Taug Kev Tuag. Txog rau 100th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm Osovets fortress

Taug Kev Tuag. Txog rau 100th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm Osovets fortress
Taug Kev Tuag. Txog rau 100th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm Osovets fortress

Video: Taug Kev Tuag. Txog rau 100th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm Osovets fortress

Video: Taug Kev Tuag. Txog rau 100th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm Osovets fortress
Video: Xov Xwm 23/6/2023 - Tsov Rog Lavxias Thiab Ukraine Sib Tua Nyhav Heev Hnub No 1.745 Tus Tub Rog Tuag 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Taug Kev Tuag. Artist: Evgeny Ponomarev

Lub Yim Hli 6 yog hnub tseem ceeb 100 xyoo ntawm kev ua yeeb yam "Ua Tuag Tuag" - qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb hauv keeb kwm kev ua tsov ua rog: kev tawm tsam ntawm 13 lub tuam txhab ntawm 226th Zemlyansky cov tub rog, uas muaj sia nyob ntawm German kev tawm tsam thaum lub sij hawm ua phem ntawm Osovets fortress los ntawm cov tub rog German thaum Lub Yim Hli 6 (Lub Xya Hli 24) 1915. Nws yog li cas?

Nws yog xyoo ob ntawm kev ua rog. Qhov xwm txheej ntawm Sab Hnub Poob tsis yog nyob hauv Russia txoj kev pom zoo. Thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 1, 1915, tom qab muaj kev tawm tsam roj ntawm Gorlitsa, cov neeg German tau tswj hwm kom hla dhau txoj haujlwm Lavxias, thiab kev tawm tsam loj los ntawm cov tub rog German thiab Austrian tau pib. Vim li ntawd, Lub Tebchaws Poland, Lithuania, Galicia, ib feem ntawm Latvia thiab Belarus tau raug tso tseg. Tsuas yog cov neeg raug kaw ntawm tub rog tub rog ntawm Russia poob 1.5 lab tus tib neeg, thiab tag nrho cov kev poob hauv xyoo 1915 muaj txog 3 lab tus neeg raug tua, raug mob thiab raug kaw.

Txawm li cas los xij, puas yog qhov zoo tshaj tawm xyoo 1915 yog lub dav hlau txaj muag? Tsis yog

Tus kws sau keeb kwm tseem ceeb ntawm tub rog A. Kersnovsky sau txog tib qhov kev kov yeej Gorlitsky: "Thaum kaj ntug thaum lub Plaub Hlis 19, IVth Austro-Hungarian thiab XIth German cov tub rog tau tawm tsam IX thiab X corps ntawm Dunajec thiab ze Gorlitsa. Ib txhiab rab phom - txog 12 -inch caliber suav nrog - ua rau dej nyab peb qhov tob tob nyob rau pem hauv ntej 35 mais los ntawm hiav txwv hluav taws, tom qab ntawd cov tub rog coob ntawm Mackensen thiab Archduke Joseph Ferdinand tau maj nrawm mus rau kev ua phem. Muaj ib pab tub rog tawm tsam txhua tus ntawm peb cov tub rog, cov tub rog tawm tsam txhua tus ntawm peb cov tub rog, thiab kev faib tawm tsam txhua tus ntawm peb cov tub rog. Ua kom pom tseeb los ntawm kev ntsiag to ntawm peb cov phom loj, cov yeeb ncuab tau txiav txim siab tag nrho peb lub zog kom raug tshem tawm ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Tab sis los ntawm cov av pov tseg, cov neeg ib nrab faus nrog lub ntiaj teb tau sawv - cov seem ntawm cov ntshav, tab sis tsis tau tsoo cov tub rog ntawm 42nd, 31st, 61st thiab 9th faib. Zorndorf Fusiliers zoo li tau nce los ntawm lawv cov ntxa. Nrog lawv lub mis hlau, lawv ua rau lub tshuab tawg thiab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntawm tag nrho cov tub rog Lavxias."

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Garrison ntawm Osovets fortress

Cov tub rog Lavxias tau thim rov qab, vim tias nws tau ntsib lub plhaub thiab phom ntev tshaib plab. Cov neeg tsim khoom lag luam Lavxias, rau feem ntau - kev ywj pheej jingoistic patriots uas tau qw xyoo 1914 "Muab Dardanelles!" thiab cov uas tau thov kom muab lub zog rau pej xeem rau qhov kev kov yeej kev tsov rog, tsis muaj peev xwm daws tau qhov tsis txaus ntawm riam phom thiab mos txwv. Ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev kov yeej, cov neeg German tau tsom mus txog ib lab lub plhaub. Cov phom loj Lavxias tuaj yeem tsuas teb rau ib puas German puag ncig nrog kaum. Txoj kev npaj ua kom txaus cov tub rog Lavxias nrog rab phom loj tau thwarted: hloov ntawm 1500 phom, nws tau txais … 88.

Cov tub rog tsis muaj zog, thev naus laus zis tsis paub ntawv sib piv nrog German, tub rog Lavxias tau ua qhov nws tuaj yeem ua tau, txuag lub tebchaws, ua txhaum rau kev suav tsis txheeb ntawm cov tub ceev xwm, kev txaj muag thiab kev ntshaw ntawm cov tub ceev xwm tom qab nrog nws tus kheej lub siab tawv thiab nws cov ntshav. Tsis muaj lub plhaub thiab cov mos txwv, thim rov qab, cov tub rog Lavxias tau ua rau hnyav hnyav rau cov tub rog German thiab Austrian, uas nws poob tag nrho xyoo 1915 muaj txog 1,200 txhiab tus neeg.

Kev tiv thaiv ntawm Osovets fortress yog nplooj ntawv zoo nkauj hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev tawm xyoo 1915. Nws nyob tsuas yog 23 kilometers ntawm ciam teb nrog Sab Hnub Tuaj Prussia. Raws li S. Khmelkov, tus koom nrog tiv thaiv Osovets, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub chaw tiv thaiv yog "txhawm rau thaiv cov yeeb ncuab los ntawm txoj kev nyob ze thiab yooj yim tshaj plaws rau Bialystok … los yog nrhiav kev taug. " Thiab Bialystok yog txoj kev mus rau Vilno (Vilnius), Grodno, Minsk thiab Brest, uas yog, lub qhov rooj nkag mus rau Russia. Thawj qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg German tau ua raws lub Cuaj Hli 1914, thiab thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1915, kev tawm tsam tau pib, uas tawm tsam rov qab rau 190 hnub, txawm hais tias muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo German kev siv zog.

Taug Kev Tuag. Txog rau 100th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm Osovets fortress
Taug Kev Tuag. Txog rau 100th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm Osovets fortress

German rab phom loj Bertha

Lub npe nrov "Big Berts" tau xa mus-phom siege ntawm 420-millimeter caliber, 800-kg zoo li uas tsoo los ntawm ob-meter hlau thiab qab nthab. Lub qhov taub los ntawm qhov kev tawg no yog 5 metres tob thiab 15 metres txoj kab uas hla. Plaub "Big Berts" thiab 64 lwm yam riam phom muaj zog tau raug coj los ze Osovets - tag nrho ntawm 17 lub roj teeb. Qhov phom sij txaus ntshai tshaj plaws yog thaum pib ntawm kev raug kaw. "Tus yeeb ncuab tau qhib hluav taws rau ntawm lub fortress thaum Lub Ob Hlis 25, coj nws mus rau cua daj cua dub thaum Lub Ob Hlis 27 thiab 28, thiab yog li txuas ntxiv tsoo lub fortress kom txog thaum Lub Peb Hlis 3," S. Khmelkov rov hais dua. Raws li nws qhov kev suav, nyob rau lub lim tiam no ntawm kev phom sij txaus ntshai, 200-250 txhiab phom hnyav ib leeg tau raug rho tawm ntawm lub chaw tiv thaiv. Thiab tag nrho thaum lub sij hawm siege - txog 400 txhiab. "Qhov pom ntawm lub fortress yog qhov txaus ntshai, tag nrho lub chaw tiv thaiv tau pa taws, los ntawm qhov nplaim hluav taws loj loj tau tawg los ntawm kev tawg ntawm lub plhaub hauv ib qho lossis lwm qhov; cov ncej ntawm lub ntiaj teb, dej, thiab tag nrho cov ntoo ya mus rau saum; lub ntiaj teb tshee hnyo, thiab zoo li tsis muaj dab tsi tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov cua daj cua dub. Qhov kev xav yog tias tsis muaj ib tus neeg yuav tawm los ntawm nag xob nag cua ntawm hluav taws thiab hlau."

Thiab tsis tau lub fortress sawv. Cov neeg tiv thaiv tau thov kom tuav tawm yam tsawg 48 teev. Lawv tuav tawm 190 hnub, tsoo ob lub Berts. Nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kom Osovets thaum lub sijhawm tawm tsam loj txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv Mackensen cov tub rog los ntawm kev ua phem rau cov tub rog Lavxias hauv lub hnab Polish.

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German roj teeb roj

Pom tias cov phom loj tsis tau daws nws cov haujlwm, cov neeg German pib npaj cov pa tua. Nco tseg tias cov tshuaj lom tau txwv nyob rau ib zaug los ntawm Hague Convention, uas yog cov neeg German, txawm li cas los xij, kev ntxub ntxaug, zoo li ntau lwm yam, raws li cov lus hais tias: "Lub teb chaws Yelemees yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws." Lub teb chaws thiab kev ntxub ntxaug lwm haiv neeg tau nthuav txoj hauv kev rau tib neeg siv thev naus laus zis ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1 thiab Zaum Ob. Kev tawm tsam roj German ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib yog qhov ua ntej ntawm cov chav roj. Tus cwj pwm ntawm "txiv" ntawm kev siv tshuaj lom neeg German, Fritz Haber, yog tus yam ntxwv. Los ntawm qhov chaw nyab xeeb nws nyiam saib kev tsim txom ntawm cov tub rog yeeb ncuab lom. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas nws tus poj niam tau tua tus kheej tom qab kev tawm tsam German roj ntawm Ypres.

Thawj qhov kev tawm tsam roj ntawm Lavxias pem hauv ntej lub caij ntuj no xyoo 1915 tsis ua tiav: qhov kub tau qis dhau. Tom qab ntawd, cov pa roj (feem ntau yog tshuaj chlorine) tau dhau los ua phooj ywg zoo ntawm cov neeg German, suav nrog ze Osovets thaum Lub Yim Hli 1915.

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German roj nres

Cov neeg German tau npaj ua pa kom zoo, ua siab ntev tos cov cua xav tau. Peb tau siv 30 roj teeb roj, ntau txhiab lub tog raj kheej. Thiab thaum Lub Yim Hli 6, thaum 4 teev sawv ntxov, qhov tsaus ntsuab ntsuab ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj chlorine thiab bromine tau ntws mus rau Lavxias txoj haujlwm, ncav cuag lawv hauv 5-10 feeb. Cov pa roj yoj 12-15 meters siab thiab 8 km dav nkag mus rau qhov tob ntawm 20 km. Cov neeg tiv thaiv ntawm lub fortress tsis muaj lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg.

"Txhua yam khoom muaj sia nyob hauv qhov cua qhib ntawm tus choj ntawm lub fortress tau raug tshuaj lom tuag," nco qab tus neeg koom nrog hauv kev tiv thaiv. - Txhua lub tsev ntsuab nyob rau hauv lub fortress thiab nyob rau thaj tsam tam sim ntawd raws txoj kev ntawm kev txav ntawm cov pa roj tau raug rhuav tshem, cov nplooj ntawm cov ntoo tig daj, curled thiab poob tawm, cov nyom tig dub thiab poob rau hauv av, paj paj ya ncig. Txhua yam khoom tooj liab ntawm tus choj ntawm lub chaw tiv thaiv - ib feem ntawm rab phom thiab lub plhaub, lub tais ntxuav tais diav, tso tsheb hlau luam, thiab lwm yam - tau npog nrog txheej tuab tuab ntawm cov tshuaj chlorine oxide; cov khoom noj khaws cia yam tsis muaj kev sib khi hermetic - nqaij, roj, lard, zaub - hloov mus ua tshuaj lom thiab tsis tsim nyog rau noj."

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Taug Kev Tuag. Rov tsim kho dua

Cov phom loj German rov qhib hluav taws loj, tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab huab cua huab cua, 14 pawg tub rog ntawm Landwehr tau txav mus ua phem rau Lavxias rau pem hauv ntej txoj haujlwm - thiab qhov no tsis tsawg dua 7 txhiab tus tub rog. Lawv lub hom phiaj yog txhawm rau tuav txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb Sosnenskaya. Lawv tau cog lus tias lawv yuav tsis ntsib leej twg tab sis cov neeg tuag.

Aleksey Lepeshkin, tus koom nrog tiv thaiv Osovets, rov hais dua: "Peb tsis muaj lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg, yog li cov pa ua rau raug mob txaus ntshai thiab hlawv tshuaj. Thaum ua pa tawm los hawb pob thiab ntshav ua npuas los ntawm lub ntsws. Cov tawv nqaij ntawm txhais tes thiab ntsej muag tau tawg. Cov khaub ncaws peb qhwv ib ncig ntawm peb lub ntsej muag tsis pab. Txawm li cas los xij, Lavxias rab phom loj tau pib ua, xa lub plhaub tom qab lub plhaub los ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuab ntsuab mus rau cov neeg Prussians. Ntawm no yog lub taub hau ntawm Lub Chaw Tiv Thaiv Thib Ob ntawm Osovets Svechnikov, tshee los ntawm qhov hnoos txaus ntshai, tawm suab: "Kuv cov phooj ywg, peb, zoo li Prussians-kab laum, tsis tuag los ntawm kev raug mob. Cia peb qhia lawv kom nco ntsoov mus ib txhis!"

Thiab cov neeg uas muaj txoj sia nyob los ntawm cov pa phem txaus ntshai sawv, suav nrog lub tuam txhab 13th, uas tau poob ib nrab ntawm nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nws tau raug coj los ntawm Tus Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm Vladimir Karpovich Kotlinsky. Qhov "nyob tuag" nrog lawv lub ntsej muag qhwv hauv khaub ncaws tau taug kev mus rau cov neeg German. Qhib "Hurray!" tsis muaj zog. Cov tub rog tau tshee hnyo los ntawm kev hnoos, ntau hnoos ntshav thiab daim ntsws. Tab sis lawv mus.

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Taug Kev Tuag. Rov tsim kho dua

Ib tus neeg tim khawv pom cov ntawv xov xwm Russkoe Slovo: "Kuv tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia qhov kev iab thiab npau taws uas peb cov tub rog tau tawm tsam cov tshuaj lom German. Cov phom loj thiab rab phom tshuab, qhov tawg ntho tawg tsis tuaj yeem nres qhov kev ua phem ntawm cov tub rog npau taws. Kev qaug zog, lom, lawv khiav nrog lub hom phiaj nkaus xwb ntawm kev tsoo cov neeg German. Tsis muaj neeg rov qab, tsis muaj leej twg yuav tsum tau maj. Tsis muaj ib tus neeg tshwj xeeb, cov tuam txhab tau taug kev raws li ib tus neeg, ua yeeb yaj kiab los ntawm ib lub hom phiaj, ib qho kev xav: tuag, tab sis ua pauj kua zaub ntsuab rau cov tshuaj lom phem."

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Tub ceev xwm Vladimir Kotlinsky

Phau ntawv teev npe sib ntaus ntawm 226th Zemlyansky cov tub rog hais tias: Ua rau cov yeeb ncuab txog 400 txoj haujlwm, Tus Lwm Thawj Tub Rog Kotlinsky, coj los ntawm nws lub tuam txhab, tau nrawm mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam. Nrog lub xov tooj cua tshuab nws tsoo cov neeg German poob los ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm, yuam kom lawv khiav tawm hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb … Tsis tau tso tseg, lub tuam txhab 13th txuas ntxiv mus nrhiav cov yeeb ncuab uas khiav tawm, nrog lub dav hlau tsoo nws tawm ntawm qhov nqes ntawm ntu 1 thiab 2 ntawm Sosnensky txoj haujlwm nyob ntawm nws. Peb rov nyob ua haujlwm tom kawg, rov qab rov qab peb cov riam phom tiv thaiv thiab rab phom tshuab ntes los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. Qhov kawg ntawm qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua no, Tus Lwm Thawj Tub Rog Kotlinsky tau raug mob tuag thiab tau xa cov lus txib ntawm lub tuam txhab 13 mus rau Tus Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm thib 2 ntawm Osovets Sapper Tuam Txhab Strezheminsky, uas ua tiav thiab ua tiav rooj plaub kom zoo li pib los ntawm Tus Thawj Tub Rog Kotlinsky.

Kotlinsky tuag nyob rau yav tsaus ntuj ntawm tib hnub, los ntawm Kev Txiav Txim Siab Tshaj Plaws ntawm lub Cuaj Hlis 26, 1916, nws tau txais txiaj ntsig tom qab Kev Txiav Txim ntawm St. George, qib 4.

Sosnenskaya txoj haujlwm tau rov qab los thiab txoj haujlwm tau rov qab los. Kev ua tiav tau ua tiav ntawm tus nqi siab: 660 tus neeg tuag. Tab sis lub fortress tuav tawm.

Txog thaum kawg Lub Yim Hli, kev khaws cia ntawm Osovets poob tag nrho lub ntsiab lus: lub hauv ntej dov rov qab mus rau sab hnub tuaj. Lub chaw tiv thaiv tau raug tshem tawm hauv qhov raug: cov yeeb ncuab tau tso tseg tsis yog siv phom nkaus xwb - tsis yog ib lub plhaub, ib daim cartridge lossis txawm tias ib lub kaus poom tau tso rau cov neeg German. Cov phom tau rub thaum hmo ntuj raws txoj kev Grodno los ntawm 50 tus tub rog. Hmo ntuj ntawm Lub Yim Hli 24, Cov neeg tsav nkoj Lavxias tau tawg cov seem ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv thiab sab laug. Thiab tsuas yog thaum Lub Yim Hli 25, Cov neeg German tau nkag mus rau hauv qhov puas.

Hmoov tsis zoo, feem ntau cov tub rog Lavxias thiab cov tub ceev xwm ntawm Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb raug liam tias tsis muaj kev ua siab loj thiab kev txi, saib Tsov Rog Zaum Ob los ntawm kev dag ntxias xyoo 1917 - kev puas tsuaj ntawm tsoomfwv thiab cov tub rog, "kev ntxeev siab, kev dag thiab dag ntxias." Peb pom tias qhov no tsis yog li ntawd.

Kev tiv thaiv ntawm Osovets yog piv rau kev tiv thaiv zoo ntawm Brest Fortress thiab Sevastopol thaum Tsov Rog Loj Patriotic. Vim hais tias nyob rau thawj lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, tub rog Lavxias tau mus sib ntaus sib tua nrog kev paub meej txog yam nws tab tom yuav mus - "Rau Kev Ntseeg, Tsar, thiab Leej Txiv." Nws taug kev nrog kev ntseeg Vajtswv thiab tus ntoo khaub lig ntawm nws lub hauv siab, qhwv txoj hlua nrog cov ntawv sau "Ciaj sia nyob hauv kev pab Vyshnyago", tso nws tus ntsuj plig "rau nws cov phooj ywg."

Thiab txawm hais tias qhov kev nco qab no tau ploj zuj zus los ntawm kev hloov pauv tom qab ntawm Lub Ob Hlis 1917, nws, txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv daim ntawv me ntsis hloov pauv, tom qab muaj kev txom nyem ntau, tau rov qab los nyob rau xyoo txaus ntshai thiab muaj koob meej ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj.

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