75 xyoo dhau los, thaum Lub Ib Hlis 12, 1943, Cov tub rog Soviet tau pib ua haujlwm tiv thaiv ze Leningrad (Ua Haujlwm Iskra). Tom qab kev npaj cov phom loj uas muaj zog, pab pawg poob siab ntawm Leningrad thiab Volkhov ua ntej, 67th thiab 2nd poob siab pab tub rog, tau tawm tsam.
General xwm txheej nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia Leningrad
Thaum pib xyoo 1943, qhov xwm txheej hauv Leningrad puag ncig los ntawm pab tub rog German tseem nyuaj heev. Cov tub rog ntawm Leningrad Pem Hauv Ntej thiab Baltic Fleet tau raug cais los ntawm lwm cov tub rog ntawm pab tub rog liab. Kev sim tso kev thaiv ntawm Leningrad hauv xyoo 1942 - Lyuban thiab Sinyavinsk kev ua phem - tsis ua tiav. Txoj kev luv tshaj plaws ntawm Leningrad thiab Volkhov sab xub ntiag-nruab nrab ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv sab qab teb ntawm Lake Ladoga thiab lub zos Mga (lub npe hu ua Shlisselburg-Sinyavinsky ledge, 12-16 km), tseem nyob hauv pawg tub rog German thib 18.
Hauv txoj kev thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm lub peev thib ob ntawm Union, cov foob pob thiab foob pob txuas ntxiv mus, tib neeg tuag, cov tsev tau tawg. Lub nroog tau raug teeb meem tsis tu ncua ntawm kev tua huab cua thiab rab phom loj. Txog thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis - Kaum Ob Hlis 1942, lub nroog tau muaj neeg coob heev. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tuag coob, kev tshem tawm thiab kev sau ntxiv rau pab tub rog, cov pej xeem ntawm Leningrad tau poob los ntawm 2 lab hauv ib xyoos thiab muaj txog 650 txhiab tus tib neeg. Feem coob ntawm cov pejxeem tseem tshuav tau ua haujlwm ntau yam. Qhov tsis muaj kev sib txuas lus hauv av nrog thaj chaw nyob hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm cov tub rog Soviet ua rau muaj teeb meem loj hauv kev muab roj av, cov khoom siv raw rau cov chaw tsim khoom, tsis tso cai ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov tub rog thiab cov pej xeem pej xeem rau zaub mov thiab cov khoom siv yooj yim.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov xwm txheej ntawm Leningraders nyob rau lub caij ntuj no xyoo 1942-1943. nws tseem zoo dua li lub caij ntuj no dhau los. Qee tus Leningraders txawm tias tau txais cov zaub mov nce ntxiv hauv kev sib piv nrog txhua qib-Union. Kev siv hluav taws xob los ntawm Volkhovskaya HPP tau muab rau hauv nroog los ntawm txoj hlua txuas hauv qab dej thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg, thiab roj los ntawm cov raj xa dej hauv qab. Lub nroog tau muab khoom noj thiab khoom tsim nyog rau ntawm cov dej khov ntawm lub pas dej - "Txoj Kev ntawm Lub Neej" uas rov pib ua haujlwm thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis. Ib qho ntxiv, ntxiv rau txoj kev, txoj kab tsheb ciav hlau 35-mais tau tsim txoj cai ntawm cov dej khov ntawm Lake Ladoga. Nruab hnub thiab hmo ntuj, ntau-meter pawg tau tsav tsis tu ncua, uas tau teeb tsa txhua txhua ob metres.
Cov tub rog ntawm Volkhov Pem Hauv Ntej ntawm kev tawm tsam thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm kev thaiv ntawm Leningrad
Kev quab yuam ntawm ob tog
Lub USSR. Kev ua haujlwm koom nrog pab tub rog ntawm Leningrad thiab Volkhov, ib feem ntawm lub zog ntawm Baltic Fleet thiab dav dav dav dav. Txog thaum kawg xyoo 1942, Leningrad Pem Hauv Ntej tau hais kom ua los ntawm Leonid Govorov suav nrog: 67th Army - commander Lieutenant General Mikhail Dukhanov, 55th Army - Lieutenant General Vladimir Sviridov, 23rd Army - Major General Alexander Cherepanov, 42- I Army - Lieutenant General Ivan Nikolaev, Primorskaya Task Force thiab 13th Air Army - Aviation Colonel General Stepan Rybalchenko.
Lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm LF - 42, 55th thiab 67th pab tub rog, tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej ntawm Uritsk, Pushkin kab, sab qab teb ntawm Kolpino, Porogi, sab xis ntawm Neva mus rau Lake Ladoga. Cov tub rog 67 tau ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv 30 km kab raws txoj cai ntawm ntug dej Neva los ntawm Poroga mus rau Lake Ladoga, muaj tus choj me me nyob rau sab laug ntawm tus dej, hauv cheeb tsam Moscow Dubrovka. Pawg tub rog 55th ntawm pab tub rog no tau tiv thaiv los ntawm sab qab teb txoj kev uas hla nrog dej khov ntawm Lake Ladoga. Cov tub rog 23 tau tiv thaiv sab qaum teb mus rau Leningrad, nyob ntawm Karelian Isthmus. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias qhov xwm txheej ntawm ntu no ntawm lub hauv ntej tau ruaj khov rau lub sijhawm ntev, txawm tias ib tus tub rog hais tias: "Tsis muaj peb (lossis 'muaj peb tus nruab nrab') cov tub rog hauv ntiaj teb - Swedish, Turkish thiab 23 Soviet "cov. Yog li ntawd, kev tsim cov tub rog no feem ntau raug xa mus rau lwm qhov, cov lus qhia txaus ntshai dua. Cov tub rog 42 tau tiv thaiv kab Pulkovo. Primorsk Task Force (POG) tau nyob ntawm tus choj Oranienbaum.
Artillery Lieutenant General Leonid Aleksandrovich Govorov ntawm nws lub rooj. Leningrad pem hauv ntej
Kev ua ntawm LF tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm Red Banner Baltic Fleet nyob rau hauv kev hais kom ua ntawm Tus Lwm Thawj Coj Admiral Vladimir Tributs, uas yog nyob ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm Neva River thiab hauv Kronstadt. Nws tau npog cov ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm sab xub ntiag, txhawb cov av hauv av nrog nws cov dav hlau thiab cov tub rog tua phom loj. Ib qho ntxiv, lub nkoj tau tuav ntau lub tebchaws nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Gulf of Finland, uas tau them rau sab hnub poob mus rau lub nroog. Leningrad kuj tau txhawb nqa los ntawm Ladoga cov tub rog flotilla. Kev tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm Leningrad tau ua los ntawm Leningrad Air Defense Army, uas cuam tshuam nrog kev ya dav hlau thiab tiv thaiv dav hlau phom loj ntawm pem hauv ntej thiab lub nkoj. Txoj kev tub rog nyob rau ntawm cov dej khov ntawm lub pas dej thiab cov chaw thauj mus los ntawm nws cov ntug dej tau them los ntawm Luftwaffe kev tawm tsam los ntawm kev tsim ntawm cais thaj tsam Ladoga huab cua tiv thaiv.
Cov tub rog ntawm Leningrad Pem Hauv Ntej tau sib cais los ntawm pab tub rog ntawm Volkhov Pem Hauv Ntej los ntawm 15-txoj kev hauv txoj kev, Shlisselburg-Sinyavinsky ledge, uas kaw lub nplhaib ntawm kev thaiv ntawm Leningrad los ntawm thaj av. Thaum pib xyoo 1943, Volkhov Pem Hauv Ntej tau hais los ntawm General ntawm Army Kirill Meretsky suav nrog: 2nd Shock Army, 4th, 8th, 52nd, 54th, 59th armies thiab 14th air army. Tab sis lawv tau koom tes ncaj qha hauv kev ua haujlwm: 2nd Shock Army - nyob rau hauv kev hais kom ua ntawm Tus Thawj Coj Vladimir Romanovsky, 54th Army - Lieutenant General Alexander Sukhomlin, 8th Army - Lieutenant General Philip Starikov, 14th Air Army - General Aviation Lieutenant Ivan Zhuravlev. Lawv ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv 300 km kab txaij ntawm Lake Ladoga mus rau Lake Ilmen. Ntawm sab xis ntawm Lake Ladoga mus rau Kirov txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, cov chav ntawm qhov poob siab thib ob thiab cov tub rog thib 8 tau nyob.
Rau qhov kev tawm tsam, pab pawg poob siab ntawm Leningrad thiab Volkhov tau tsim ua ntej, uas tau muaj zog ntxiv nrog cov phom loj, lub tank thiab cov kws tsim qauv, suav nrog los ntawm kev khaws cia ntawm Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Siab Tshaj Plaws. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, kev tawm tsam pab pawg ntawm ob lub ntsej muag suav nrog 302,800 tus tub rog thiab cov tub ceev xwm, kwv yees li 4,900 phom thiab phom (nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 76 hli thiab siab dua), ntau dua 600 lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab 809 lub dav hlau.
Lub teb chaws Yelemees
Cov lus hais hauv German siab, tom qab ua tsis tiav ntawm kev sim coj lub nroog, raug yuam kom tso tseg qhov tsis ua phem thiab hais kom cov tub rog mus rau qhov kev tiv thaiv. Txhua qhov kev saib xyuas tau tsom mus rau ntshav, tig mus rau kev puas tsuaj, tab sis tsis swb rau Stalingrad. Thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1942, cov tub rog tawm mus rau Stalingrad cov lus qhia pib los ntawm Army Group North. Qhov thib 8 Air Corps tau pauv mus rau cheeb tsam Stalingrad. Manstein tawm nrog nws lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm, uas yuav tsum tau coj Leningrad ua ntej. Lub tank thib 12, lub cev muaj zog thib 20 thiab ntau qhov kev sib tua hauv tub rog tau raug coj los ntawm pab tub rog German 18th. Rov qab los, Pawg Tub Rog 18 tau txais 69th Infantry, 1st, 9th, thiab 10th Airfield Division.
Kev tsim ntawm kev sib cais hauv tshav dav hlau, vim muaj kev poob ntau hauv cov tub rog hauv av, tau pib ntawm qhov pib ntawm Goering thaum lub Cuaj Hli 1942. Kev sib cais hauv tshav dav hlau tsis muaj kev tswj hwm thiab suav nrog 4 phom tub rog thiab ib pab tub rog loj, tau ua haujlwm los ntawm kev pabcuam hauv av ntawm Air Force thiab cov dav hlau tiv thaiv dav hlau, uas tsis muaj kev paub txog kev sib ntaus sib tua. Lawv muaj riam phom sib txawv, suav nrog Soviet khoom plig. Yog li, pawg German nyob ze Leningrad tsis tau poob qis xwb, tab sis kuj tsis zoo raws li qhov ua tau zoo.
Cov Tub Rog Liab tau tawm tsam los ntawm 18 tus tub rog German nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Georg Lindemann (Lindemann), uas yog ib feem ntawm Pab Pawg Sab Qaum Teb. Nws suav nrog 4 pab tub rog thiab mus txog 26 kev sib cais. Cov tub rog German tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm 1st Air Fleet ntawm Colonel-General ntawm Air Force Alfred Keller. Ib qho ntxiv, nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob mus rau lub nroog, tawm tsam 23rd Soviet Army, muaj 4 qhov kev sib cais ntawm Finnish los ntawm Karelian Isthmus pab pawg ua haujlwm.
Cov neeg German muaj kev tiv thaiv muaj zog tshaj plaws thiab pab pawg coob ntawm cov tub rog nyob rau qhov kev phom sij tshaj plaws - Shlisselburg -Sinyavinsky ledge (nws qhov tob tsis tshaj 15 km). Ntawm no, nruab nrab ntawm lub nroog Mga thiab Lake Ladoga, 5 qhov kev sib cais hauv German tau nyob ruaj khov - cov tub rog tseem ceeb ntawm 26th thiab ib feem ntawm kev sib faib ntawm pab tub rog 54th. Lawv suav nrog kwv yees li 60 txhiab tus neeg, 700 rab phom thiab phom, kwv yees li 50 lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab rab phom tua tus kheej. Muaj 4 qhov kev faib ua haujlwm hauv kev khaws cia ua haujlwm.
Tank Pz. Kpfw. III Aws. N, kev siv tus lej 116 los ntawm thawj lub tuam txhab ntawm 502nd cais cov tub rog ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam hnyav ntawm Wehrmacht, tsoo tawm hauv cheeb tsam Sinyavin txij lub Ib Hlis 12 txog Lub Ob Hlis 5, 1943
Txhua lub zos tau dhau los ua qhov chaw muaj zog, npaj rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, cov haujlwm tau npog nrog cov av, cov hlau thaiv thiab txuas ntxiv nrog cov tshuaj ntsiav. Los ntawm Leningrad, kev tiv thaiv tau tuav los ntawm Qhov no 328th Infantry Regiment ntawm 227th Infantry Division ntawm General von Scotti, 170th Infantry Division of General Zander nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov quab yuam thiab 100th Regiment ntawm 5th Mountain Division, uas muaj txog 30 tso tsheb hlau luam, txog 400 phom thiab phom. Txoj kab tiv thaiv ntawm cov neeg German hla mus rau sab laug ntawm Neva, qhov siab uas mus txog 12 meters. Lub ntug dej hiav txwv tau ua los ntawm cov dej khov, ua kom khawb, thiab yuav luag tsis muaj qhov yooj yim tawm mus. Cov neeg German muaj ob lub chaw tiv thaiv muaj zog. Ib qho - cov qauv ntawm lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thib 8, cov tsev cib ntawm cov nroog thib 1 thiab thib 2; qhov thib ob - ntau lub tsev zeb ntawm Shlisselburg thiab nws sab nrauv. Rau txhua txhua kis lus mev ntawm pem hauv ntej, muaj 10-12 lub bunkers thiab txog li 30 rab phom thiab cov tshuaj cug, thiab cov trenches puv profile nthuav dav thoob plaws hauv txhab nyiaj ntawm Neva.
Txoj kab tiv thaiv nruab nrab dhau los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm kev sib hais tsis tau. 1 thiab No. 5, chaw nres tsheb Podgornaya, Sinyavino, cov neeg ua haujlwm sib hais tsis tau. 6, thiab kev sib hais Mikhailovsky. Muaj ob txoj kab nqes hav, Sinyavino cov pob txha tsis kam, txoj haujlwm txiav tawm, thiab cov chaw ruaj khov. Cov yeeb ncuab siv rhuav tshem lub tank Soviet, tig lawv mus rau hauv cov ntsiab lus tua hluav taws. Lawv fringed Sinyavinsky qhov siab - txoj hauv kev, lub hauv paus thiab sab hnub poob qis, ntxiv rau Kruglaya hav ntoo. Los ntawm Sinyavinsky Heights, sab qab teb ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Lake Ladoga, Shlisselburg, lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thib 8 thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm kev sib hais tsis tau. Tag nrho qhov chaw tau nyob hauv hluav taws flank los ntawm cov chaw ruaj khov uas nyob ib puag ncig thiab cov kab tiv thaiv. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tag nrho cov qia zoo li ib qho chaw muaj zog.
Lub 227th Infantry Division (tsis muaj ib tus tub rog), 1st Infantry, 374th Regiment ntawm 207th Security Division thiab 425th Regiment ntawm 223rd Infantry Division tiv thaiv ob pab tub rog ntawm Volkhov Pem Hauv Ntej. Cov yeeb ncuab txoj kab tiv thaiv tau khiav los ntawm lub zos Lipka los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm sib hais tsis tau. 8, Kruglaya Grove, Gaitolovo, Mishino, Voronovo thiab ntxiv rau sab qab teb. Ua ntej ntawm ntug kev tiv thaiv muaj trench txuas mus tas li, npog nrog minefields, pob thiab kab hlau thaiv, nyob rau qee qhov chaw ib lub trench thib ob kuj tau khawb. Qhov twg thaj av swampy tsis pub nkag mus tob rau hauv av, cov neeg German tau tsim cov dej khov thiab ntau qhov nruab nrab, teeb tsa ob kab kab laj kab. Lipka, cov neeg ua haujlwm sib hais tsis tau. 8, Kruglaya grove, cov zos ntawm Gaitolovo thiab Tortolovo tau dhau los ua qhov chaw muaj zog tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tawm tsam.
Qhov xwm txheej rau sab kev tawm tsam tau hnyav dua los ntawm cov hav zoov thiab hav zoov hav zoov nyob hauv cheeb tsam. Ib qho ntxiv, muaj thaj chaw loj ntawm Sinyavinsky peat kev khawb av, uas tau txiav los ntawm qhov tob tob thiab ntxiv nrog cov ntoo hauv ntiaj teb, peat thiab cov dej khov. Lub tebchaws tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau rau cov tsheb tiv thaiv thiab cov phom loj, thiab lawv xav tau los rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv. Txhawm rau kov yeej qhov kev tiv thaiv, yuav tsum muaj lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshem tawm thiab rhuav tshem, yuav tsum muaj kev nruj heev ntawm cov rog thiab txhais tau tias ntawm kev tawm tsam.
Cov tub ceev xwm hauv tebchaws Soviet tshuaj xyuas cov phom German hnyav uas tau foob pob Leningrad. Cov no yog ob 305-mm mortars M16 Czech-ua los ntawm lub tuam txhab "Skoda"
Ib qho hnyav Czech-ua 305 mm M16 cug raug ntes los ntawm cov tub rog Soviet. Leningrad cheeb tsam
Kev npaj ua haujlwm
Thaum ntxov thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 18, 1942, LF tus thawj coj, General Govorov, tau xa tsab ntawv ceeb toom mus rau Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Lub Hauv Paus Loj, uas nws tau thov kom ua ob txoj haujlwm sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub poob ntawm Leningrad - Shlisselburgskaya thiab Uritskaya txhawm rau "tshem qhov thaiv ntawm Leningrad, xyuas kom muaj kev tsim kho txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau nyob ntawm Ladoga Canal thiab yog li npaj kev sib txuas lus ib txwm muaj Leningrad nrog lub tebchaws, kom ntseeg tau kev ywj pheej ntawm kev tswj hwm cov tub rog "ntawm Leningrad thiab Volkhov. Lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm, tau txiav txim siab qhov kev thov no, xav kom tsom mus rau txhua qhov kev saib xyuas txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv German kev tiv thaiv tsuas yog ib txoj hauv kev - Shlisselburg, uas coj mus rau qhov ua tiav ntawm lub hom phiaj los ntawm txoj kev luv tshaj plaws.
Thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 22, LF tus thawj coj tau nthuav qhia rau Lub Hauv Paus lub hauv paus txoj kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Nws xav txog kev xa khoom ntawm kev tawm tsam tuaj - Leningradsky los ntawm sab hnub poob, Volkhovsky - los ntawm sab hnub tuaj hauv kev coj ua ntawm Sinyavino. Tus nqi rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2 pom zoo cov phiaj xwm nthuav tawm. Kev sib koom tes ntawm kev nqis tes ua ntawm ob sab tau tso siab rau Marshal ntawm Soviet Union K. E. Voroshilov. Nws tau npaj los npaj kev ua haujlwm los ntawm Lub Ib Hlis 1, 1943. Cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb rau cov tub rog ntawm Leningrad thiab Volkhov ua ntej tau hais tseg hauv cov lus txib No. cov yeeb ncuab sib koom ua ke hauv Lipka, Gaitolovo, Moskovskaya Dubrovka, Shlisselburg thiab yog li, "rhuav tshem lub siege ntawm roob. Leningrad, thaum kawg Lub Ib Hlis 1943 ua tiav txoj haujlwm. " Tom qab ntawd, txav mus rau qhov kev tiv thaiv ruaj khov ntawm qhov tig ntawm tus dej. Moika, pos. Mikhailovsky, Tortolovo, xyuas kom muaj kev sib txuas lus ntawm Leningrad Pem Hauv Ntej thiab muab cov tub rog so 10 hnub. Hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm Lub Ob Hlis 1943, nws tau xaj kom npaj thiab ua haujlwm kom kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab hauv cheeb tsam Mga thiab tshem txoj kev Kirov kev tsheb ciav hlau nrog kev nkag mus rau Voronovo, Sigolovo, Voitolovo, Voskresenskoye kab.
Soviet cov tub rog nyob rau hauv kev tawm tsam nyob ze Leningrad thaum pib ntawm kev kov yeej kev thaiv
Kev npaj ua haujlwm
Rau kev ua haujlwm, ob pawg poob siab tau tsim: ntawm VF - 2nd Shock Army of Lieutenant General V. Z. Romanovsky, ntawm Leningrad Army - 67th Army ntawm Major General MP Dukhanov. Pawg LF tawm tsam yog hla Neva ntawm cov dej khov, hla kev tiv thaiv hauv Moskovskaya Dubrovka thiab Shlisselburg cov chaw, kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab uas nkag los ntawm no, koom nrog VF pab tub rog thiab rov sib txuas lus ntawm Leningrad thiab thaj av loj. Yav tom ntej, nws tau npaj kom tawm ntawm kev tsim ntawm 67th Army ntawm kab ntawm r. Ntxuav. Pawg neeg tawm tsam ntawm VF yog txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hauv Lipka, Gaitolovo ntu (12 km dav) thiab, xa lub tshuab tseem ceeb rau Sinyavino, ntes kab Rabochiy Poselok No. 1, Sinyavino, swb Sinyavinsko-Shlisselburg yeeb ncuab pawg thiab koom nrog LF cov rog. Qhov muab ntawm sab laug ntawm Pab Pawg Shock thib 2 tau tso rau hauv 8th Army ntawm General F. N. Starikov, leej twg, nrog nws txoj cai-flank formations, yuav tsum tau nce qib hauv kev coj ntawm Tortolovo, pos. Mikhailovsky. Hnub 13 thiab 14 Cov Tub Rog Huab Cua ntawm Leningrad thiab Volkhov Fronts thiab kev ya dav hlau ntawm Baltic Fleet (txog 900 lub dav hlau tag nrho) tau muab kev txhawb nqa huab cua thiab npog rau cov tub rog. Kev ya dav hlau ntev, nqaum dej hiav txwv thiab tub rog ntawm lub nkoj (88 rab phom) kuj tau koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm pab pawg poob siab ntawm Volkhov Pem Hauv Ntej, los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Siab Tshaj Plaws Hauv Lub Tuam Tsev, tau tso siab rau tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog thib 2 poob siab nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ncaj qha ntawm tus thawj coj ua ntej, Lieutenant General I. I. Fedyuninsky. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm pab pawg tawm tsam ntawm Leningrad Front tau ua los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm 67th Army nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ncaj qha ntawm tus thawj coj ua ntej, Lieutenant General LA Govorov. Marshals G. K. Zhukov thiab K. E. Voroshilov yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Siab Tshaj Plaws kom koom tes ua haujlwm ntawm Leningrad thiab Volkhov.
Lub hauv paus ntawm LF tawm tsam pab pawg yog pab tub rog thib 67, ua ua ntej kev tawm tsam hauv ob lub nroog. Thawj qhov kev sib tw suav nrog 45 Tus Saib Xyuas, 268th, 136th, 86th Kev Sib Tw Sib Tw, 61 Tank Tank Brigade, 86th thiab 118th cais cov tub rog sib ntaus. Lub sijhawm thib ob suav nrog kev faib 13, 123rd phom, 102nd, 123rd, 142nd phom loj, thiab pab tub rog tshwj tseg - 152nd thiab 220th tank brigades, 46th faib phom, 11, 55th, 138th phom, 34th thiab 35th ski brigades. Kev tawm tsam tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm rab phom loj ntawm pab tub rog, pem hauv ntej thiab Baltic lub nkoj - tag nrho kwv yees li 1900 rab phom thiab cug thiab 13 Air Army nrog 414 lub dav hlau.
Kev poob siab ntawm pab pawg Volkhov Pem Hauv Ntej tau tsim los ntawm 2nd Shock Army, ib feem ntawm cov tub rog ntawm 8th Army. Thawj qhov kev sib tw ntawm Cov Tub Rog Shock thib 2 suav nrog 128th, 372nd, 256th, 327th, 314th, 376th Kev Sib Tw Tub Rog, 122nd Tank Brigade, 32nd Guards Tank Breakthrough Regiment, 4 cais cov tub rog. Qhov kev sib tw zaum ob muaj 18, 191st, 71st, 11, 239th phom sib faib, 16, 98th thiab 185th cov tub rog tso tsheb hlau luam. Cov tub rog khaws cia tau tsim los ntawm kev faib phom 147th, phom 22, rab phom 11, 12 thiab 13. Ntawm sab laug ntawm qhov kev tawm tsam, ib feem ntawm cov tub rog ntawm pab tub rog thib 8 tau ua: lub 80th, 364th phom sib faib, pab tub rog tub rog 73, tub rog thib 25 sib cais thiab ob lub nkoj sib cais. Qhov kev tawm tsam tau txhawb nqa los ntawm rab phom loj los ntawm pem hauv ntej thiab ob pab tub rog nrog kwv yees li 2,885 phom thiab cug thiab 14th Air Army nrog 395 lub dav hlau.
Hauv kev npaj rau kev ua haujlwm, cov thawj coj ntawm Leningrad thiab Volkhov ua ntej, ntawm tus nqi ntawm lawv cov peev txheej thiab rov tsim dua los ntawm lwm cov lus qhia, ua rau muaj zog ntxiv rau 67th thiab 2nd cov tub rog poob siab, txiav txim siab tsom mus rau lawv lub zog ntawm kev ua tiav. Cov tub rog Soviet muaj ntau dua cov yeeb ncuab nyob ntawm no los ntawm 4, 5 zaug, hauv rab phom loj los ntawm 6-7, hauv tso tsheb hlau luam los ntawm 10 thiab hauv dav hlau 2 zaug. Hauv Pawg Tub Rog 67, 1909 rab phom thiab phom ciam teb ntawm 76-mm thiab ntau dua qhov muaj peev xwm tau mob siab rau hauv ntu 13-km ntawm qhov kev kov yeej, uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem nqa cov phom loj mus rau 146 phom thiab phom rau 1 km ntawm pem hauv ntej. kev faib phom (dav 1.5 km), qhov ceev ntawm rab phom thiab phom rau ib 1 km ntawm pem hauv ntej yog 365 chav nyob, hauv kev sib tw ntawm 376th kev faib phom (dav 2 km) - 183, thiab hauv txoj kev pabcuam - 101 phom thiab mortars rau 1 km pem hauv ntej.
Kev npaj phom loj rau kev tawm tsam tau npaj rau 2 teev thiab 20 feeb, txhawb rau kev tawm tsam - los ntawm txoj kev tua hluav taws mus rau qhov tob ntawm 1 km, thiab tom qab ntawd los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov hluav taws kub sib ntxiv. Ib qho ntxiv, nws tau xav txog nrog kev tawm ntawm cov tub rog tawm tsam ntawm cov dej khov kom tua hluav taws 200-250 m los ntawm thawj qhov chaw ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Txhua lub tank (ntawm LF - 222 tso tsheb hlau luam thiab 37 lub tsheb tiv thaiv, ntawm VF - 217 tso tsheb hlau luam) tau npaj los siv ncaj qha rau pab tub rog. Txog kev tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm pab pawg tawm tsam, cov hauv qab no tau koom nrog: hauv VF-peb qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv dav hlau, rau cais pawg sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv dav hlau thiab ob lub dav hlau tiv thaiv dav hlau tiv thaiv roj teeb; hauv LF-kev sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv dav hlau, ib pab tub rog tiv thaiv huab cua, rau cais pawg tiv thaiv dav hlau tiv thaiv dav hlau, ob lub dav hlau tiv thaiv dav hlau tiv thaiv dav hlau, nrog rau plaub lub dav hlau tiv thaiv dav hlau thiab plaub lub dav hlau tua rog los ntawm Leningrad Air Defense Tub rog.
Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog tias yuav luag ib hlis tau npaj rau kev npaj. Thoob plaws Lub Kaum Ob Hlis, cov tub rog ntawm Kev Nyuaj Siab thib 2 thiab 67th Cov Tub Rog tau npaj siab rau kev ua haujlwm tom ntej. Txhua qhov kev tsim tau ntxiv nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm, khoom siv tub rog thiab riam phom. Cov tub rog tau sau los ntawm 2 txog 5 teev cov mos txwv, nyob ntawm cov tshuab thiab phom. Kev ua haujlwm hnyav tshaj plaws yog kev npaj thaj tsam pib rau pawg ua ntej tawm tsam. Nws yuav tsum tau nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov trenches thiab kev sib txuas lus, cov chaw nyob rau cov neeg ua haujlwm, qhib thiab teeb tsa txoj haujlwm tua phom loj, cug av, tso tsheb hlau luam, thiab npaj cov chaw mos txwv. Qhov ntim tag nrho ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv ntiaj teb ntawm txhua lub hauv ntej tau kwv yees ntau pua txhiab txhiab cubic meters. Txhua txoj haujlwm tsuas yog ua los ntawm txhais tes, hauv qhov tsaus ntuj, yam tsis cuam tshuam qhov kev coj ua ib txwm muaj ntawm cov tub rog nyob hauv kev tiv thaiv, ua raws li kev ntsuas zais. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg tsav nkoj tau tsim txoj hauv kev thiab cov kab kab, gatis thiab cov nqes hav los ntawm cov swamps, uas muaj ntau nyob hauv thaj chaw qub, tshem cov pob zeb hauv av, thiab npaj txoj kev hla kev. Yog li, cov kws tsim vaj tsev tau tsim 20 km ntawm kab hauv kab hauv cov tub rog tom qab, ntxiv dag zog rau cov choj thiab tsim cov tshiab, ua cov kab hauv minefields (ib qho rau ib lub tuam txhab).
Ib qho ntxiv, LF tseem xav tau kev tsim khoom los txhais lus kom kov yeej lub tsev txhab nyiaj siab ntawm Neva thiab thaj chaw ntawm cov dej khov puas. Rau lub hom phiaj no, ntau pua lub rooj tau ua los ntawm cov laug cam, ua phem rau ntaiv, nqes hav, hlua nrog hlua thiab "crampons". Tom qab txiav txim siab ntau qhov kev xaiv (suav nrog tsim cov kwj dej hauv cov dej khov ntawm Neva nrog kev tsim kho tom ntej ntawm tus choj pontoon, lossis txhawb cov dej khov los ntawm kev khov hlua rau hauv nws), nws tau txiav txim siab thauj cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab phom loj hnyav hla Neva nrog ntoo "ntsia" tso rau ntawm tus neeg pw tsaug zog.
Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb tau them rau kev cob qhia cov tub rog, cov thawj coj thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm. Raws li kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog, kev cob qhia ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hais kom ua thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm hais kom ua tau ua. Rau txhua qhov sib faib nyob tom qab, ib thaj av tau xaiv, zoo ib yam rau qhov uas nws yuav tsum tau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv. Muaj cov chaw cob qhia thiab cov nroog zoo li cov yeeb ncuab muaj zog, qhov twg cov pab pawg thiab cov chav kawm kawm los tiv thaiv txoj haujlwm muaj zog thiab ua kev tawm tsam hauv hav zoov. Yog li, Leningraders ntawm Toksovsky kev kawm hauv av tau tsim thaj chaw tiv thaiv zoo ib yam li yuav tsum tawg. Nov yog kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm nrog kev tua nyob, tau ua haujlwm rau tub rog kom ua raws qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm qhov deb ntawm 100 metres. Ntawm ntu ntawm Neva hauv nroog txwv, lawv tau siv txoj hauv kev los kov yeej thaj chaw puas ntawm cov dej khov, cua daj cua dub, khov, muaj zog ntxiv nrog bunkers ntug dej hiav txwv. Cov tub rog tau txais kev qhia zoo ib yam ntawm Volkhov pem hauv ntej. Hauv kev xaus, kev tawm dag zog tua hluav taws tau ua. Cov duab qhia chaw tau ua tib zoo ua kom zoo siv duab thaij duab. Cov tswv yim yees duab thiab kho cov duab qhia chaw tau txais los ntawm txhua tus thawj coj, suav nrog cov tuam txhab thiab roj teeb. Hauv cov subunits thiab cov chaw faib rau kev ua tiav, kev tawm tsam tawm tsam thiab pab pawg sib ntaus sib tua tau tsim los ua cov kab thiab rhuav tshem cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv uas ruaj khov tshaj plaws. Ntawm VF, 83 qhov kev tawm tsam raug tsim tawm, suav nrog cov neeg foob pob, cov tshuab rab phom, cov tshuab rab phom, cov flamethrowers, cov phom loj thiab cov tso tsheb loj thauj neeg. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb tau them rau kev xyaum ua cov txheej txheem cua daj cua dub ntoo thiab cov nyom hauv ntiaj teb, peat, daus thiab dej khov.
Kev ua haujlwm camouflage yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Kev sib sau ua ke ntawm pab tub rog tau ua tshwj xeeb thaum hmo ntuj lossis hauv huab cua tsis ya. Txog kev tshawb nrhiav hauv kev quab yuam thiab tshawb nrhiav hmo ntuj, tsuas yog cov subunits thiab cov koog uas tau sib tham ncaj qha nrog cov yeeb ncuab tau koom nrog. Txhawm rau zais kev npaj rau kev kov yeej los ntawm nws, kev ua haujlwm tshawb nrhiav tau siv zog ntxiv mus thoob plaws pem hauv ntej, mus txog Novgorod. Sab qaum teb ntawm Novgorod, lawv ua raws li kev ua phem ua phem, qhia pom qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov tub rog coob thiab cov cuab yeej siv. Tsawg tus neeg koom nrog hauv kev txhim kho txoj phiaj xwm kev ua haujlwm. Txhua qhov kev ntsuas no tau ua lub luag haujlwm. Cov yeeb ncuab tswj hwm los tsim kom tau sai ua ntej pib ua haujlwm uas cov tub rog Soviet tau npaj rau kev tawm tsam, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab lub sijhawm thiab lub zog ntawm kev tawm tsam. Tus thawj coj ntawm 26th Army Corps, General Leiser, coj qhov no mus rau hauv tus account, tawm tswv yim rau tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog 18th, General Lindemann, thim cov tub rog los ntawm Shlisselburg. Tab sis qhov kev thov no tsis tau txais.
Soviet cov tub rog nyob rau hauv kev tua nyob ze Leningrad, thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm txhawm rau txhawm rau thaiv qhov thaiv ntawm Leningrad. Qhov chaw yees duab:
Qhov hais kom ua ntawm Leningrad thiab Volkhov nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 27, 1942 tau thov Stalin ncua kev pib ua phem rau lub Ib Hlis 10-12. Lawv tau piav qhia qhov kev thov no los ntawm huab cua tsis zoo uas tsis zoo, uas ua rau kom sov nyob ntev thiab, nrog rau qhov no, kom tsis muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov dej khov npog ntawm Neva thiab tsis zoo ntawm cov av.
Thaum lub Ib Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1943, tau muaj kev sib tham ntawm pawg tub rog ntawm Leningrad thiab Volkhov. Nws qhia meej txog cov teeb meem ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov tub rog pem hauv ntej hauv kev ua haujlwm, kev ua haujlwm ib txhij ntawm thawj txoj haujlwm, pib ntawm kev siv phom loj thiab kev npaj dav hlau, lub sijhawm ntawm kev tua ntawm cov tub rog thiab cov tso tsheb hlau luam, txoj cai ntawm kev sib tham ntawm cov tub rog pem hauv ntej - Cov neeg ua haujlwm Zos Nroog 2 thiab 6, thiab lwm yam. Nws kuj tau pom zoo tias yog tias ib pab tub rog nyob ntawm ib sab, thaum mus txog txoj kab kev npaj tseg, yuav tsis ntsib cov tub rog ntawm lwm lub hauv ntej, tom qab ntawd lawv tseem yuav tawm tsam mus txog thaum lub rooj sib tham tiag tiag.
Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm, thaum Lub Ib Hlis 10, 1943, General of Army G. K. Zhukov kom pom ntawm qhov chaw seb txhua yam tau ua tiav rau kev ua tiav ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Zhukov tau paub txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev poob siab thib ob thiab thib 8 ntawm pab tub rog. Ntawm nws cov lus qhia, qee qhov ua tsis tau raug tshem tawm. Hmo ntuj ntawm Lub Ib Hlis 11, cov tub rog tau coj lawv txoj haujlwm pib.
B. V. Kotik, N. M. Kutuzov, V. I. Seleznev, L. V. Kabachek, Yu. A. Garikov, K. G. Molteninov, F. V. Savostyanov. Diorama ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej -Txuag "Rhuav lub Siege ntawm Leningrad", mob siab rau qhov hloov pauv keeb kwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm Leningrad - Kev Ua Haujlwm Iskra (Kirovsk, Kirovsky District, Leningrad Region)
