Thaum Lub Yim Hli 14 (26), 1813, ntawm tus dej Katzbach (tam sim no tus dej Kachava) hauv Silesia, muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov phoojywg (Lavxias-Prussian) Silesian pab tub rog nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Prussian general Gebgard Lembrecht Blucher thiab pab tub rog Fab Kis. raws li cov lus txib ntawm Marshal Jacques MacDonald. Qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua no tau xaus nrog kev yeej ntawm Russia-Prussian pab tub rog thiab coj Blucher cov neeg thoob ntiaj teb, thiab lub npe ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Walstadt.
Raws li tau hais hauv kab lus Qhov kawg ntawm Kev Ua Phem ntawm 1813. Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Großberen ntawm 23 Lub Yim Hli 1813, tom qab kev txiav txim siab ntawm Pleiswitz Armistice, Silesian pab tub rog raws li cov lus txib ntawm Prussian General Blucher yog thawj tus mus rau kev tawm tsam. Napoleon, ntseeg tias cov no yog lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm cov phoojywg, coj nws pab tub rog tawm tsam pab tub rog Silesian, tabsis tau kawm paub txog kev txav mus los ntawm Bohemian pab tub rog mus rau Dresden, nws raug yuam kom thim rov qab, tawm qhov thaiv tawm tsam Blucher raws li cov lus txib ntawm MacDonald. Fab Kis tus thawj tswj hwm tau txais txoj haujlwm kom mus txog Breslau txhawm rau cais Prussian Silesia thiab Austrian Bohemia.
Gebhard Leberecht von Blucher (1742 - 1819).
Lub zog sib npaug thiab kev xav
Cov tub rog Silesian suav txog 100 txhiab tus neeg (ntau dua 60 txhiab tus neeg Lavxias thiab kwv yees li 40 txhiab tus neeg Prussians) nrog 340 rab phom. Ntawm cov no, 14, 3 txhiab tus tub rog caij tsheb, 8, 8 txhiab Cossacks. Cov tub rog muaj ob pab tub rog Lavxias thiab ib tus Prussian: Cov tub rog Lavxias nyob hauv kev hais kom ua Tus Thawj Tub Rog Fabian Wilhelmovich Osten-Saken (18 txhiab tus tub rog nrog 60 phom), Lavxias cov tub rog ntawm cov tub rog dav dav Alexander Fedorovich Langeron (43 txhiab tus neeg, 176 phom) thiab Prussian cov tub rog raws li cov lus txib ntawm General Johann Yorke (38, 2 txhiab tus neeg, 104 phom). Kev sib ntaus sib tua nws tus kheej tau koom nrog txog 70-75 txhiab tus neeg. Ib feem ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Silesian cov tub rog tau xa mus rau lwm cov lus qhia - cov tub rog ntawm Suav ntawm Saint -Pov Thawj thiab Tus Thawj Coj General Palen, thiab txog li 12 txhiab tus tib neeg twb tuag lawm, raug mob, poob mob lossis tsis muaj neeg nyob.
Cov tub rog Silesian tau tuav haujlwm ntawm sab xis ntawm Katsbach ntawm lub tiaj tiaj Jauer. Los ntawm sab qab teb-sab hnub poob, lub toj siab tau hla tus dej ntawm Katsbakh, Neisse River. Osten-Saken lub cev tau nyob ntawm sab xis, Langeron ntawm sab laug, thiab cov Prussians nyob hauv nruab nrab. Neisse cais Langeron cov tub rog Lavxias los ntawm cov tub rog tseem ceeb ntawm Blucher cov tub rog.
Thawj kab ntawm Osten -Saken corps yog 27th Infantry Division of Neverovsky, hauv qhov thib ob - Lieven's 10th Infantry Division. Cov tub rog Kurland thiab Smolensk Dragoon nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm General General Ushakov ntawm sab xis ntawm kab thib ob tom qab lub zos Eichgolts. 2nd Hussar Division nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Adjutant General Vasilchikov tau nyob rau sab xis ntawm Eichholtz, thiab Karpov's Cossack regiments ntawm qhov kawg ntawm sab xis. Hauv thawj kab ntawm York cov tub rog yog 7th Horn Brigade - sab xis tis, 8th Brigade ntawm Gunerbein - sab laug. Cov tub rog ntawm Pawg Tub Rog ntawm Brandenburg, Lub Peb Hlis 11th thiab 36th Jaeger Regiments nyob hauv lub nroog Schlaupe, tswj kev sib cuag nrog Lanzheron cov tub rog. Rau tib lub hom phiaj, Schlaup muaj cov tub rog sib ntaus sib tua thiab cov tub rog tawg rog, ob pab tub rog ntawm Brandenburg hussars thiab ob pab tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Prussian lub tebchaws. Hauv kab thib ob yog 1st pawg tub rog ntawm Colonel Steinmetz thiab pawg tub rog thib ob ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Mecklenburg. Tom qab ntawd pawg tub rog thib ob tau raug tsiv mus rau thawj kab, nruab nrab ntawm pawg thib 7 thiab 8, thiab pawg tub rog thib 1 tau raug xa mus pab Langeron cov tub rog. Cavalry raws li cov lus txib ntawm Colonel Yurgas tau nyob hauv qhov tshwj tseg.
Cov thawj tub rog ntawm Langeron cov tub rog yog 45th thiab 29th Jaeger cov tub rog, Arkhangelsk thiab Old Ingermanland cov tub rog, 2nd Ukrainian Cossack, Lifland Nees Jaeger, Kiev Dragoon regiments. Qab lawv yog lub zog tseem ceeb: 6th Infantry Corps ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Shcherbatov ua ib feem ntawm pawg thib 7 thiab 18, pawg tub rog thib 9 ntawm Olsufiev - pawg thib 9 thiab 15th, thiab Jaeger cov tub rog. Qhov thib 10 Infantry Corps thiab cov tub rog tau nyob hauv qhov tshwj tseg.
Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias Silesian pab tub rog tau qaug zog los ntawm kev sib ntaus thaum Lub Yim Hli 21-23, yuam kev hloov pauv ua rau huab cua tsis zoo, thiab tsis muaj kev txwv, qhov no ua rau muaj neeg mob thiab neeg khiav tawm coob ntxiv. Cov thawj coj hauv pawg tau hais tawm tsis txaus siab rau Blucher, tsis nkag siab lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev taug kev, thawj zaug mus tom ntej, tom qab ntawd rov qab. Tib txoj hauv kev kom rov muaj cai ntawm cov tub rog yog qhov kev txiav txim siab yeej.
MacDonald cov tub rog tau nyob ntawm cov hav ntoo uas nyob sab laug ntawm Katsbach. Nws pab pawg (npe menyuam yaus los ntawm Bober River - Bober Army) suav nrog 5th Infantry Corps nyob rau hauv kev hais kom ua ntawm General Jacques Loriston, 11th Infantry Corps nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm General Etienne -Maurice Gerard, 3rd Infantry Corps ntawm General Joseph Suam (Sugam) thiab 2nd Cavalry Corps Horace Sebastiani de La Porta. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, MacDonald's pab pawg muaj txog 80 txhiab tus tub rog (suav nrog 6 txhiab tus tub rog), nrog 200 phom. Muaj li ntawm 60-65 txhiab tus tub rog nyob hauv tshav rog.
Cov phiaj xwm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Katsbach thaum Lub Yim Hli 14 (26), 1813
Sib ntaus
Tag nrho hnub ntawm Lub Yim Hli 14 (26), tau muaj nag los nag hnyav, nws tau ua rau hnub thib peb. Blucher, vim tias Fab Kis ncua sijhawm, txiav txim siab tias lawv mus rau qhov kev tiv thaiv thiab xav hla mus rau qhov tawm tsam nws tus kheej. Nws tau txais cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev txawj ntse uas Napoleon tau tawm mus nrog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm pab tub rog thiab xav ua kom zoo dua ntawm kev ua kom tsis muaj zog ntawm cov yeeb ncuab thiab muab nws rau kev txiav txim siab sib ntaus.
Tab sis cov tub rog Fab Kis yog thawj tus hla Katsbakh River. Tus thawj coj Fab Kis tau npaj los thawb cov yeeb ncuab ntxiv mus rau sab hauv ntawm Silesia, thiab vam tias ib qho ntawm nws cov tub rog yuav txaus rau tus yeeb ncuab thim rov qab. MacDonald tau hais kom ua kev soj xyuas hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hla tus dej thiab thaum tav su Fab Kis hla tus dej thiab Neisse hla tus choj thiab ford. Cov neeg thib 3 ntawm Suam yuav tsum hla txoj cai ntawm Blucher, tab sis cov tub rog tsis tuaj yeem daws qhov teeb meem no vim tsis muaj peev xwm hla tus dej. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tshuab ntawm MacDonald cov tub rog tau qaug zog. Puteaux txoj kev faib tawm los ntawm pawg neeg thib 5, hais qhia rau Schönau, Ledru txoj kev faib pawg ntawm pawg 11 uas tau xa mus rau Hirschberg, pawg Charpentier thiab ob pawg ntawm pawg thib 3 tsis koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam. MacDonald nws tus kheej tau nyob nrog Loriston cov tub rog, thiab poob lub peev xwm los coj cov chav kawm hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab tshaj plaws, hauv nruab nrab. Cov tub rog Fab Kis hla tus dej tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam, tsis pom tus yeeb ncuab. Cov tub rog tseem ua raws pab tub rog.
Los ntawm cov neeg hauv York, pawg tub rog thib 8 yog thawj tus koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov yeeb ncuab. Nws tau rhuav tshem ib pab tub rog Fab Kis hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab tsoo ob pawg tub rog. Cov yeeb ncuab rab phom raug ntes. Cov tub rog caij nees Fab Kis tau sim pab pab tub rog, tab sis tau rov qab los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Colonel Yurgas, National Cavalry Regiment, 1st West Prussian thiab Lithuanian Dragoon Regiments. Lawv tau ua raws los ntawm 1st Neimark Landwehr thiab Brandenburg Uhlan cov tub rog. Cov tub rog Lithuanian cov tub rog sib txawv nws tus kheej feem ntau ntawm txhua qhov, uas tau hla Fab Kis kab ntawm cov tub rog thiab cov phom loj thiab taug kev hla Fab Kis sab nraub qaum, txiav tawm cov tub rog thiab cov tub rog phom, tso ntau tus yeeb ncuab phom mus rau qhov tsis muaj zog. Thaum Fab Kis cov tub rog caij nkoj mus rau lub nkoj, cov tub rog Lithuanian tau raug cawm los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm Prussian cov tub rog caij nees.
Txawm li cas los xij, kev tawm tsam ntawm Prussian cavalry tsis tau txiav txim siab qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Sebastiani's 2nd Cavalry Corps tau ua tiav, Prussian cov tub rog, tau daig hauv av, hauv nag los, poob nws lub zog. Peb pawg tub rog Fab Kis tau nce mus rau Kugberg Hill thiab qhib hluav taws ntawm lub flank ntawm Prussian cov tub rog. Lub Prussian cavalry raug yuam kom thim. Fab Kis, nrhiav cov Prussians, tsoo rau hauv lawv thawj cov tub rog. Tus tub rog thib ob ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Karl ntawm Mecklenburg yuav tsum tau tsiv mus rau thawj kab. Blucher nws tus kheej maj mus ua rog. Tom qab kev tawm tsam tawv ncauj, Fab Kis raug pov rov qab.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Osten-Saken corps tau hla mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam. Thaum txog 17:00 cov tub rog tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab los ntawm peb qhov kev qhia. Major General UA Yurkovskiy nrog Mariupol thiab Alexandria hussar regiments tsoo cov yeeb ncuab ntawm sab xub ntiag. Tus Thawj Coj General S. N. Lanskoy nrog Belorussian thiab Akhtyrka hussars tsoo ntawm sab laug. Thiab rau Cossack regiments A. A. Karpov tau mus tom qab cov yeeb ncuab kab. Neverovsky's 27th Infantry Division tau nce qib tom qab hussars. Cov dej nag tau txwv tsis pub siv phom, yog li cov tub rog tau tsoo nrog rab phom. Cov tub rog Prussian tau rov ua nws qib thiab txhawb nqa kev tawm tsam. MacDonald cia siab tias Flank ntawm Gerard's 11th corps yuav raug npog los ntawm Suam tus thib 3, tab sis nws tsis muaj sijhawm los pab cawm cov neeg tawg rog. Cov tub rog Fab Kis tau thim rov qab los ntawm cov tub rog muaj zog thiab, tau khiav tawm, ua rau lawv cov tub rog tsis txaus siab.
Blucher, pom kev ua tiav ntawm cov tub rog, tau xaj kom txhua tus tub rog ntawm cov tub rog ntawm York thiab Osten-Sacken mus tua. Cov tub rog Fab Kis tau sim nres tus yeeb ncuab, tab sis tau tsav rov qab. Thaum ib qho ntawm kev sib cais ntawm pawg Fab Kis thib 3 thiab peb lub tub rog sib ntaus sib tua muaj peev xwm hla tus dej tau, kev sib ntaus sib tua rov muaj zog tib yam, tab sis cov tub rog no tsis tuaj yeem kho qhov xwm txheej no ntxiv lawm. Thaum kawg Fab Kis raug thawb rov qab mus rau Katsbach. Lub davhlau pib.
Cov phoojywg tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev siv phom loj. Fab Kis, nias tawm tsam tus dej, tsis tuaj yeem tswj hwm lawv lub roj teeb. Vim li ntawd, Fab Kis cov tub rog yuav tsum tso cov phom feem ntau thaum lawv thim rov qab hla tus dej. Cov dej Katsbakh thiab Neisse tau ntws los ntawm cov nag ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj hauv kev muaj peev xwm rov los, lub fords dhau los ua tsis tau rau cov tub rog, thiab tsuas yog tus choj tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus lub nra. Cov roj teeb sib xyaw ua ke los ntawm qhov siab tau tua cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov neeg Fabkis uas khiav tawm, uas muaj neeg coob coob nyob pem hauv ntej ntawm tus dej. Tus yeeb ncuab raug kev txom nyem hnyav. Twb lig nyob rau yav tsaus ntuj, Katsbakh tau yuam ob qho kev sib faib ntxiv ntawm Fab Kis thib 3 thiab ob pab tub rog. Tab sis lawv tau ntsib los ntawm cov phom loj hnyav los ntawm Saken lub cev, thiab cov yeeb ncuab, tau raug kev txom nyem hnyav, thim rov qab.
Ntawm sab laug ntawm cov tub rog sib koom ua ke, thaum pib yam tsis zoo li qub. Langeron Lavxias lub cev, sib cais los ntawm cov tub rog tseem ceeb los ntawm tus dej Neisse, tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus kev ua phem ntawm Loriston tus neeg thib 5. Lavxias avant-garde nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Rudzevich thaum xub thawj tuav rov qab ua phem ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, tab sis muaj kev hem thawj kom hla nws, thiab Langeron xaj kom thim rov qab. Hauv ntau txoj hauv kev, kev thim rov qab yog vim yuam kev los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog. Langeron, ntseeg tias vim huab cua tsis zoo thiab txoj kev tsis zoo, cov phom loj yuav yog qhov cuam tshuam, tsis yog kev pab, tso cov phom loj nyob tom qab thiab tsis tuaj yeem rub nws thaum sib ntaus sib tua. Vim yog av nkos, lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm rab phom loj tsis tuaj yeem rub mus rau cov tub rog thiab tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab hla kev. Blucher ncaj qhov xwm txheej los ntawm kev xa ib pab tub rog los pab Lanzheron, uas tau tsoo ntawm tus yeeb ncuab lub ntsej muag. Tawm tsam ntawm sab xub ntiag thiab sab nraub qaum, Fab Kis tsis tuaj yeem sawv thiab pib thim rov qab.
Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm tus dej Katsbakh. Kev kos duab los ntawm A. Bartsch tom qab tus thawj los ntawm I. Klein. OK. 1825g ua.
MacDonald tau hais kom rov qab mus rau Bunzlau. Thawj tus hla Katsbakh yog Gorn pawg tub rog thiab Yurgas cov tub rog los ntawm York cov neeg tuag, Vasilchikov cov tub rog caij nkoj los ntawm Saken lub cev thiab Rudzevich cov tub rog los ntawm Langeron cov neeg tuag. Kev hla tau nyuaj los ntawm dej nyab ntawm tus dej, uas ua rau qeeb qeeb ntawm qhov kev tawm tsam. Lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm peb pawg tau txav mus tom qab cov thawj coj ua rog. Hmo rov qab los tsis txaus ntseeg cov tub rog Fabkis. Langeron cov neeg ua haujlwm tau ua tiav qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev nrhiav cov yeeb ncuab. Rudzevich tus vanguard ntsib cov neeg tuag, raug mob, phom, tsheb thauj khoom ntawm txhua kauj ruam. Fab Kis tau swb rau hauv cov neeg coob coob. Grekov's Cossacks ntawm Prausnits tau faib cov yeeb ncuab cais tawm, nqa 700 tus neeg raug kaw thiab 5 phom. Tver dragoon, Seversky thiab Chernigov nees-jaeger cov tub rog raws li cov lus txib ntawm General General Panchulidze yeej cov yeeb ncuab sib cais hauv Goldberg, ntes 1 txhiab tus neeg. Lwm 1200 tus neeg tau pom hauv tsev kho mob (suav nrog 200 tus neeg Lavxias thiab 400 tus neeg Prussians). Cov tub rog Kharkov thiab Kiev tau hla tus yeeb ncuab txoj kev ze Pilgramsdorf, nqa 1,200 tus neeg raug kaw thiab 6 phom. Cov chav ua ntej ntawm cov tub rog ntawm York thiab Osten-Saken tsis tau ua tiav, txij li qhov thib 3 pawg ntawm Sugama, qhov cuam tshuam tsawg tshaj plaws hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, thim rov qab kom zoo thiab npog kev tshem tawm ntawm lwm pab tub rog. Nws tau txhawb nqa los ntawm Sebastiani cov tub rog.
Kev nce dej hauv tus Dej Beaver tau tsim teeb meem loj rau Fab Kis cov tub rog, ncua lawv txoj kev tawm mus. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Pawg Tub Rog Tub Rog 17th nyob rau hauv kev hais kom ua ntawm General J. Puteaux los ntawm 5th Corps of Loriston, uas tau npog txoj cai sab xis ntawm pab pawg Fabkis, raug txiav tawm ntawm cov tub rog tseem ceeb thiab thaum Lub Yim Hli 29 tau swb nyob ze Zobten thaum hla tus Dej Beaver los ntawm Lanzheron corps. Fab Kis, txawm tias nkees nkees mus thiab ua tau zoo tshaj ntawm cov yeeb ncuab rog, ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam tsis txaus ntseeg, tab sis tau ntxeev thiab pov rov qab rau hauv tus dej, qhov uas ntau tus neeg poob dej. 400 tus neeg raug tua, suav nrog Brigadier General Sible. Ntau tshaj peb txhiab tus neeg raug ntes, suav nrog kev faib dav dav Puteaux, 16 rab phom raug ntes. Cov tub rog Fab Kis rov qab sab hnub poob los ntawm Silesia mus rau Bautzen hauv Saxony. Blucher. Tau txais xov xwm ntawm kev swb ntawm Bohemian pab tub rog nyob ze Dresden, nws nres qhov kev tawm tsam.
K. Buinitsky. Kharkov dragoons ntawm Katsbakh.
Cov txiaj ntsig
Kev swb ntawm pab tub rog Fabkis tau tshwm sim los ntawm ntau qhov yuam kev. MacDonald tau faib nws lub zog, thiab pib hla hla yam tsis muaj kev saib xyuas tag nrho ntawm thaj chaw. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Blucher muaj peev xwm tsoo ib feem ntawm cov tub rog ntawm cov yeeb ncuab thiab muab kev pab rau Langeron cov tub rog ntawm sab laug. Qhov zoo ntawm cov phoojywg hauv cov tub rog kuj cuam tshuam. Ntxiv mus, Fab Kis tsis tuaj yeem tswj hwm lawv cov phom loj.
Cov tub rog sib koom ua ke poob txog 8 txhiab tus neeg raug tua thiab raug mob, hauv qab 3,5 txhiab tus neeg Lavxias. Ib qho ntxiv, qee tus Prussians - los ntawm ib feem ntawm Landwehr ntawm Prussian militia), mus tsev, nkees nkees ntawm kev tawm tsam thiab kev sib ntaus. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau sau tseg qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm Lavxias rog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Katsbakh. Yog li Lavxias tus kws sau keeb kwm keeb kwm Anton Kersnovsky tau sau tias: Lub yeeb koob ntawm ob qhov kev yeej tshwj xeeb zoo nkauj ci rau lub suab raj thiab cov qauv ntawm peb cov tub rog. Thawj zaug yog hnub Lub Yim Hli 14, thaum cov tub rog Lavxias, nrog nws tsoo tsoo, tsav MacDonald cov tub rog mus rau hauv cua daj cua dub ntawm Katsbach! Cov tub rog Fab Kis raug kev txom nyem hnyav hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua no: kwv yees li 30 txhiab tus neeg (12 txhiab tus neeg raug tua thiab raug mob, 18 txhiab tus neeg raug kaw), 103 phom. Ntau tus neeg Fabkis tau poob dej thaum khiav. Qhov kev yeej no yog qhov tseem ceeb, raws li nws coj mus rau qhov ua tiav ntawm Trachenberg txoj phiaj xwm - kev siv zog ntawm Napoleon cov tub rog los ntawm kev kov yeej ib feem ntawm nws pab tub rog. MacDonald cov tub rog, tom qab swb ntawm Katzbach, tau ua rau neeg tsis ncaj ncees.
