MT-12 100-mm rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank (ind. GRAU-2A29, hauv qee qhov chaw hu ua "Rapier") yog rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank tsim los thaum xyoo 1960 nyob rau USSR. Cov khoom tsim tawm tau pib xyoo 1970s. Qhov phom tiv thaiv lub tank no yog kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm T-12 (ind. GRAU-2A19). Kev hloov kho niaj hnub suav nrog tso phom rau lub tsheb tshiab.
Phom tiv thaiv lub tank yog hom phom loj tsim los rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv cov tsheb. Raws li txoj cai, qhov no yog rab phom ntev ntev nrog qhov tseem ceeb pib ua haujlwm nrawm. Feem ntau, kev tua los ntawm cov riam phom no yog hluav taws ncaj qha. Thaum tsim cov riam phom tiv thaiv lub tank, kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb tau them rau kom txo nws qhov loj thiab qhov hnyav. Qhov no yuav tsum ua kom yooj yim rau camouflage rab phom rau hauv av thiab thauj nws.
Kab lus no yuav tham txog rab phom tiv thaiv MT-12, uas nkag mus rau kev pabcuam thaum ntxov xyoo 1970s.
Kev txhim kho cov phom tiv thaiv lub tank raws li hom phom loj tau tshwm sim thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1930s. Lub zog tseem ceeb rau kev tsim kho kom ruaj khov ntawm riam phom no yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov tsheb tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv tshav rog. Thaum pib Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv lub tank loj yog rab phom 45-millimeter, tseem hu ua "plaub caug-tsib". Thaum pib theem ntawm kev ua tsov rog, nws ua tiav kev sib ntaus sib tua tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm Wehrmacht. Lub sijhawm dhau los, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm German tso tsheb hlau luam tau nce, thiab qhov no xav tau rab phom tiv thaiv lub zog muaj zog dua. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev nce lawv qhov muaj peev xwm. Qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho riam phom tiv thaiv lub tank yog qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv thiab projectile.
Tom qab kev ua tsov rog xaus, kev txhim kho phom tiv thaiv lub tank tsis tau nres. Artillery designers muab ntau txoj kev xaiv. Lawv tau sim nrog ob chav phom loj thiab nqa phom. Piv txwv li, lub cav maus taus tau teeb tsa ntawm lub tsheb loj ntawm D-44. Yog li, qhov ceev ntawm tus kheej-propulsion ntawm rab phom ntawm 25 kilometers ib teev twg tau ua kom ntseeg tau. Hais txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm phom tiv thaiv lub tank, los ntawm nruab nrab xyoo 1950 nws mus txog 85 mm.
Hauv nruab nrab-1960s, kev tsim cov phom loj phom qeeb qeeb me ntsis. Yog vim li cas qhov no yog kev txhim kho nrawm ntawm riam phom foob pob. Cov tub rog tau tso tseg tsis tau txais riam phom tshiab, thaum cov cuaj luaj tau nthuav dav dua. Piv txwv li, ATGM cov tshuab (tiv thaiv lub tank ua lub foob pob hluav taws) tau koom nrog pab tub rog Soviet.
Nws tsis paub tias keeb kwm ntawm kev txhim kho phom tiv thaiv lub tank yuav tig li cas yog tias cov kws tsim khoom tsis tau siv ib qho txuj ci tshiab los tsim cov phom. Txog rau qee lub sijhawm, cov phom ntawm cov phom tiv thaiv lub tank tau phom sij. Cov grooves muab kev sib hloov rau qhov projectile, yog li ua kom ntseeg tau nws lub davhlau ruaj khov. Xyoo 1961, T-12 rab phom tau txais yuav. Cov phom ntawm rab phom no tsis muaj phom - nws yog rab phom mos txwv. Kev ruaj ntseg ntawm qhov projectile yog ua tiav los ntawm cov stabilizers uas qhib hauv davhlau. Qhov kev hloov pauv tshiab no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nce lub peev xwm mus rau 100 mm. Qhov muzzle tshaj tawm kuj tau nce ntxiv. Ib qho ntxiv, qhov projectile tsis tig yog qhov tsim nyog rau tus nqi zoo li. Yav tom ntej, cov phom mos mos tau pib siv los tua tsis yog lub plhaub nkaus xwb tab sis kuj tau ua cov cuaj luaj.
T-12 lub phiaj xwm phom loj tau tsim los ntawm lub chaw tsim khoom ntawm Yurginskiy lub tshuab tsim tsev. Txoj haujlwm tau saib xyuas los ntawm V. Ya Afanasyev. thiab Korneev L. V. Txog rab phom tshiab, siv ob tog thauj khoom thiab ib lub thoob los ntawm 85-mm rifled anti-tank gun D-48 tau siv. Lub thoob ntawm T-12 txawv ntawm D-48 tsuas yog hauv 100-mm du-walled monoblock raj thiab lub qhov ncauj nres. Channel T-12 suav nrog chav nyob thiab ib txheej du-phab ntsa cylindrical qhia. Lub chamber tau tsim los ntawm ob qhov ntev thiab ib lub khob hliav qab luv.
Nyob rau xyoo 1960s, lub tsheb thauj khoom tau txhim kho rau cov phom loj. Ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsheb thauj neeg tshiab tau pib nrog kev hloov mus rau lub tsheb laij teb tshiab nrog kev kub ceev. Cov phom uas tau hloov kho tshiab tau xaiv MT-12. Kev tsim ntau ntawm cov phom tiv thaiv lub tank pib xyoo 1970. Cov mos txwv suav nrog lub peev xwm mos txwv ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ntaus tau cov tso tsheb hlau luam niaj hnub nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd-Asmeskas M-60, German Leopard-1.
Cov phom tiv thaiv lub tank MT-12 kuj tseem hu ua Rapier. Cov phom nqa phom muaj lub torsion bar ncua kev kaw uas xauv kom ruaj ntseg thaum tua. Thaum lub sijhawm hloov kho tshiab, qhov ntev ntawm kev tshem tawm txoj hlab ntsha tawg tau nce, uas nws yog qhov tsim nyog los qhia cov hydraulic nres rau thawj zaug hauv rab phom loj. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum lub sijhawm hloov kho tshiab, lawv tau rov qab los rau lub caij nplooj ntoo caij nplooj ntoo hlav, txij li lub tshuab ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov sib txawv ntawm ntau lub kaum sab xis xav tau kev hloov pauv tas li ntawm tus them nyiaj. Cov log tau qiv los ntawm lub tsheb ZIL-150.
Cov nplaim du (ntev 61 caliber) tau ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub raj monoblock sib sau ua ke nrog lub qhov ncauj nres, clip thiab lub plab.
Lub tsheb laij teb yog MT-L (lub teeb xa khoom siv ntau lub hom phiaj) lossis MT-LB (cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm lub tshuab thauj khoom). Tus neeg thauj khoom no tau nthuav dav heev hauv pab tub rog Soviet. Los ntawm nws lub hauv paus, tau tsim cov phom loj thiab cov cuaj luaj. Cov kab ntsig kab muab cov khoom siv thauj khoom nrog lub peev xwm hla tebchaws zoo heev. Lub tsheb laij teb muaj peev xwm rub phom MT-12 tiv thaiv lub tank ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 60 km / h. Lub zog cia ntawm tus neeg nqa khoom no yog 500 km. Kev suav ntawm kev siv thaum thauj mus los tau muab tso rau hauv lub tshuab. Thaum lub Peb Hlis, rab phom tau npog nrog cov ntaub npog uas tiv thaiv rab phom los ntawm hmoov av, av, daus thiab los nag.
Lub sijhawm hloov pauv phom tiv thaiv lub tank los ntawm txoj haujlwm taug kev mus rau txoj haujlwm sib ntaus tsis pub dhau 1 feeb. Thaum tuaj txog ntawm txoj haujlwm, cov tub rog tua phom tshem cov npog thiab qhib lub txaj. Thaum cov txaj tau sib cais, cov cuab yeej muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntau dua. Tom qab ntawd, daim ntaub thaiv tiv thaiv kab mob qis dua. Cov ntaub thaiv npog npog tiv thaiv cov neeg coob thiab cov tswv yim los ntawm kev raug tsoo los ntawm shrapnel thiab mos txwv. Kev suav qhib qhib lub qhov rais hauv daim ntaub thaiv thiab nce cov cuab yeej pom kev.
Thaum tua hluav taws ncaj qha hauv huab cua tshav ntuj lossis thaum tua tawm tsam lub hnub, qhov pom OP4M-40U kuj tseem nruab nrog lub teeb tshwj xeeb lim. APN-6-40 hmo pom, uas rab phom tuaj yeem nruab nrog, ua rau muaj kev sib ntaus zoo ntawm rab phom. Rau kev tua nyob rau hauv huab cua tsis zoo, tau hloov kho cov riam phom nrog lub radar pom.
Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm phom tiv thaiv lub tank suav nrog: tus thawj coj saib xyuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg coob; rab phom siv flywheels rau kev taw qhia; them nqi.
Kev txhaj tshuaj yog raug rho tawm los ntawm kev nias lub ntsuas lossis siv lub cable (nyob deb). Tus ntsia liaj qhov rooj ntawm cov cuab yeej yog hom-hom, ib nrab-automatic. Thaum npaj rau kev txhaj tshuaj, tus neeg nqa khoom tsuas yog xav tau xa lub foob pob mus rau hauv chav. Ua ntej qhov kev txhaj tshuaj thawj zaug, lub qhov rooj qhib rau tus kheej. Tom qab txhaj tshuaj, cov ntaub ntawv hauv daim cartridge yuav raug rho tawm.
Txhawm rau txo lub zog rov qab los, lub thoob ntawm rab phom tau nruab nrog lub qhov ncauj nres. Vim tias nws zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, lub qhov ncauj nres tau txais lub npe menyuam yaus "ntsev shaker". Thaum lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj, lub nplaim taws tau tawg tawm ntawm lub qhov ncauj nres.
MT-12 rab phom mos txwv muaj ntau hom mos txwv. Cov phom loj uas siv riam phom siv los rhuav tshem cov tso tsheb hlau luam, rab phom rau tus kheej thiab lwm lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv. Kev tua hluav taws ncaj qha - 1880 m. Kev txhaj tshuaj nrog qhov sib faib ua ntu zus, raws li txoj cai, yog siv rau kev tua hluav taws ncaj qha ntawm cov hom phiaj nrog kev tiv thaiv zoo tiv thaiv armor. Lub zog ua haujlwm, cov ntsiab lus tua hluav taws, cov qauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm hom kev tsim vaj tsev raug rhuav tshem nrog kev pab los ntawm cov foob pob tawg loj. Thaum tshwj xeeb cov cuab yeej phiaj xwm tau teeb tsa ntawm rab phom, tuaj yeem siv rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank. Lub foob pob hluav taws yog tswj los ntawm lub laser nqaj. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev tua yog 4000 m. Lub casings yog rov siv tau. Tom qab txhaj tshuaj lawm, lawv muab tso rau hauv cov thawv tshwj xeeb thiab xa mus kho.
Cov phom tiv thaiv lub tank MT-12 muaj peev xwm tua tsis tau tsuas yog hluav taws ncaj qha, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov haujlwm kaw. Txog qhov no, rab phom tau nruab nrog S71-40 pom nrog PG-1M qhov pom kev.
Cov phom tiv thaiv lub tank MT-12 tau siv rau ntau dua 40 xyoo.
Tactical thiab technical yam ntxwv:
Caliber - 100 hli.
Qhov nrawm ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm qhov sub-caliber projectile yog 1575 m / s.
Qhov hnyav - 3100 kg.
Kev taw qhia ntsug yog los ntawm -6 txog +20 degrees.
Kab rov tav qhia lub kaum sab xis yog 54 degrees.
Tus nqi hluav taws - 6 ncig ib feeb.
Qhov kev tua loj tshaj plaws yog 8200 m.
Npaj raws cov ntaub ntawv:
gods-of-war.pp.ua
militaryrussia.ru
www.russiapost.su
zw-observer.narod.ru
