Txij li hnub ntawm Antiquity thiab Nrab Hnub nyoog, tib neeg tau dhau los ua tus tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej nrog cov chaw tiv thaiv. Zoo, cov uas tuaj tawm tsam tau sim siv cov chaw tiv thaiv no, thiab tsis tso lawv nyob tom qab, txawm tias lawv qhov kev tawm tsam tau txhim kho tiav. Muaj ib txwm yog cov uas tau tawm tsam rau cov ntsiab lus muaj zog thiab cov uas tau txiav txim siab lawv yog qhov tshwm sim tsis dhau ntawm yav dhau los. Zoo, thiab Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb hauv qhov no tau tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhia. Nyob rau hauv nws, lawv tau nqa tawm kev ncig puag ncig dav dav, thiab rau lub hlis ib puag ncig thiab cua daj cua dub lub fortress muaj zog. Txawm li cas los xij, zaj dab neeg ntawm lub forts yuav tsum pib nrog zaj dab neeg hais txog tib neeg, lossis theej txog ib tus neeg uas yuav luag yeej Fab Kis thaum pib ua tsov rog no!
Alfred von Schlieffen yug hauv Berlin xyoo 1833. Nws tau kawm tiav ntawm Berlin Military Academy hauv xyoo 1861 thiab tau ua haujlwm ua haujlwm thaum lub sijhawm Austro-Prussian War. Xyoo 1891 nws ua tiav Helmut von Moltke ua tus thawj ntawm German Tus Thawj Coj Loj. Thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, German tus thawj coj tau ntshai tsam Fabkis rov sawv los, xav kom rov tau thaj av uas tau ploj hauv Franco-Prussian War xyoo 1870, thiab Russia yuav koom ua ke los tua lub tebchaws Yelemes. Nws qhov kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb yog tsim phiaj xwm uas yuav tso cai rau nws tawm tsam Russia nyob rau sab hnub tuaj thiab tawm tsam Fabkis nyob rau sab hnub poob tib lub sijhawm. Plaub xyoos tom qab, nws tau tsim txoj phiaj xwm hu ua Schlieffen Plan.
Nov yog lub tswv yim ntawm kev npaj ua ntej ntawm Belgium thiab Netherlands, ua raws li kev txav mus rau sab qab teb kom txiav tawm Paris los ntawm hiav txwv (Kuv nco qab 1940, ib yam nkaus, tsis yog?). Txoj phiaj xwm no tsis tau ua tiav hauv 1905, tab sis kev txawj ntse ntawm Askiv tau paub txog nws. Cov ntawv ceeb toom tsis pub lwm tus paub tau xa mus rau Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, ua kom pom tseeb rau tsoomfwv German tias kev tawm tsam ntawm nruab nrab Belgium yuav ua rau tshaj tawm kev ua tsov rog los ntawm Great Britain. Tom qab ntawd Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tseem tsis tau muaj zog txaus los tawm tsam nrog Great Britain, Fabkis thiab Russia thiab "Schlieffen Plan" tau khov. Xyoo 1906, Alfred von Schlieffen tau tawm haujlwm thiab tuag xyoo 1913.
Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab ntawv cov phiaj xwm no tau kho dua thiab tau txais los ua lub hauv paus. Xyoo 1914, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees twb npaj txhij lawm (yog li ntawd nws lub zog ua tub rog loj tuaj sai npaum li cas!) Tawm tsam Fab Kis. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm txoj kev mus rau peev ntawm Fab Kis, muaj ntau qhov kev tiv thaiv. Qhov tsis tuaj yeem, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tawm tsam Liège thiab Namur, thiab tom qab ntawd, tom qab kev swb ntawm lawv lub forts, siv txoj kev Belgian thiab txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau kom txav cov tub rog nyob rau sab qaum teb Fab Kis thiab sab hnub poob ntawm Paris mus ncig cov tub rog Fab Kis ua ntej nws tau npaj txhij.
Txawm li cas los xij, Liege yog lub txiv ntoo tawv kom tawg. Nws tau tiv thaiv los ntawm kaum ob lub forts uas tau teeb tsa raws lub moos ib puag ncig nws. Citadel qub thiab Fort Chartreuse qub tiv thaiv Liège nws tus kheej. Cov fortresses hauv lub nplhaib sab nrauv tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1880, thaum cov phom tua phom loj tshaj plaws muaj lub siab 210 mm. Lub forts tsuas yog siv me me ntawm cov phom loj uas muaj peev xwm xws li 120mm txog 210mm, ua tiav los ntawm tus lej ntawm 57mm rab phom nrawm, thiab cov pob zeb hauv av tau tsim los kom muaj peev xwm tiv taus lub plhaub los ntawm 210mm siege cannons thiab tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv. Tab sis nws tau ntseeg tias, feem ntau, lub fortress tau ua kom zoo, muaj cov tub rog thiab riam phom txaus, thiab tuaj yeem khaws cov neeg German ntawm Liege tau ntev. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm hais tias txhua qhov kev mob siab rau ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm lub fortress, Lieutenant General Gerard Lehman, tau ua los ntawm nws nrog kev pib ua phem, nws kuj tseem muaj qhov ua tsis tau zoo uas tsis tuaj yeem kho ntxiv lawm. Yog li qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub forts, txawm hais tias lawv tau npog los ntawm cov tub rog, tab sis cov nqes hav rau nws tsis tau khawb, thiab txoj haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua sai sai thiab nyob rau lub sijhawm luv heev. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, txoj kab tiv thaiv ntawm pab tub rog Belgian tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov neeg German ntawm no.
Kev sib ntaus sib tua txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv Liege txuas ntxiv txij lub Yim Hli 4 txog Lub Yim Hli 16. Cov tub rog German tau pib tawm tsam rau Liege thaum Lub Yim Hli 4, 1914. Lub sijhawm no, cov riam phom tiv thaiv hnyav tseem tsis tau mus txog pem hauv ntej, tabsis cov phom hauv lub tebchaws twb tau qhib hluav taws rau lawv lawm. Hmo ntuj ntawm Lub Yim Hli 5-6, Cov Neeg German tau tawm tsam hmo ntuj, tab sis cov tub rog hauv tebchaws Belgian tau tawm tsam nws thiab ua rau cov neeg German poob qis. Nyob rau 7th Ludendorff, tom qab ntawd tseem yog tub ceev xwm sib txuas lus, pom pawg tub rog thib 14 yam tsis muaj tus thawj coj thiab tau hais kom ua. Nws pom tias lub nroog Belgian forts tau nyob hauv txoj hauv kev uas lawv tsis tuaj yeem txhawb nqa ib leeg, tom qab ntawd nws cov tub rog nkag mus nruab nrab ntawm Fort Eugene thiab Fort Aileron nrog kev tiv thaiv me ntsis.
Tom qab ntawd, Ludendorff tau tsiv mus rau Liege, uas nyuam qhuav raug foob pob los ntawm German Zeppelins. Citadel thiab Fort Chartreuse tsis raug siv, thiab tom qab lawv cov tub rog German nkag mus rau Liege nws tus kheej. Tab sis tus so ntawm Liege tseem tshuav yuav tsum raug coj mus, txij li lawv tau ua tus tswj hwm thaj chaw raws txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau.
Kev tua cov tub rog ntawm lub nroog Barkhon thaum lub Yim Hli 8 tau rov tawm tsam, tab sis qhov kev tawm tsam thib ob ntawm hnub tim 10 ntawm lub nroog nyob sib ze tau ua tiav. Fort Aileron tseem nyob ruaj khov, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo, raws li lub ru tsev ntawm lub roj teeb tseem ceeb lub tshuab nqa nqa tau cuam tshuam. Cov phom loj German tuaj txog ntawm txoj haujlwm thaum Lub Yim Hli 12 thiab nws yog qhov muaj zog txaus: 420mm Krupp howitzers thiab 305mm Skoda howitzers. Txog 12.30 hnub tim 13 Lub Yim Hli, kev tiv thaiv ntawm Fort Pontiss tau raug tsoo rau hauv pob zeb tawg.
Peb hom projectiles tau siv, thiab lawv txhua tus muaj lub zog loj heev. Yog li, lub foob pob tawg loj, thaum nws tawg, tsim lub qhov taub nrog qhov tob ntawm 4, 25 metres thiab txoj kab uas hla ntawm 10, 5 meters. Cov phom me me tau muab 15 txhiab qhov tawg, uas khaws lawv lub zog ua kom tuag ntawm qhov deb li ob kilometers. Cov cuab yeej siv phom-phom (lossis "cov neeg tua pov tseg" raws li cov neeg German hu lawv) ntais ob-meter lub qab nthab. Muaj tseeb, qhov tseeb ntawm qhov hluav taws kub tau qis. Piv txwv li, thaum Fort Wilheim raug rho tawm ntawm 556 qhov kev txhaj tshuaj, tsuas yog muaj 30 zaug, uas yog, tsuas yog 5.5%. Ib lub Skoda mortar plhaub tau hla ob metres ntawm cov qhob. Lub funnel los ntawm kev tawg muaj 5 - 8 meters txoj kab uas hla, thiab cov tawg los ntawm qhov tawg tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov chaw nyob ruaj khov ntawm qhov deb li ntawm 100 metres, thiab nrog cov khoom tawg ua rau neeg ua haujlwm tsis pub dhau 400 meters.
Hauv ob hnub tom ntej, tib txoj hmoo tau tshwm sim rau ntau lub forts, suav nrog Fort Aileron. Cov neeg German tau hais qhia tias cov neeg tiv thaiv ntawm cov tub rog uas tseem tshuav yuav tsum swb, sib cav tias lawv txoj haujlwm tsis muaj kev cia siab. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg Belgians tsis kam tso tseg. Tom qab ntawd cov neeg Germans pib foob pob thiab rau 2 teev thiab 20 feeb lawv cov phom 420-mm tau tua ntawm lub forts. Cov foob pob zeb tau tsoo cov pob zeb hauv av thiab tawg sab hauv, rhuav tshem txhua yam khoom muaj sia. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, ob qho uas tsis tau ua tiav forts tsuas yog tso tseg.
Tsuas yog ib qho ntawm cov tub rog tua ntau dua 350 tus neeg, uas yog, ntau dua ib nrab ntawm cov tub rog tseem nyob hauv qhov tawg, uas tseem suav tias yog kev faus tub rog. Txog Lub Yim Hli 16, Cov Neeg German tau nqa tag nrho cov forts tshwj tsis yog Lonseng. Tab sis tom qab ntawd, thaum lub sijhawm foob pob rau nws, lub chaw muag khoom mos txwv tau tawg, tom qab ntawd cov neeg German tswj tau tsoo hauv. General Lehman tau pom tias tsis nco qab thiab raug kaw, tab sis vim tsis hwm nws lub siab tawv, lawv tau tso cai khaws lawv saber.
Qhov yooj yim uas lub Belgian forts raug coj los ntawm cov tub rog German nyob rau ntau txoj hauv kev, raws li nws tau muab tawm thaum kawm txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tua phom nyob rau yav tom ntej, yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov qhob tau siv rau lawv yam tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa. Ib qho ntxiv, nws tau nchuav rau hauv txheej, tsis yog monolith, uas tsim ntau cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj zog hauv tag nrho cov qauv ntawm kev ua vaj tse. Qhov ua tsis tau zoo sib xws tau tshwm sim ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm Port Arthur. Yog li, txawm hais tias kev txhawb nqa pob zeb twb tau paub nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, nws nyob ntawm no, ntawm lub forts ntawm Liege, nws yooj yim tsis nyob ntawd, uas tso cai rau German lub plhaub nkag mus txawm tias cov tuab tuab ntawm cov pob zeb ua kom yooj yim.
Txawm li cas los xij, yeej tsis muaj ib txheej nyiaj. Qhov yooj yim uas cov neeg German tau siv cov forts no tau muab lawv qhov kev xav tsis tseeb ntawm qhov yooj yim uas cov niaj hnub no tuaj yeem kov yeej, ua rau muaj kev pom zoo ntau dua ntawm tus nqi thiab muaj feem yuav ua tiav ntawm Verdun kev tawm tsam xyoo 1916. Yog lawm, Cov neeg German xav tias yuav coj Belgium sai dua li lawv tau ua thiab ncua, tsis hais ntev npaum li cas, tseem tseem muab sijhawm rau tsoomfwv Fab Kis los sau thiab siv nws pab tub rog.
