnub poob sab hnub poob, tab sis daws txoj haujlwm ywj pheej ntawm kev kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab Lvov pab pawg thiab tso Galicia dim. Cov pab pawg poob siab ntawm ob lub ntsej muag ua haujlwm nyob deb ntawm ib leeg, uas cuam tshuam qhov xwm txheej tiag tiag ntawm sab xub ntiag.
Cov tub rog Soviet suav ntau dua 56 txhiab tus phom thiab sabers. Lawv tau tawm tsam los ntawm Polish Sab Hnub Tuaj Sab Hnub Poob raws li cov lus txib ntawm General Rydz-Smigla (2nd, 3rd thiab 6th armies) thiab Ukrainian People's Army ntawm Petliura, txog 53 txhiab tus tub rog tag nrho. Ntawd yog, cov rog tau kwv yees li sib npaug. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm Polish tau mob siab rau hauv Lviv kev coj.
Lub caij no, Polish tsis kam loj tuaj tsis tu ncua. Txhawm rau nthuav kev txhawb nqa pej xeem rau tsoomfwv thaum Lub Xya Hli 15, Seimas tau pom zoo cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev hloov pauv kev ua liaj ua teb. Kev tshaj tawm Polish tau npaj cov neeg los tawm tsam "Bolshevik ntxeem tau." Thaum Lub Rau Hli 24, tsoomfwv tiv thaiv lub tebchaws tau tsim los nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov tseem ceeb ua haujlwm tseem ceeb. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 25, Cov tub rog lub hom phiaj ntawm Entente tuaj txog hauv tebchaws Poland, thiab kev pab tub rog pib tuaj txog. Warsaw tau pib sib tham nrog Moscow txog kev ua siab ntev, tab sis tsis yog nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev thaj yeeb, tab sis kom tau sijhawm. Cov lus txib Polish siab, coj los ntawm Pilsudski, tau npaj rau kev tawm tsam. Txhawm rau rov kho kev txiav txim hauv pab tub rog, tau hais qhia thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev thiab hauv tsev. Tam sim no cov tub rog Polish tau ua tsov rog ntawm nws lub hauv paus loj, uas txhim kho nws cov khoom siv, thiab Red Army tau ntxiv thiab tshem tawm ntxiv tom qab. Kev tsheb nqaj hlau, chaw nres tsheb, txuas hniav, chaw khaws khoom, thiab lwm yam tau raug puas tsuaj los ntawm tus Tsov Rog thaum lub sijhawm rov qab los, kev txhawb nqa ntxiv, mos txwv thiab khoom siv rau cov tub rog Soviet tau nyuaj heev. Thaum lub sijhawm sib ntaus sib tua ua ntej, cov chav liab tau raug kev puas tsuaj, tau qaug zog, thiab xav tau kev txhawb nqa ntxiv thiab so.
Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Brody thiab Berestechko
Thaum Lub Xya Hli 23, 1920, Cov Tub Rog Liab tau pib tawm tsam hauv Kovel, Lviv thiab Tarnopil cov lus qhia. Ib feem ntawm pab tub rog thib 12 hla tus dej Styr thiab Stokhod, tau ua phem rau Kovel. Tau tawg los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv, thaum Lub Xya Hli 26, Budyonny cov tub rog tau coj Brody. Txog Lub Xya Hli 28, Budennovites hla tus dej ntawm lub hauv ntej dav. Styr, coj Busk thiab mus rau tus dej. Npawg. Nyob rau sab qab teb, pab tub rog 14 tau tsoo cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam ntawm tus dej. Zbruch thiab ntawm 26th coj Tarnopol (tam sim no Ternopil), pib ua phem rau Nikolaev.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov neeg Lavxias los ntawm kev hla mus rau Lvov, cov lus txib Polish tau teeb tsa kev tawm tsam. Cov tub rog tau siv sijhawm zoo: Budyonny cov tub rog tau rub ua ntej, cov tub rog ntawm pawg tub rog thib 12 thiab 14th tau tsim kev tawm tsam qeeb dua, thiab lub ntsej muag ntawm 1st Cavalry Army tau qhib. Cov lus txib Polish tau npaj los puag ncig thiab rhuav tshem lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm Budyonny cov tub rog. Los ntawm sab qaum teb -sab hnub poob, tau tawm tsam los ntawm pab pawg poob siab ntawm Pawg Tub Rog thib 2 - cov tub rog ntawm pawg tub rog thib 1 thiab 6 thiab pab tub rog ntawm General Savitsky (2 pab tub rog, 1 pab tub rog, 2 pab tub rog). Ib pab pawg tawm tsam ntawm 6th Army - chav nyob ntawm pawg tub rog 18 th thiab ib pab tub rog me - tau tawm tsam sab qab teb hnub poob.
Thaum Lub Xya Hli 29, Cov tub rog Polish tau tawm tsam rau Brody. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tawv ncauj, 1st Cavalry Army, txhawm rau zam kev nyob ib puag ncig, raug yuam kom thim tawm mus rau sab hnub tuaj thiab mus tiv thaiv. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 3, Cov Tub Rog tau rov qab tau Brody thiab Radziwills. Lub Yim Hli 5, 1st Cavalry Army tau thim rov qab ntawm Kremenets. Ib feem ntawm Budyonny cov tub rog tau thim rov qab rau qhov tshwj tseg. Budyonnovites raug kev txom nyem hnyav, tab sis dim "boiler". Lub caij no, Sab Hnub Poob tau coj Brest-Litovsk thaum Lub Yim Hli 2, thiab pab tub rog thib 12 ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob coj Kovel thaum Lub Yim Hli 4. Pawg tub rog 14th nyob rau sab qab teb tau tsim kev tawm tsam, mus txog rau r. Strypa. Cov lus hais hauv Polish tau tso tseg txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev tawm tsam ze Brody txhawm rau txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau nws cov zog hauv Warsaw kev coj. Ib feem ntawm cov tub rog Polish los ntawm Lviv kev taw qhia pib raug xa mus rau thaj tsam ntawm Warsaw thiab Lublin. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Polish hais kom rov txhim kho nws cov tub rog nyob rau sab qab teb. Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob tau raug tshem tawm, thiab thaum Lub Yim Hli 6, General Ivashkevich Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob (6th Army thiab Ukrainian pab tub rog), tau tsim tsa Rydz-Smigly Middle Front (thib 3 thiab 4th pab tub rog).
Kev tsis txaus siab txog kev xa cov tub rog mus rau sab qaum teb. Sib ntaus sib tua rau Lviv
Lub sijhawm no, Soviet siab hais kom ua, suav nrog teeb meem loj zuj zus hauv Warsaw kev taw qhia, kev txhawb nqa tsis muaj zog ntawm sab qab teb tis ntawm Tukhachevsky cov tub rog, txawm li cas los xij txiav txim siab ntxiv dag zog rau Sab Hnub Poob nrog cov tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 6, cov lus txib tseem ceeb tshaj tawm hais tias SWF thim Budyonny cov tub rog mus rau qhov tshwj tseg thiab, tom qab rov kho dua, xa nws mus rau Lublin qhia. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 11, tus thawj coj-tus thawj coj tau qhia kom thim 1st Cavalry Army los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Lvov thiab xa mus rau Zamoć cheeb tsam, pab tub rog thib 12 tsom mus rau Lublin. Vim yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus, lub hauv paus chaw ntawm Southwestern Front tau txiav txim siab cov lus qhia no tsuas yog thaum Lub Yim Hli 13. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 12, Budyonny cov tub rog tau rov pib ua phem rau Lviv, nyob rau hnub tim 14, thaum muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua, lawv rov coj Brody, nyob rau hnub tim 15 - Busk. Tab sis ntawm ntug dej ntawm Western Kab, Budennovites tau ntsib kev tawm tsam los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab.
Thaum Lub Yim Hli 13, cov lus txib tseem ceeb tau tshaj tawm tsab ntawv tshiab kom tig cov tub rog ntawm SWF mus rau sab qaum teb hnub poob. Raws li kev coj ua ntawm tus thawj coj-tus thawj coj, tau xaj xaj xaj los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm SWF. Nws tau ntsib kev tawm tsam tsis txaus ntseeg los ntawm Stalin, uas xav tias nws tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam loj ntawm pab pawg ua ntej hauv nruab nrab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Ib tus tswv cuab ntawm RVS tsis kam kos npe rau daim ntawv xaj. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev txiav txim tau pom zoo los ntawm lwm tus tswv cuab ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Tawm Tsam Tawm Tsam - Berzin. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 14, 1st Cavalry thiab 12th pab tub rog tau xa mus rau Sab Hnub Poob. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 15 thiab 17, Tukhachevsky tau xaj Budyonny cov tub rog txav mus rau thaj tsam Vladimir-Volynsky.
Nws tau pom meej tias hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Lviv, thaum cov lus txib ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob thiab 1st Cavalry Army xav kom coj lub peev ntawm Galicia ib hnub dhau ib hnub, cov lus qhia ntawm tus thawj coj-hauv- tus thawj thiab Tukhachevsky, qhov tseeb, tau ua phem. Tau tawg dhau los ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm pab tub rog Polish nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm Bug, thaum Lub Yim Hli 17, Budennovites pib ua phem rau Lvov. Txawm li cas los xij, Soviet cov tub rog tau tawm tsam hnyav los ntawm pab pawg yeeb ncuab muaj zog: 3 pab tub rog thiab 1 pab tub rog sib cais, Lviv cov tub rog. Cov tub rog Polish tso siab rau thaj tsam muaj zog Lviv. Cov tub rog Soviet nyob hauv cheeb tsam no tsis tuaj yeem siv lawv qhov zoo. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 19, Plaub Hlis 4 thiab 6 Cavalry Kev Sib Cais ntawm Budyonny tau ob peb kilometers ntawm lub nroog. Cov tub ceev xwm tau mus txog sab nrauv ntawm Lviv. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog Polish tsuas yog ua kom ntau ntxiv. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tawv ncauj, cov tub rog ntawm 1st Cavalry Army raug kev txom nyem hnyav, tshwj xeeb yog Tshooj 6.
Thaum Lub Yim Hli 20, Budyonny tau txais kev txiav txim cais los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm Pawg Thawj Saib Xyuas Kev Tawm Tsam ntawm Tsoomfwv, Trotsky, kom thim cov tub rog tawm tsam. 1st Cavalry Army tau nres qhov kev tawm tsam thiab thaum Lub Yim Hli 21 pib txav mus rau Zamoć. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ntes Lvov tau muab rau Pawg Tub Rog 14 (ob rab phom sib faib - 60 thiab 41th). Tab sis Pawg Tub Rog 14 tsis muaj lub zog thiab peev txheej los ua qhov haujlwm no. Tsis ntev Soviet cov tub rog tau mus rau qhov kev tiv thaiv, tom qab ntawd thim rov mus rau sab hnub tuaj.
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias kev coj ntawm Budyonny cov tub rog mus rau Warsaw kev taw qhia tau meej meej lig. Cov tub rog ntawm SWF yuav tsum tau tsom mus rau sab qaum teb hnub poob thaum pib ntawm Warsaw kev ua haujlwm. Ua ntej, Budyonny cov tub rog twb tau tso ntshav tawm thiab qaug zog los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv Lviv. Cov tub rog liab uas tsis muaj zog tsis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj zog tshuab rau tus yeeb ncuab. Qhov thib ob, Cov Tub Rog twb tau teeb tsa kev tiv thaiv thiab npaj kev tawm tsam, thiab Tukhachevsky cov tub rog raug kev txom nyem hnyav. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Budyonny kev sib cais tsis coj Lvov thiab tsis tuaj yeem pab nyob rau sab qaum teb.
Yog li, Lvov kev ua haujlwm tsis tiav. Tom qab tawv ncauj thiab sib ntaus sib tua, cov tub rog Soviet yeej tsis muaj peev xwm coj Lvov thiab kov yeej pawg neeg Polish. Qhov no yog vim los ntawm kev ua yuam kev ntawm Soviet cov lus txib, uas tau ua rau nws qhov kev ua tiav dhau los thiab ua tau zoo thiab tsis suav tus yeeb ncuab. Cov lus txib ntawm cov tub rog pem hauv ntej tsis txaus siab, zoo li yog kev cuam tshuam ntawm ob lub ntsej muag. 1st Cavalry Army tau raug khi los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Brody thiab Lvov (hauv thaj av tsis zoo rau kev ua ntawm pawg neeg coob ntawm cov tub rog). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ncua thiab poob ntawm Budyonny cov tub rog hauv Lvov kev taw qhia tau cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau Sab Hnub Poob txoj kev tawm tsam rau Warsaw.
