Xyoo 2019, tus kws tsim riam phom Lavxias zoo Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov tig tau 100 xyoo. Tus tsim qauv no tau ploj mus hauv keeb kwm mus ib txhis ua tsaug rau nws lub tshuab rab phom, uas paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb niaj hnub no thiab yog ib lub cim ntawm kev siv riam phom tsis siv neeg niaj hnub no. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yuav ua rau tsis ntseeg tias tus tsim qauv paub zoo ua haujlwm ntawm tsuas yog ib lub tshuab thiab nws cov khoom siv. Nyob rau lub sijhawm sib txawv, tus tsim qauv tsim ob rab phom submachine thiab phom sniper. Ib qho ntawm nws qhov kev paub me me rau pej xeem yog rab phom tsis siv neeg, uas tau koom nrog hauv kev sib tw tib lub sijhawm zoo li rab yaj phom Stechkin, uas thaum kawg tau txais los ntawm Soviet Army.
Niaj hnub no, lub tswv yim zoo ntawm kev siv rab phom tsis siv neeg uas tuaj yeem tua hluav taws tau tawg yog pom los ntawm ntau tus kws tshaj lij ua tsis raug. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, ua ntej thiab tom qab Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas rau qhov kev txhim kho, tshwj xeeb yog txawv teb chaws. Feem ntau, cov kws tsim qauv txawv teb chaws tau ua haujlwm ntawm rab phom tsis siv neeg thiab rab phom xa mus rau qhov sib thooj 9x19 hli Parabellum. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hauv tebchaws Soviet, cov ncauj lus no tau hla mus ntev, txawm hais tias qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tso riam phom ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam, ntau lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv cov tub rog thiab cov khoom siv phom loj nrog lub caj npab me me tsis tuaj yeem daws tau. phom ntev, uas tau tsim los ntawm lub zog loj dua nruab nrab, vim nws tsis tuaj yeem yog nws tseem raug daws ntawm tus nqi ntawm Makarov rab yaj phom. Cov phom tshuab tsis haum rau cov tub rog raws li lawv qhov ntev, thiab PM feem ntau tau lees paub tias yog riam phom tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv tshav rog.
Twb dhau qhov kawg ntawm xyoo 1945, Cov Thawj Coj Loj ntawm Cov Tub Rog Liab tau npaj cov tswv yim thiab cov txuj ci rau rab phom tshiab thiab rab phom tshiab rau lawv. Kev npaj cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo rau cov khoom lag luam tshiab tau mus nrog qhov dav dav ntawm qhov kev paub dhau los uas tau sau tseg thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Yog li rab yaj phom tshiab ntawm 9 mm caliber nrog 18 mm lub tes tsho ntev tau tsim los ntawm B. V. Semin hauv OKB-44 (niaj hnub no TsNIITOCHMASH nto moo) raws nraim li cov lus qhia ntawm GAU. Thawj pawg ntawm daim cartridges tau hloov pauv rau kev sim xyoo 1947. Yog tias peb tham txog rab yaj phom, pab tub rog yuav tsum tau txais ob tus qauv ntawm cov riam phom luv luv uas sib txawv ntawm ib leeg. Thawj rab phom yuav tsum muaj me me (tsis ntau tshaj 700 grams) thiab qhov ntev, nws yuav tsum dhau los ua riam phom tiv thaiv tus kheej rau cov tub ceev xwm ntawm Soviet Army. Qhov rab phom thib ob tau npaj los ua "riam phom tiv thaiv tus kheej" rau cov tub ceev xwm uas xav tias yuav tsum nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm kev sib cuag nrog tus yeeb ncuab ncaj qha thiab tuaj yeem tua hluav taws nrog cov yeeb ncuab mos txwv.
Kalashnikov rab yaj phom tsis siv neeg 1950
Niaj hnub no peb paub tias rab phom me me, uas tau txais los ntawm Soviet Army hauv xyoo 1951, tau dhau los ua lub npe nrov tam sim no Makarov rab yaj phom (PM), tab sis rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm "rab phom loj tsis siv neeg", uas nkag mus rau kev pabcuam tsis yog rau Soviet xwb cov tub ceev xwm, tab sis kuj rau cov tub rog siv cuab yeej siv tub rog thiab cov tub rog siv phom - Stechkin rab phom tsis siv neeg, tsis muaj npe nrov niaj hnub no APS, tau dhau los ua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov tseeb tias cov neeg sib tw ntawm Stechkin rab yaj phom, thaum lub sijhawm nws tau txais los ua haujlwm, yog lwm tus qauv ntawm rab phom tsis siv neeg chambered rau tib lub 9x18 mm cartridge, uas yog cov qauv npaj los ntawm Kalashnikov thiab Voevodin, tseem nyob hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo.
Kalashnikov rab yaj phom tsis siv neeg, qauv 1950, siv lub tshuab tsis zoo rov qab. Lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav rov qab los nyob ib puag ncig lub thoob phom ntawm rab phom, qhov ua rau lub tshuab tua hluav taws ntawm tus qauv tsis yog tus kheej-tsoo, kev nyab xeeb-txhais lus ntawm hom hluav taws nyob ntawm sab laug tso cai rau rab phom tuaj yeem tua nrog ob qho tib si. thiab tawg. Cov ntawv xov xwm txheem yuav tsum tuav 18 daim cartridges ntawm 9x18 mm caliber. Qhov tshwj xeeb zawj tau nyob rau sab nraum qab ntawm tus kov, uas tau npaj rau txhawm rau txuas cov ntoo ntoo-pob tw. Qhov hnyav ntawm rab yaj phom yam tsis muaj rab yaj phom yog 1.25 kg, nrog lub hnab ntim riam phom hnyav li 1.7 kg.
Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntsuas, tus qauv raug kho dua tshiab ntau zaus. Txog xyoo 1951, rab yaj phom tsis siv neeg Kalashnikov tau txais cov ntawv xov xwm tshiab tsim los rau 20 puag ncig, nrog rau pom qhov tshiab thiab hloov chaw ntawm tus neeg txhais lus fuse. Txawm hais tias cov kev hloov pauv no hauv kev sib tw sib tw, tus qauv poob rau rab yaj phom npaj rau kev sib tw los ntawm Stechkin. Vim li no, Kalashnikov rab yaj phom tsis siv neeg ntawm xyoo 1950 tau nyob mus ib txhis hauv keeb kwm tsuas yog hauv ob peb lub qauv tsim.
Cov cartridges 9x18 PM
Nws yog qhov nyuaj heev rau Kalashnikov rab phom los sib tw nrog APS, tej zaum tus qauv no tseem tsis tau mus txog theem ntawm kev sim ua haujlwm. Qhov laj thawj yog tias thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov rab yaj phom, ntsuas thiab siv lub rab yaj phom tsis siv neeg Stechkin, Mikhail Timofeevich tsis khoom ua haujlwm ntawm nws lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb - tshuab rab phom thiab tshuab rab phom, tsom mus rau kev txhim kho, ua ntej tshaj plaws, ntev-barreled qauv ntawm phom. Hauv cheeb tsam no, Kalashnikov tswj kom ua tiav qhov kev paub zoo thiab ua tiav tseem ceeb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Kalashnikov rab yaj phom tsis siv neeg, tau nthuav tawm hauv ntau qhov qauv, tau muaj keeb kwm tas mus li. Ib qho ntawm cov phom me tam sim no nyob hauv St.
Tankers, gunners, pilots tau txais ib rab yaj phom Stechkin. APS, uas tseem tau nruab nrog lub thawv ntoo hauv qab, tuaj yeem tua hluav taws ib zaug thiab tawg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev ua tub rog ntawm rab phom tau qhia tawm ntau qhov tsis txaus, uas suav nrog qhov loj ntawm rab phom, qhov tsis yooj yim ntawm kev hnav lub pob tw loj loj, thiab qhov ua tsis tau ntawm kev ua hluav taws tsis siv neeg. Kev tuav ntawm Stechkin rab yaj phom tsis siv neeg nrog lub kaum me me ntawm kev xav tau yuav tsum tau siv qee lub sijhawm los ntawm cov tub rog thiab cov tub ceev xwm kom tau siv thiab tsis haum rau "kev xav" tua ua ntej. Cov tub rog tau txiav txim siab tias riam phom no loj heev thiab tsis yooj yim rau niaj hnub hnav, tshwj xeeb yog thaum muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb. Cherry ntawm lub ncuav yog tias, ua ke nrog APS, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau nqa 4 cov khoom siv tas nrho cov ntawv xov xwm (20 ncig hauv txhua) hauv hnab, uas ua rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hnyav ntxiv.
Twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1958, APS tau txiav tawm, thiab thaum ntxov 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, feem ntau ntawm cov phom me no tau txav mus rau chaw khaws khoom, txawm hais tias ua haujlwm nrog qee pawg ntawm cov tub rog ua haujlwm, tshwj xeeb yog cov phom tshuab (Kalashnikov tshuab rab phom) thiab cov foob pob tawg (RPG-7), rab phom no tseem siv tau txog thaum ntxov xyoo 1980s. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsis hais leej twg rab yaj phom: Kalashnikov lossis Stechkin tau saws, lawv muaj lwm qhov tsis zoo ib yam, piv txwv li, daim cartridge tau xaiv. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub pob zeb loj ntawm 9x18 mm tsis tuaj yeem muab lub dav hlau pib dav hlau nrawm, thiab yog li ntawd txoj kev tiaj tus zoo. Ib qho ntxiv, lub foob pob 9-hli tsis muaj txiaj ntsig nkag mus tau zoo, thiab tawm tsam lub hom phiaj siv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej, piv txwv li, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv lub cev, xws li daim cartridge tsis muaj txiaj ntsig hauv txoj cai. Ntawm lwm yam, tau muaj kev phom sij txaus ntshai ntawm ricochets hauv chav.
Kalashnikov rab yaj phom tsis siv neeg 1950
Nws tsis yog qhov xwm txheej uas thaum nruab nrab xyoo 1970s "Kev sib tw niaj hnub" tau pib ua haujlwm hauv Soviet Union, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb uas yog kev tsim thiab siv tsis yog rab phom tshiab tshiab, tab sis cov phom me me uas siv rau hauv tus qauv 5. 45 x 39 hli Cov riam phom uas hloov pauv rab phom APS hauv pab tub rog Soviet tau hu ua AKS-74U thiab tau tsim los ntawm Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov. Cov qauv no yog qhov luv ntawm AKS-74 phom ntev. Yog li cov kauv ntawm keeb kwm ua lwm lub voj voog.
Xyoo 1950 Kalashnikov rab phom tsis siv neeg, txhua daim duab: kalashnikov.media
