Raws li qhov kev swb ntawm Bryansk thiab Yav Qab Teb thiab cov kev hem thawj uas yuav los txog ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob thaum Lub Kaum Hli 24, 1941, Kharkov tau tawm mus yam tsis muaj kev tawm tsam hnyav. Cov tub rog Soviet, ua kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv tom qab, thim rov qab 60-150 km, nce lub hauv paus ntawm ntug dej sab hnub tuaj ntawm Seversky Donets River.
Lub xeev ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam
Txog thaum kawg xyoo 1941, cheeb tsam Kharkov thiab Donbass tau tiv thaiv los ntawm pab tub rog ntawm Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob (Kostenko) thiab Sab Qab Teb (Malinovsky), suav nrog 38th (Maslov), 6th (Gorodnyansky), 12th (Koroteev), 18th (Kolpakchi), 9th (Kharitonov), 37th (Lopatin) thiab 56th (Tsyganov) cov tub rog. Lawv tau tawm tsam los ntawm pab pawg German pab tub rog "Sab Qab Teb" (Runstedt), suav nrog thaj tsam 6 (Reichenau), 17th (Goth) teb, 1st tank (Kleist) cov tub rog thiab cov tub rog Italian ntoj ke mus kawm.
Qhov xwm txheej ntawm pem hauv ntej hauv cheeb tsam ntawm Donbass thiab Kharkov thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1941 yog tus yam ntxwv tsis ruaj khov nrog kev sib tawm tsam nrog kev ncaj ncees ruaj khov. Cov tub rog Soviet tau ua tiav Rostov kev ua haujlwm thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis-Kaum Ob Hlis 1941 thiab tau tsav cov neeg German tawm ntawm Rostov-on-Don.
Tom qab swb ntawm cov neeg German nyob ze Moscow, Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Siab Tshaj Plaws tau thov kom tag nrho kev tawm tsam ntawm txhua lub tebchaws Soviet los ntawm Ladoga mus rau Hiav Txwv Azov. Cov lus txib ntawm Sab Qab Teb Hnub Poob (Timoshenko) thaum kawg ntawm Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1941 tau teeb tsa cov lus txib ntawm Sab Qab Teb Hnub Poob (Kostenko) thiab Yav Qab Teb (Malinovsky) txhawm rau txhawm rau npaj kev tawm tsam hauv thaj tsam Kharkov thiab Donbass txhawm rau kom sai sai mus rau Dnieper hauv Thaj tsam Dnipropetrovsk thiab Zaporozhye, yuam cov dej thaiv ntawm cov dej khov thiab qaug dab peg ntawm tus choj hla ntawm sab xis, nrog rau kev dim ntawm Kharkov thiab Donbass. Thawj theem, kev ua haujlwm tau hu ua Kharkov, thiab los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm Lub Ib Hlis 1942 Barvenkovsko-Lozovskaya.
Kev ua haujlwm tau ua tiav (18-31) Lub Ib Hlis 1942 los ntawm cov rog ntawm Sab Qab Teb Hnub Poob thiab Sab Qab Teb.
Hauv thaj tsam ntawm Balakleya, Lozovaya thiab Barvenkovo, cov yeeb ncuab kev tiv thaiv tau teeb tsa raws li tus lej ntawm cov ntsiab lus muaj zog. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua haujlwm suav nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm ob sab nrog lub hom phiaj txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm Balakleia thiab Artyomovsk, nkag mus rau tom qab ntawm Donbass-Taganrog cov yeeb ncuab pab pawg, thawb nws rov qab mus rau ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Hiav Txwv Azov. thiab rhuav tshem nws. Cov tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob, Pawg Tub Rog 38th (Maslov), yuav tsum tawm tsam Kharkov, thiab 6th Army (Gorodnyansky), nyob rau thaj tsam uas 6 Cavalry Corps (Bychkovsky), yuav tsum tau nkag mus rau hauv kev kov yeej, npog nws qhov kev tawm tsam los ntawm sab qab teb, thiab los ntawm sab Izyum, cov tub rog ntawm Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob - thib 9 thiab 37th pab tub rog.
Ntawm Izyum-Barvenkovo cov lus qhia hauv kab yeeb ncuab ntawm kev tiv thaiv, muaj ob txoj kev sib cais me me thiab ob qhov tshwj tseg hauv thaj tsam Lozovaya, Barvenkovo, Slavyansk. Hauv Artyomovsk cov lus qhia hauv cheeb tsam tiv thaiv muaj 5 pawg tub rog tawg, ib pawg tub ceev xwm Italian thiab ib pab tub rog nyob hauv cheeb tsam Konstantinovka. Qhov qis tshaj plaws ntawm kev tiv thaiv yeeb ncuab yog nyob rau thaj tsam Izyum, tab sis cov tub rog uas tau nce qib yuav tsum tau ntsib lub zog tiv thaiv yeeb ncuab muaj zog hauv Slavyansk, Balakleya thiab Barvenkovo. Qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws yog lub chaw tiv thaiv hauv Balakleya, nrog lub choj ruaj khov ntawm sab laug ntawm Seversky Donets.
Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1, 1942, kev sib sau ntawm pab tub rog ntawm 9th thiab 37th pab tub rog ntawm Sab Qab Teb Pem Hauv Ntej los ntawm Rostov mus rau Izyum-Barvenkovo cov lus qhia tau pib, thiab thaum Lub Ib Hlis 17 nws tau ua tiav.
Cov tub rog ntawm 6th Army ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Sab Qab Teb muaj ib thiab ib nrab qhov zoo tshaj li cov tub rog ntawm 6th Army ntawm Wehrmacht hauv tib neeg lub zog thiab tso tsheb hlau luam, tab sis yog peb zaug qis dua hauv cov phom loj.
Cov tub rog ntawm 37th thiab 9th pab tub rog ntawm Sab Qab Teb Pem Hauv Ntej tsis zoo rau pawg German Schwedler uas tawm tsam hauv kev ua haujlwm thiab riam phom. Nrog rau cov peev txheej tsis txaus ntseeg thiab tsis muaj qhov ua tau zoo tshaj rau cov yeeb ncuab, qhov kev hais kom ua ntawm Sab Qab Teb Hnub Poob thiab Sab Qab Teb tau mus ua qhov kev tawm tsam loj, lub hom phiaj uas tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov xwm txheej ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv ntej.
Cov av nyob hauv thaj av ntawm Balakleya thiab Izyum tau pab cov yeeb ncuab los npaj kev tiv thaiv mus sij hawm ntev nrog cov rog tsawg. Dej nyab ntawm Seversky Donets tau dav nyob rau sab laug thiab nqaim ntawm sab xis. Lub txhab nyiaj sab laug tau npog nrog swamps thiab oxbows raws nws qhov ntev tag nrho. Lub tsev txhab nyiaj sab xis nrog txoj kab nqaim ntawm lub tiaj tus dej nyab tau nias tawm tsam cov av chalk nce mus txog qhov siab ntawm 80-160 m, los ntawm qhov uas tag nrho lub txhab nyiaj sab laug tau pom meej.
Lub hauv paus ntawm tus yeeb ncuab kev tiv thaiv yog kev sib hais haum rau kev tiv thaiv raws li cov ntsiab lus muaj zog, thiab nyob rau lub sijhawm sib nrug ntawm kev sib hais haum, ntxiv rau cov trenches rau cov phom loj thiab phom tshuab, cov bunkers tau npaj. Yog li, txoj kab tiv thaiv zoo ntawm qhov tob txaus tau tsim los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab ntawm sab xis ntawm Seversky Donets.
Qhov pib ntawm kev tawm tsam
Tom qab kev npaj phom loj thaum Lub Ib Hlis 18, 1942, pab tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Poob thiab Sab Qab Teb tau tawm tsam tawm tsam Kharkov thiab Donbass cov yeeb ncuab pab pawg los ntawm Volchansk mus rau Artyomovsk. Twb tau nyob hauv thawj hnub ntawm kev tawm tsam, cov yeeb ncuab tau tawm tsam ntau lub zog tawm tsam.
Thawj theem ntawm kev tawm tsam, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tau muab rau lub zog tshiab ntawm 57th Army, uas tau xa lub tshuab tseem ceeb hauv Barvenkov thiab Lozovaya. Sab hnub tuaj ntawm Kharkov, cov tub rog ntawm 38th Army tau pib ua phem, sab qab teb ntawm Kharkov, cov tub rog ntawm 6th Army tau tsoo lub tshuab los ntawm tus choj hla lub hnub ua ntej ntawm sab xis ntawm Seversky Donets.
Txog Lub Ib Hlis 21, 1942, Cov tub rog Soviet tau ua tiav txoj haujlwm txhawm rau txhawm rau ua yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv thiab mus txog qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Tab sis cov tub rog ntawm 38th thiab 6th pab tub rog, npog Kharkov los ntawm sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb, tau nce mus rau qhov tob txog li 10 km, tom qab ntawd qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm Kharkov tau nres. Tymoshenko txiav txim siab tso tseg qhov kev tawm tsam ntxiv rau Kharkov tseem tos cov txiaj ntsig hauv txoj kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev tawm tsam.
Cov tub rog 57th tshiab, uas, raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm thawj kev sib ntaus sib tua, xav tias yuav tsum mus txog qhov tob tshaj plaws nkag mus, tsis ua raws li qhov kev cia siab ntawm cov lus txib ntawm Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob. Tymoshenko rov ua haujlwm rau pab tub rog thib 6 los tawm tsam qhov tseem ceeb - mus rau Sab Hnub Poob Donbass thiab khoov ntawm Dnieper. Tam sim no 57th thiab 6th pab tub rog tau nce qib ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm Sab Qab Teb Hnub Poob thiab Sab Qab Teb.
Kev tawm tsam ntawm Barvenkovo
Raws li cov phiaj xwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm, thaj av ntawm Kharkov yuav tsum raug ntes los ntawm Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob, thiab Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob muaj cov haujlwm sib txawv kiag li - kom mus txog qhov khoov ntawm Dnieper. Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua raws txoj phiaj xwm, lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm ob txoj hauv kev tau npaj los daws qhov haujlwm thib ob thiab cov lus txib tau teeb tsa lub hom phiaj rau kev tawm tsam ib puag ncig ntawm Slavic-Kramatorsk cov yeeb ncuab pab pawg los ntawm kev cuam tshuam kev sib txuas lus nyob tom qab ntawm qhov tsis kam tiv thaiv, yog Barvenkovo. Hauv lub nroog no, txoj kev sib tshuam mus rau Slavyansk, Kramatorsk, Balakleia, Lozovaya, Krasnoarmeyskoye. Barvenkovo tseem yog lub hauv paus khoom qab rau cov yeeb ncuab pawg thiab qhov tseem ceeb Lozovaya-Slavyansk txoj kev tsheb nqaj hlau hla nws.
Xav txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv chaw hauv Barvenkovo, nyob nruab nrab ntawm Slavyansk thiab Lozova, cov lus txib ntawm Sab Qab Teb-Sab Hnub Poob muab kev txiav txim siab ua ntej ntawm Barvenkovo mus rau sab xis ntawm kev sib faib ntawm 57th Army, 1st thiab 5th cavalry cov neeg.
Kev tshem tawm qhov kev tiv thaiv pob no tau muab qhov sib txawv ob zaug hauv kev sib txuas lus ntawm Kharkov thiab Donbass cov yeeb ncuab pawg, thiab kev sib cais ntawm qhov chaw tiv thaiv hauv Lozovaya tsis pub Kharkov thiab Donbass pawg sib txuas lus thiab, vim li ntawd, muab cov yeeb ncuab Donbass pab pawg. tau cuam tshuam.
Hnub tom ntej, Lub Ib Hlis 22, cov tub rog ntawm 57th Army, uas yav dhau los tau nce qib mus rau cov tub rog ntawm 6th Army nyob rau sab hnub poob, tau pib tig mus rau sab hnub poob sab hnub poob, raws li Barvenkovo. Yog li, Lozovaya - Slavyansk txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau tau raug txiav hauv thaj tsam sab hnub poob ntawm Barvenkovo rau qhov kev tawm tsam tom ntej thiab hla dhau qhov tsis kam tiv thaiv los ntawm sab qab teb hnub poob. Txog thaum yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Lub Ib Hlis 22, ua tsaug rau kev hla kev tswj hwm ntawm cov neeg caij nees, lub nroog tau raug tso tawm, thiab 7 qhov chaw nyob hauv nws ib puag ncig kuj tau raug tso tawm.
Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 25, Pawg Tub Rog 57 tau ua lub luag haujlwm kom ncav txoj kab Semyonovka, Bogdanovka, Bogodarov, Viknin, Novo-Grigorovka, Ivanovsky, Nikolsky kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev txav ntawm cov tub rog tseem ceeb ntawm 5th Cavalry Corps los ntawm sab qab teb hnub poob. Thaum kov yeej qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, cov neeg caij nees tau khiav mus rau Stepanovka. Txog kev tawm tsam sib koom ua ke hauv Kramatorsk cov lus qhia, pawg tub rog thib 6 tau xa mus rau thaj tsam ntawm kev ua tub rog 255th. Thaum sawv ntxov ntawm Lub Ib Hlis 27, 5 Cavalry Corps hla tus dej. Bull, tsoo rau hauv Kryvyi Rih thiab kov yeej ib pab tub rog ntawm Croatian "dab ntxwg nyoog" cov tub rog ntawm 101st Infantry Division.
Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 27, chav nyob ntawm 1st Cavalry Corps pib tsim kev tawm tsam hauv Constantine cov lus qhia, nkag mus tob rau tom qab ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Tib hnub ntawd, chav nyob ntawm 270th Rifle Division tau nyob hauv Lozovaya, Panyutino, Yekaterinovka thiab ib puag ncig.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog qhov ua tiav tseem ceeb kawg ntawm cov tub rog ntawm South-Western kev coj ua thaum lub Ib Hlis tawm tsam, uas tau sib sau ua ke nyob rau lub Ob Hlis tom ntej kev sib ntaus sib tua. Cov tub rog tub rog tau npaj txhij pov rau Krasnoarmeyskoye, tab sis cov yeeb ncuab tau ua tiav kev sib sau ua ke ntawm pab tub rog ntawm Pab Pawg Sab Qab Teb thaum kawg Lub Ib Hlis thiab pib tawm tsam.
Qhov hloov pauv hauv qhov kev tawm tsam
Lub sijhawm tig rov los ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv Sab Hnub Poob Donbass tau los txog. Hauv kev saib ntawm kev tawm tsam tawv ncauj ntawm cov yeeb ncuab hauv thaj tsam Slavyansk thiab Artemovsk, tus thawj coj ntawm Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Tuaj, Malinovsky, txiav txim siab ua kom zoo dua ua ntej mus rau sab hnub poob ntawm 57th Army thiab mus rau tom qab ntawm kev tawv ncauj. tiv thaiv Slav pab pawg ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Txoj haujlwm no yuav tsum tau daws los ntawm kev tawm tsam hauv kev sib tham ntawm 1st, 5th cavalry corps thiab pab tub rog thib 9, hla dhau Slavyansk sab hnub poob, thiab 37th pab tub rog sab hnub tuaj.
Kev hloov pauv ntawm kev siv zog ntawm pab tub rog ntawm Sab Qab Teb Hnub Poob thiab Sab Qab Teb mus rau sab, mus rau Balaklea thiab Slavyansk, coj mus rau qhov tseeb tias kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thaum kawg Lub Ib Hlis 1942 tau tso tseg lawm. Nrog rau qhov pib ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thiab vim yog cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam hnyav, kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog Soviet thaum Lub Ib Hlis 31 tau nres.
German "Kollerman tawm tsam pab pawg" tswj kom rov Petropavlovka thiab rov qab txav chaw raws txoj kev sib txuas lus tseem ceeb ntawm pab tub rog German hauv Donbass. Raws li txoj cai, hnub no tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog qhov kawg ntawm theem kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Tom qab ntawd, kev sib ntaus sib tua tau txav mus rau theem ib puag ncig. Kev sim txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ze Slavyansk thiab Balakliya txuas ntxiv mus yuav luag ib hlis, txog rau thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1942 xaus.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Grechko's Cavalry Corps thiab 57th Army tau ua haujlwm sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv "Mackensen Group" nce mus rau sab qaum teb ntawm Krasnoarmeyskoye. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog German nyob rau theem no yog kev tsim kom muaj kev ruaj khov nyob ib puag ncig ntawm Barvenkovsky ledge tsim los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm ob lub tebchaws Soviet.
Thawj hnub ntawm Lub Ob Hlis raged nrog cua daj cua dub, uas yuam cov tub rog ntawm Pab Pawg Pab Pawg Sab Qab Teb thiab ob lub tebchaws Soviet kom tso tseg kev tawm tsam loj rau ntawm ib leeg txoj haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab huab cua zoo tuaj, pib thaum Lub Ob Hlis 7, cov neeg tawm tsam tau pib ua haujlwm tsis zoo hauv cov lus qhia tseem ceeb rau txhua sab. Von Mackensen pawg tau maj mam thim rov qab cov tub rog ntawm 57th Army los ntawm kev sib txuas lus tseem ceeb ntawm pab tub rog hauv Donbass.
Thaum Lub Peb Hlis, qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm ob tog sab sab nws tus kheej. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 24, cov daus pib yaj thiab lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav yaj tuaj rau ntawm xub ntiag. Lub Peb Hlis thiab Plaub Hlis tau dhau los ua lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ncua, thaum Wehrmacht thiab Red Army tau rov zoo los ntawm kev tawm tsam lub caij ntuj no thiab tau mob siab rau npaj rau lub caij ntuj sov tawm tsam.
Cov txiaj ntsig kev ua haujlwm
Lub luag haujlwm tau hais los ntawm Tus Thawj Coj Loj Lub Hauv Paus rau cov tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Sab Qab Teb thiab Sab Qab Teb kom mus txog Dnieper, cuam tshuam kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov yeeb ncuab Donbass pawg thiab tso Kharkov raws li Barvenkovsko-Lozovskaya kev ua haujlwm tsis tau ua tiav. Kev ua tsis tiav ntawm kev ua haujlwm feem ntau yog los ntawm kev txhim kho qeeb ntawm qhov kev ua tiav thiab kev siv sijhawm tsis tu ncua ntawm kev ntsuas los nthuav nws mus rau ntawm cov flanks.
Tus yeeb ncuab, tuav cov ntsiab lus muaj zog ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm kev kov yeej, nrog nws cov kev tawm tsam tau tsim kev hem thawj rau sab nraub qaum thiab tom qab ntawm kev tawm tsam rog ntawm Sab Qab Teb Hnub Poob thiab Sab Qab Teb. Hauv qhov no, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tso tseg kev siv tub rog thib 9 rau kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm kom tob thiab xa nws mus rau kev tshem tawm cov yeeb ncuab pab pawg hauv thaj tsam Slavyansk thiab Artemovsk.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tawm tsam sab hnub poob sab hnub poob thaum Lub Ib Hlis-Lub Ob Hlis 1942, Barvenkovsky ledge tau tsim, uas tuaj yeem dhau los ua ob lub hauv paus rau qhov kev tawm tsam loj tshiab, thiab ntxiab rau cov tub rog uas nyob nws. Qhov xwm txheej tau ua phem zuj zus los ntawm kev faib cov nqaim nqaim ntawm ob txoj hauv kev. Sab qaum teb ntawm Barvenkovo ledge tau nyob hauv txoj cai ntawm Sab Qab Teb-Sab Hnub Poob, thiab sab qab teb yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob.
Cov lus hais hauv German tsis muaj cov peev txheej loj nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm lub hauv ntej, thiab kev tawm tsam Soviet tau tawm tsam feem ntau los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke hauv Pab Pawg Pab Pawg Sab Qab Teb nrog kev tshem tawm ib txwm ntawm pab pawg tawm tsam hauv Rostov cov lus qhia hauv cov xwm txheej no.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb - kom nyob puag ncig thiab rhuav tshem pawg neeg German coob - tsis tau ua tiav los ntawm cov tub rog Soviet. Lawv kuj ua tsis tau raws li kev tso Kharkov. Hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua tau zoo tshaj ntawm cov yeeb ncuab rog, cov tub rog Soviet tsis tau txiav txim siab txaus, tsis tau ntsuas sijhawm kom nthuav qhov kev kov yeej ntawm nws lub hauv ntej. Qhov no tau tso cai rau cov neeg German rub tawm kev txhawb zog. Txawm li cas los xij, ua tsaug rau txoj haujlwm no, German cov lus txib tsis tuaj yeem hloov cov tub rog los ntawm no mus rau Moscow, qhov chaw Soviet pab tub rog ua tiav kev tawm tsam.
Los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1942, Soviet cov tub rog nyob hauv Barvenkovsky loj heev, 90 kilometers tob thiab 110 km dav, ntawm sab xis ntawm Seversky Donets River. Cov kab no dai ntawm sab qaum teb hla tus yeeb ncuab Donbass pab pawg (pab pawg pab pawg "Kleist"), thiab sab qab teb npog nws pawg Kharkov (thib 6 German Paulus pab tub rog). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tub rog German, tuav thaj tsam ntawm Balakliya thiab Slavyansk, muaj txoj haujlwm zoo rau xa kev tawm tsam tawm tsam hauv qab ntawm Barvenkovsky ledge. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, 38th thiab 6th armies ntawm Sab Hnub Poob, 9th thiab 37th pab tub rog ntawm Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob pom lawv tus kheej ntawm lub taub hau nrog lub hauv paus nqaim.
Ob peb lub hlis tom qab, German cov lus txib tau siv qhov zoo ntawm no, tshem tawm Barvenkovsky ledge thiab ua kom muaj kev vam meej ntawm nws cov tub rog mus rau Stalingrad thiab Caucasus.
