Txawm hais tias kev ua tiav kev ua tsov rog Lavxias-Lithuanian ntawm 1487-1494 (kom paub meej ntxiv hauv kab lus VO: Tsov rog me-paub ntawm Lavxias lub xeev: Lavxias-Lithuanian "coj txawv txawv" tsov rog ntawm 1487-1494), qhov teeb meem tsis yog kaw. Ivan III Vasilievich txiav txim siab qhov ua tiav ntawm kev ua tsov rog tsis txaus siab. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev koom ua ke feem ntau ntawm thaj av Lavxias nyob ib puag ncig Moscow tsis tau ua tiav. Thiab Lithuania tseem nrhiav kev xa cov av uas tau pauv mus rau xeev Moscow. Kev ua tsov rog tshiab yog qhov tsis pom kev. Txawm tias kev sib yuav ntawm Grand Duke ntawm Lithuania Alexander Jagiellon rau tus ntxhais ntawm Moscow Tsar Ivan Elena, uas tau xav kom rov zoo dua ntawm ob lub zog, tsis tau xaus qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb, tab sis, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, muab qhov laj thawj tshiab rau kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Ivan tau npau taws ntawm kev sim hloov nws tus ntxhais, Grand Duchess Elena ntawm Lithuania, los ua Catholicism.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Moscow tus thawj tswj hwm tau txiav txim siab ua txhaum txoj cai ntawm "kev thaj yeeb nyob mus ib txhis" nyob rau xyoo 1494, nws txwv tsis pub cov thawj coj tawm mus ua haujlwm ntawm lwm lub tebchaws. Ivan rov pib lees txais tus thawj coj rau hauv Moscow kev pabcuam, uas tsis ua haujlwm pabcuam Grand Duchy ntawm Lithuania, Russia thiab Zhemoytsky. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1500, Tub Vaj Ntxwv Semyon Ivanovich Belsky tau tsiv mus rau kev pabcuam ntawm Ivan III Vasilyevich. Cov khoom ntawm S. Belsky, lub nroog Belaya mus rau sab qab teb-sab hnub poob ntawm Tver, kuj dhau mus rau Grand Duchy ntawm Moscow. Tus tub huabtais lub npe poob ntawm "kev hlub" ntawm Grand Duke ntawm Lithuania vim li cas rau nws tawm mus, nrog rau Alexander lub siab xav txhais nws mus rau hauv "Roman txoj cai" (Catholicism), uas tsis yog qhov xwm txheej hauv yav dhau los yawg loj. Grand Duke ntawm Lithuania Alexander tau xa ib lub tsev lis haujlwm mus rau Moscow nrog kev tawm tsam, tsis lees paub qhov kev liam tias raug yuam kom hloov mus ua Catholicism thiab hu Prince Belsky ua neeg ntxeev siab. Rau cov neeg sawv cev Lithuanian uas tuaj txog hauv Moscow, lub tebchaws Russia tsis yog tsuas yog lees paub qhov tseeb ntawm kev ncaim ntawm Prince Belsky, tab sis kuj tau tshaj tawm nws hloov mus rau nws kev pabcuam nrog kev fiefdoms ntawm cov thawj ntawm Mosalsky thiab lawv cov txheeb ze, cov thawj Khotetovsky. Kev tsim txom kev ntseeg kuj tseem raug hu ua qhov laj thawj rau lawv hloov mus rau sab ntawm Moscow.
Nyob rau tib lub Plaub Hlis, cov thawj coj Semyon Ivanovich Starodubsko-Mozhaisky thiab Vasily Ivanovich Shemyachich Novgorod-Seversky tau mus ua haujlwm hauv Moscow. Vim li ntawd, thaj av loj nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Grand Duchy ntawm Lithuania, suav nrog lub nroog Belaya, Novgorod-Seversky, Rylsk, Radogoshch, Gomel, Starodub, Chernigov, Karachev thiab Hotiml, tau los ua ib feem ntawm Moscow Grand Duchy. Tsov rog dhau los ua kev tsis pom kev.
Hmo ua ntej ntawm nws, Alexander Kazimirovich Jagiellon tau ua cov kauj ruam txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau Lithuania txoj haujlwm txoj cai txawv teb chaws. Nws pib rov ua dua tshiab thiab lees paub ntawm Gorodelsky Union ntawm 1413. Nws tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm nws tus nus, tus huab tais Polish, Jan Olbracht. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1499 hauv Krakow txoj cai ntawm kev koom ua haujlwm tau lees paub los ntawm cov neeg Polish, thiab thaum Lub Xya Hli ntawm tib lub xyoo los ntawm cov neeg ncaj ncees Lithuanian hauv Vilna. Hauv tib lub xyoo, tsab cai ntawm Vilna Sejm tau tshaj tawm, raws li tam sim no tsis yog Grand Duke ntawm Lithuania tuaj yeem xaiv tsa yam tsis tau kev tso cai los ntawm Polish gentry, lossis tsis muaj lub zwm txwv Polish tuaj yeem ua haujlwm yam tsis tau kev tso cai ntawm Lithuania. Thiab thaum Lub Kaum Hli 25, 1501, Melnytsky Privilege tau tawm los, uas tau tsim tawm tias txij li ntawd Tebchaws Poland thiab Lithuania yuav tsum tsim ib lub xeev nkaus xwb, suav nrog kev tswj hwm ntawm ib tus huab tais, raug xaiv hauv Krakow. Txoj cai no tau siv hauv tib lub xyoo - Jan Olbracht tuag yam tsis tau xav txog, thiab Alexander tau los ua tus huab tais Polish. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev koom ua ke yog kev sib koom tes ua tub rog - Lithuania thiab Poland tam sim no tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tiv thaiv thiab tawm tsam ua ke. Tebchaws Poland raug hem nyob rau ciam teb yav qab teb - Crimean Khanate thiab Ottoman Empire, thiab sab hnub tuaj - Moscow.
Ib qho ntxiv, Lithuania ntxiv dag zog rau kev sib raug zoo nrog Livonian Order thiab pib tsim kev sib cuag nrog Great Horde. Muaj tseeb, tsis yog Poland, lossis Livonia, lossis Great Horde tuaj yeem muab kev pab tam sim rau Lithuania.
Kev pib ua tsov rog
Ivan III txiav txim siab tsis xav kom muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog Lithuanian tawm tsam cov neeg tawg rog, tuaj txog ntawm cov tub rog Polish los pab Lithuania, thiab thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1500 nws tau qhib kev ua phem. Cov tub rog Lavxias tau ua raws li lub phiaj xwm meej. Raws li phiaj xwm ntawm Ivan III, Lavxias cov tub rog yuav tsum tau nce qib hauv peb qhov kev qhia: 1) sab qaum teb hnub poob (ntawm Toropets thiab Belaya), 2) sab hnub poob (Dorogobuzh thiab Smolensk) thiab 2) sab qab teb hnub poob (Starodub, Novgorod-Seversky thiab lwm lub nroog ntawm Seversk thaj av). Nyob rau hnub ua ntej ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, peb qhov laj thawj tau tsim. Ib qho ntxiv, cov peev nyiaj tau tsim los muab kev txhawb nqa rau cov tub rog tiv thaiv uas cov neeg Lithuanians yuav tawm tsam. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm thawj theem ntawm kev ua tsov rog tau txiav txim siab rau sab qab teb hnub poob (vim yog lub siab xav ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg hauv thaj av Seversky).
Cov tub rog Lavxias tau npaj rau kev sib tw yuav luag ib txhij nrog kev tawm ntawm cov neeg xa xov nrog kev tshaj tawm ntawm kev ua rog ntawm Lithuania (cov kws sawv cev yog Ivan Teleshov thiab Athanasius Sheenok). Cov tub rog tau raug txib los ntawm kev ntiab tawm Kazan Khan Mohammed-Emin thiab Yakov Zakharyich Koshkin. Cov tub rog Lavxias nyob rau sab qab teb hnub poob tau nyob hauv Bryansk, Mtsensk thiab Serpeysk (lawv cov tswv tau hla mus rau sab Moscow). Lub nroog Chernigov, Gomel, Pochep, Rylsk thiab lwm tus tau swb yam tsis muaj kev sib ntaus. Lub zog ntawm Moscow tau lees paub los ntawm Trubetskoy thiab Mosalsky princes. Nyob rau sab hnub poob, cov tub rog Lavxias kuj tau ua tiav. Dorogobuzh tau coj.
Cov lus txib Lavxias tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev npaj ua tub rog hauv tebchaws Lithuania. Qhov kev phom sij tshaj plaws tau txiav txim siab yog sab hnub poob. Los ntawm kev coj ntawm Smolensk, kev tawm tsam tau cia siab rau Dorogobuzh. Ib pab tub rog tshwj tseg ntawm Tver tau xa los ntawm Vyazma, raws li cov lus txib ntawm tus tswv xeev Daniil Vasilyevich Shcheni-Patrikeev. Qhov kev sib koom ua ke nrog kev tshem tawm ntawm Yuri Zakharyich Koshkin, D. Shchenya coj tag nrho pab tub rog. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia no tau nce mus rau 40 txhiab tus neeg. Nws yog qhov kev txiav txim siab raug. Los ntawm Smolensk mus txog Yelnya, 40,000 tus tub rog Lithuanian tau txav mus los, coj los ntawm hetman Konstantin Ivanovich Ostrozhsky. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 14, 1500, Tsov Rog Vedrosha (ob peb kilometers ntawm Dorogobuzh) tau tshwm sim, uas tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias-Lithuanian kev ua tsov rog ntawm 1500-1503.
Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Vedrosh
Ua ntej kev sib ntaus sib tua, Lavxias pab tub rog nyob hauv ib lub yeej rog ntawm Mitkovo Pole (ze lub zos Mitkovo), uas nyob 5 km sab hnub poob ntawm Dorogobuzh, dhau ntawm Vedrosh, Selia thiab Trosna dej. Muaj tseeb, cov kws sau keeb kwm tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv raug ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua: qee tus kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias kev sib ntaus sib tua tsis tau mus rau sab hnub poob, tab sis kwv yees li 15 kilometers sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Dorogobuzh, ntawm ntug dej ntawm tus dej niaj hnub no Selnya thiab Ryasna.
Tsuas yog tus choj nyob hauv cov chaw no raug pov hla lub thoob. Kawm paub txog kev ua yeeb ncuab. Cov thawj coj Lavxias tau tsim Lub Tsev Loj Loj, tab sis tus choj tsis raug puas tsuaj. Txoj cai ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias tau ntsib Dnieper, tsis deb ntawm qhov sib tshuam ntawm Trosna, sab laug tau npog los ntawm cov hav zoov tuab. Nyob rau hauv tib lub hav zoov, tau teeb tsa kev tiv thaiv - Tus Saib Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb raws li cov lus txib ntawm Yuri Koshkin. Cov Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab tau hloov mus rau lub tuam txhab nyiaj sab hnub poob, uas xav tias yuav koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab thim rov qab mus rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm ntug dej ntawm Vedrosha, nthuav tawm cov neeg Lithuanians kom tawg ntawm Cov Tub Rog Loj.
Tsis zoo li Lavxias hais kom ua, cov neeg Lithuanian hetman tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv raug txog tus yeeb ncuab. Los ntawm tus neeg tawm tsam, tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev tshem tawm me me ntawm Lavxias. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 14, Ostrozhsky tau tawm tsam cov chav Lavxias qib siab, tau ntxeev lawv thiab pib caum qab. Cov neeg Lithuanians hla tus dej thiab nkag mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov rog ntawm Cov Tub Rog Loj. Kev npau taws tua tau ntev txog 6 teev. Cov rog tau kwv yees li sib npaug thiab ob tog tau tawm tsam ua siab tawv. Qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tau txiav txim siab los ntawm Lavxias cov tub rog zais cia. Cov tub rog Lavxias tau tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab lub ntsej muag, mus rau tom qab ntawm cov neeg Lithuanians thiab rhuav tshem tus choj. Cov yeeb ncuab poob lub sijhawm los thim. Cov neeg Lithuanians poob rau hauv qhov kev ntshai, coob tus neeg poob dej sim khiav, lwm tus raug ntes, suav nrog Hetman Konstantin Ostrozhsky. Tag nrho cov tub rog Lithuanian thiab cov phom loj raug ntes. Cov neeg tuag ntawm Lithuanians tau kwv yees ntau txoj hauv kev - los ntawm 4-8 - txog 30 txhiab tus neeg raug tua thiab raug ntes. Tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog Lavxias poob.
Nws yog qhov kev swb loj - feem ntau sib ntaus sib tua npaj tau ntawm pab tub rog Lithuanian raug tua lossis raug ntes nyob hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Ntxiv rau hetman, lwm tus neeg muaj hwj chim loj hauv tebchaws Lithuania tau raug ntes - voivode Grigory Ostikovich Trotsky, Marshal Ivan Litavor ("Lutavr"), voivode Nikolai Glebov, Nikolai Zinoviev, tus thawj coj Drutskiy, Mosalskiy thiab lwm tus neeg muaj txiaj ntsig. Tau raug kev txom nyem swb, Lithuania raug yuam kom hloov mus rau lub tswv yim tiv thaiv.
Cov tub rog Lavxias txuas ntxiv lawv cov phiaj xwm kev ua tiav. Nyob rau sab qab teb-sab hnub poob, thaum Lub Yim Hli 6, voivode Yakov Koshkin coj Putivl. Nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob, Novgorod-Pskov pab tub rog ntawm Andrei Fedorovich Chelyadnin, uas tau nce los ntawm Velikiye Luki, nqa Toropets thaum Lub Yim Hli 9, thiab tom qab ntawd Belaya. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov phoojywg ntawm Moscow xeev, Crimean Khan Mengli I Girey tau tua nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Grand Duchy ntawm Lithuania. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo, Lavxias Tsar Ivan III tau npaj tsim kom ua tiav qhov ua tiav thiab ua lub caij ntuj no rau Smolensk, tab sis lub caij ntuj no hnyav ntawm 1500-1501. tsis tso cai rau nws ua kom tiav nws cov phiaj xwm.
Tsov rog nrog Livonia (1501-1503)
Rov qab rau xyoo 1500, Lub Xeev Lithuanian tau xa mus rau Tus Xib Hwb Loj ntawm Livonian Order Walter von Plettenberg (Tus Xib Hwb ntawm Livonian Order los ntawm 1494 txog 1535), nrog rau kev thov rau kev koom tes tawm tsam Moscow. Nco txog qhov teeb meem yav dhau los nrog Lithuania, Master Plettenberg tau muab nws kev pom zoo rau kev koom tes tsis yog tam sim ntawd, tab sis tsuas yog hauv 1501. Kev ua tiav ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias hauv kev ua rog nrog Lithuania ua rau Livonians ceeb, thiab lawv txiav txim siab los pab Grand Duchy ntawm Lithuania. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 21, 1501, kev cog lus koomhaum tau kos npe hauv Wenden. Tus tswv txawm sim yaum Pope Alexander VI kom tshaj tawm kev ua rog tawm tsam Russia, tab sis lub tswv yim ua tsis tau.
Rov qab rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1501, ntau dua 200 tus tub lag luam Lavxias tau raug ntes hauv Dorpat, lawv cov khoom raug nyiag. Pskov cov kws sawv cev xa mus rau Livonia raug kaw. Tsov rog nrog Livonia tau hem rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob ntawm Russia. Moscow Tsar Ivan III tau xa mus rau Pskov qhov kev tshem tawm los ntawm Novgorod nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm cov thawj coj Vasily Vasilyevich Shuisky thiab cov tub rog Tver raws li Daniil Alexandrovich Penko (Penko) hais kom ua. Thaum lub Yim Hli pib, lawv koom ua ke hauv Pskov nrog kev tshem tawm ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Ivan Ivanovich Gorbaty. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 22, cov tub rog nyob rau hauv kev hais kom ua ntawm Daniil Penko mus txog ciam teb, qhov chaw sib cav nrog Livonian pab tub rog twb tau muaj lawm.
Thaum Lub Yim Hli 26, 1501, Livonian pab tub rog, coj los ntawm Xib Hwb V. Plettenberg, hla hla ciam teb Lavxias nyob ze lub nroog Ostrov txhawm rau koom ua ke nrog cov tub rog Lithuanian koom nrog hauv tebchaws Russia thiab tawm tsam Pskov. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias Xib Hwb Walter von Plettenberg yog ib tus thawj coj loj tshaj plaws ntawm qhov kev txiav txim hauv nws keeb kwm tag nrho.
Twb tau nyob rau lub Yim Hli 27, Plettenberg cov tub rog tau tawm tsam nrog cov tub rog Lavxias hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm tus dej Seritsa, 10 qhov tseeb los ntawm Izborsk. Lub zog ntawm Livonians thiab Lavxias tau kwv yees kwv yees li ntawm 6 txhiab tus neeg. Lub ntsej muag tseem ceeb ntawm Livonian qhov kev tshem tawm yog qhov muaj nyob hauv nws ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm rab phom loj: phom hauv phom thiab txhais tes squeaks. Cov tub rog Lavxias qib siab (Pskovites) tau npaj txhij txog hla cov rog loj ntawm Livonians. Pskovians nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm tus kav nroog Ivan Tenshin tau tawm tsam Livonian vanguard thiab rhuav tshem nws. Ua raws li cov yeeb ncuab, Pskovians tau khiav mus rau lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, uas muaj sijhawm siv lub roj teeb. Livonians tau ncaws pob ntawm Pskovites; tus kav nroog Ivan Tenshin yog ib tus thawj tuag. Pskovites pib thim tawm hauv hluav taws. Livonians hloov hluav taws mus rau lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshem tawm Lavxias. Cov tub rog Lavxias sib xyaw thiab thim rov qab, tso tseg lub tsheb ciav hlau nqa lub nra. Cov laj thawj rau kev swb ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias, ntxiv rau kev siv rab phom loj los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, kuj tseem nyob hauv lub koom haum tsis txaus siab ntawm kev txawj ntse, kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm Pskov thiab Novgorod-Tver chav nyob ntawm pab tub rog. Feem ntau, ob tog raug kev puas tsuaj me me. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov tub rog Lavxias tau raug kev ntxub ntxaug thiab muab txoj hauv kev rau cov yeeb ncuab.
Lavxias rog thim rov qab mus rau Pskov. Tus tswv Livonian tsis ua raws lawv thiab teeb tsa kev tiv thaiv Izborsk. Cov tub rog ntawm Lavxias teb sab fortress, txawm tias hnyav phom, repulsed tus yeeb ncuab nres. Plettenberg tsis nyob twj ywm thiab txav mus rau Pskov, lub fords hla tus dej Velikaya tsis tuaj yeem nyob tau. Cov Livonians tau siege rau lub fortress me me Ostrov thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 7. Cannon hluav taws poob rau hauv lub nroog. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov foob pob hluav taws, hluav taws kub tau ua rau. Hmo ntuj ntawm lub Cuaj Hli 8, cua daj cua dub ntawm lub fortress engulfed hauv hluav taws pib. Lub nroog tau raug ntes, thaum ua phem thiab tua neeg pov tseg, Livonians tau rhuav tshem tag nrho cov pej xeem ntawm Island - 4 txhiab tus neeg. Tom qab ntawd, Livonians maj nroos rov qab mus rau lawv thaj chaw. Cov kws tshawb fawb npe ob qhov laj thawj rau Livonians rov qab los: 1) kev kis mob tau pib hauv pab tub rog (tus tswv kuj tau mob), 2) txoj haujlwm ntawm cov neeg koom nrog Lithuanian - cov neeg Lithuanians tsis tau los pab Livonians. Tus Vaj Ntxwv Polish Jan Olbracht tuag thiab Grand Duke ntawm Lithuania yuav tsum daws cov teeb meem ntsig txog kev ua lub zwm txwv zwm txwv. Ib qho kev cais me me raug xa mus pab Livonians, tab sis nws tau tshwm sim thaum Livonians twb tau thim rov qab lawm. Cov neeg Lithuanians tau tiv thaiv Opochka lub fortress, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem coj nws thiab tsis ntev rov qab los.
Ivan III Vasilievich coj kom zoo dua qhov tsis sib xws hauv kev ua ntawm cov neeg sib tw. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli, cov tub rog Moscow coob, coj los ntawm tus tswv xeev Daniil Shcheny thiab Alexander Obolensky, tau tsiv mus rau ciam teb sab qaum teb hnub poob. Nws tseem suav nrog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm Kazan Tatars. Thaum koom nrog Pskovites, pab tub rog thaum kawg Lub Kaum Hli hla ciam teb thiab txeeb tau Livonia. Cov cheeb tsam sab hnub tuaj ntawm Livonia, tshwj xeeb yog Dorpat tus npis sov, tau raug kev puas tsuaj loj heev (cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog 40 txhiab tus neeg raug tua thiab raug tshem tawm). Tus tswv Livonian tau sim ua kom zoo dua qhov tseeb tias cov tub rog Lavxias tau sib faib, ua rau cov yeeb ncuab puas tsuaj. Hmo ntuj ntawm Kaum Ib Hlis 24, 1501, nws tau tawm tsam Moscow pab tub rog nyob hauv Helmed tsev fuabtais, ze Dorpat. Thaum pib ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, voivode Alexander Obolensky raug tua, cov tub rog Lavxias sib xyaw thiab thim rov qab. Tab sis tsis ntev Lavxias thiab Tatar cov tub rog tau ntxeev cov yeeb ncuab, kev sib ntaus sib tua tau xaus rau qhov yeej tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias. Cov neeg German tau tsav kaum mais.
Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no 1501-1502, cov tub rog Lavxias nyob rau hauv kev coj ua ntawm Shchenya tau taug kev mus rau Revel. Cov tebchaws German tau raug kev puas tsuaj dua. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1502, Livonians sim teb. Cov tub rog German tau tawm tsam ob txoj hauv kev: ib pawg neeg loj tau tsiv mus rau Ivangorod, thiab lwm qhov mus rau Krasny Gorodok (lub tsev tiv thaiv uas yog thaj av Pskov). Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 9, kev sib ntaus sib tua tau tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw ze ntawm Ivangorod. Tus tswv xeev Novgorod Ivan Kolychev tuag hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, tab sis cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam tau tawm tsam. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 17, Cov Neeg German tau siege rau Krasny Gorodok, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem coj nws. Thaum kawm paub txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Pskov pab tub rog, cov neeg German tau tsa lub qhov rooj thiab rov qab los.
Thaum pib lub caij nplooj zeeg, tus tswv Livonian tau pib ua phem tshiab. Lub sijhawm no, cov tub rog Lavxias tseem ceeb nyob rau sab hnub poob tau thaiv ib puag ncig Smolensk thiab Orsha. Cuaj hlis 2, 15 thous. cov tub rog Livonian tau mus txog Izborsk. Cov tub rog Lavxias tiv thaiv kev ua phem. Plettenberg tsis nyob twj ywm thiab txav mus rau Pskov. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 6, cov neeg German tau pib puag ncig Pskov. Kev sim nrog kev pab ntawm cov phom loj los rhuav tshem ib feem ntawm cov chaw tiv thaiv thiab tsim qhov khoob tsis ua tiav. Lub caij no, tus tswv tsev nyob hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Shchenya thiab Shuisky cov thawj coj tau tawm los pab Pskov los ntawm Novgorod. Cov neeg German pib thim tawm, tab sis lawv tau hla dhau ntawm Lake Smolin. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 13, muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze Lake Smolin. Cov Livonians rov muaj peev xwm ua kom tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov tsis sib xws hauv kev ua ntawm Lavxias cov tub rog thiab yeej qhov yeej. Tab sis, pom tseeb, kev ua tiav ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog hais lus ntxhi (nws tau tshaj tawm txog kev poob ntawm Lavxias 12 txhiab tus tub rog - 3-8 txhiab tus tub rog), txij li Livonians tsis tuaj yeem siv qhov kev yeej, thiab raug yuam tawm txawv teb chaws. Twb tau nyob rau lub caij ntuj no 1502, cov tub rog ntawm cov thawj coj Semyon Starodubsky-Mozhaisky thiab Vasily Shemyachich tau tawm tsam tshiab ntawm thaj av Livonia.
Wenden Tsev fuabtais.
Tsov rog nrog Great Horde thiab Lithuania
Lub sijhawm no, tus tub huabtais Lithuanian zoo tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm Khan ntawm Great Horde (qhov seem ntawm Golden Horde, tom qab kev sib cais ntawm lwm khanates los ntawm nws) Sheikh Ahmed Khan. Hauv 1500 thiab thawj ib nrab ntawm 1501, nws tawm tsam tiv thaiv Crimean Khanate, tab sis thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1501 nws cov tub rog tau ua kev puas tsuaj loj thoob plaws Seversk av. Rylsk thiab Novgorod-Seversky tau plundered. Qee qhov kev sib cais txawm mus txog rau sab nrauv ntawm Bryansk.
Tab sis, txawm tias muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Livonian Order thiab Great Horde, Lavxias cov lus txib thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg 1501 tau teeb tsa kev tawm tsam tshiab tawm tsam Lithuania. Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 4, 1501, muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze Mstislavl. Cov tub rog Lithuanian raws li cov lus txib ntawm voivode Mikhail Izheslavsky tau sim nres Russia cov rog, thiab yeej swb tag. Cov neeg Lithuanians poob txog 7 txhiab tus neeg thiab tag nrho cov chij. Muaj tseeb, lawv ua tsis tau raws li Mstislavl. Cov tub rog Lavxias txwv lawv tus kheej rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cheeb tsam Mstislavl. Cov tub rog yuav tsum raug xa mus rau sab qab teb txhawm rau tshem tawm Tatar tawm ntawm Seversk av.
Sheikh Ahmed Khan tsis tuaj yeem xa lub tshuab thib ob: lub caij ntuj no - lub caij ntuj sov 1502, nws tau tawm tsam nrog cov tub rog Crimean. Lub Khan ntawm Great Horde raug kev puas tsuaj. Sheikh Ahmed Khan tau khiav mus rau Lithuania, qhov uas nws tau raug ntes los ntawm nws cov phoojywg yav dhau los. Great Horde tsis muaj nyob. Nws cov av ib ntus dhau los ua ib feem ntawm Crimean Khanate.
Lub sijhawm no, Ivan III Vasilievich tab tom npaj qhov kev tawm tsam tshiab rau sab hnub poob. Lub hom phiaj yog Smolensk. Muaj zog tau suav sau, tab sis kev tiv thaiv ntawm Smolensk, pib thaum kawg ntawm Lub Xya Hli 1502, xaus rau qhov tsis muaj qab hau. Kev cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov tsis muaj rab phom loj, cov neeg Lithuanians tau tawm tsam tawv ncauj thiab tsis ntev muaj peev xwm txav tau lub zog tseem ceeb mus rau lub chaw tiv thaiv. Cov tub rog Lavxias tau thim tawm ntawm Smolensk.
Tom qab ntawd, qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua tsov rog tau hloov pauv. Cov tub rog Lavxias tau hloov pauv los ntawm kev tawm tsam loj thiab kev tiv thaiv cov chaw tiv thaiv mus rau kev tawm tsam nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm ciam teb volosts. Ib txhij, cov Crimean detachments ntawm Mengli kuv Girey invaded Lithuania thiab Poland. Cov cheeb tsam ntawm Lutsk, Turov, Lvov, Bryaslav, Lublin, Vishnetsk, Belz, Krakow tau puas tsuaj. Ib qho ntxiv, Poland tau tawm tsam los ntawm Stefan Moldavsky. Grand Duchy ntawm Lithuania tau tso ntshav tawm thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua tsov rog ntxiv. Cov tub rog tau koom nrog kev tiv thaiv ntawm ciam teb sab qab teb thiab sab qab teb hnub poob.
Truce
Tus Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Poland thiab Grand Duke ntawm Lithuania Alexander Jagiellon, yav tas los tau pom zoo nrog tus Xib Hwb ntawm Livonian Order Plettenberg, nrog kev kho kom haum xeeb ntawm Hungarian King Vladislav Jagiellon thiab Roman Pope Alexander, pib nrhiav kev pom zoo nrog Moscow muaj hwj chim Qhov kawg ntawm lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1502, Tus Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws Hungary Sigismund Santay tuaj txog hauv Moscow, uas tuaj yeem yaum Ivan mus rau kev sib haum xeeb kev sib tham. Thaum ntxov Lub Peb Hlis 1503, Lithuanian thiab Livonian embassies tuaj txog hauv Lavxias peev. Lithuania tau sawv cev los ntawm Pyotr Mishkovsky thiab Stanislav Glebovich, thiab Livonia tau sawv cev los ntawm Johann Gildorp thiab Klaus Golstvever.
Nws tsis tuaj yeem pom zoo txog kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb, tab sis kev kos npe tau kos npe rau 6 xyoo. Kev Tshaj Tawm Tshaj Tawm tau kos npe thaum Lub Peb Hlis 25, 1503. Raws li qhov pom zoo ntawm daim ntawv cog lus no, thaj chaw loj tau raug xa mus rau Lavxias lub xeev - kwv yees li ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho Grand Duchy ntawm Lithuania. Rus tau txais qhov siab tshaj ntawm Oka thiab Dnieper nrog 19 lub nroog ciam teb, suav nrog Chernigov, Novgorod-Seversky, Gomel, Bryansk, Starodub, Putivl, Dorogobuzh, Toropets, thiab lwm yam. Ib qho ntxiv, Moscow tau txais qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm nws cov yeeb ncuab sab hnub poob-tshiab ciam teb Lavxias-Lithuanian tam sim no tau khiav 100 km ntawm Smolensk thiab 45-50 km ntawm Kiev. Ivan III Vasilyevich nkag siab tias qhov no tsis yog kev ua tsov rog zaum kawg nrog Lithuania, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev koom ua ke ntawm tebchaws Russia tseem tsis tau tiav. Ob tog tau npaj siab npaj ua tsov rog tshiab.
Lub Plaub Hlis 2, 1503, tau kos npe rau kev ua rog nrog Livonian Order. Raws li nws, qhov xwm txheej tam sim no ante bellum tau rov qab los, uas yog, lub zog tau rov qab mus rau lub xeev ntawm ciam teb ua ntej kev tawm tsam kev ua phem.
