German txoj kev
Hauv thawj feem ntawm cov khoom siv vuam thev naus laus zis thaum Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Loj, nws tau hais tias yog ib lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm Soviet thev naus laus zis thiab kws tshawb fawb yog qhia txog kev siv tshuab vuam ntawm lub tank hulls thiab yees. Hauv Nazi Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, kev siv lub tshuab tsis siv neeg tsis siv hauv cov chaw tsim khoom tank. Muaj ib qho kev piav qhia tseem ceeb heev rau qhov no - thaum lub sijhawm tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tsov rog, lub tank kev lag luam ntawm Peb Reich tsis tau ntsib qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, suav nrog cov kws kho tshuab. Thiab hauv Soviet Union, thaum lub sijhawm khiav tawm ntawm cov tuam txhab loj mus rau sab hnub tuaj, cov neeg ua haujlwm muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev lag luam tau ploj mus, uas cuam tshuam tsis tsuas yog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev sib dhos tank, tab sis tseem muaj peev xwm tsim tau. Hauv tebchaws Ntsaws Mes Nis, nws tau los txog rau qhov tias thaum vuam lub hulls ntawm "Panthers" thiab "Tigers" tus neeg ua haujlwm tus kheej tau muab cais cais cov nqaws! Engineer V. V. Ardentov sau txog qhov no hauv cov ntaub ntawv "German kev paub txog kev txiav cov cuab yeej thiab vuam lub tank hulls" hauv "Cov ntawv xov xwm ntawm kev lag luam tank" hauv kev yeej xyoo 1945. Nws txoj haujlwm tau ua los ntawm kev kawm ntawm ob lub foob pob ua ntxaij tsim khoom hauv Kirchmeser thiab Brandenburg. Pom tseeb, cov chaw tsim khoom no tuaj yeem them taus cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kws sib txuas sib cais rau cov nqaws sib cais kom txog thaum lub hli dhau los ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog.
Ua ntej vuam lub hulls, daim hlau thaiv tau txiav, uas kom txog thaum xyoo 1942 tau ua tiav cov tshuab. Txhawm rau txiav tawm daim hlau thaiv rau thorn-hauv-thorn sib txuas, nws tau yooj yim dua los siv cov tshuaj acetylene-oxygen txiav, uas tseem tau siv rau qhov xwm txheej zoo sib xws hauv kev lag luam tank Soviet. Nov yog cov neeg Germans tau ua ntej ntawm peb cov neeg tsim khoom tank ob qho tib si hauv kev ua tau zoo thiab zoo ntawm kev txiav. Qhov no feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv cov cuab yeej muaj txiaj ntsig zoo (tshuab txiav roj Messer thiab Grisheim) nrog lub peev xwm los kho qhov tuab ntawm cov phaj phom. Tsis tas li, cov neeg German siv oxygen ntawm qib siab ntawm kev ua kom huv - ntau dua 99%. Thaum kawg, hauv kev txiav cov cuab yeej, cov neeg German tau siv ntau lub teeb, suav nrog rau kev sib tsoo. Cov nplaim txiav txheej txheem nws tus kheej tau siv tshuab - qhov no ua rau nws tuaj yeem ua kom nrawm dua cov txheej txheem thiab ua kom raug ntau dua.
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Raws li koj paub, ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm lub hulls ntawm German tso tsheb hlau luam los ntawm 1942 yog qhov txuas txuas ntawm cov phom phom nrog cov duab plaub lossis oblique spike. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg German tsis txwv rau kev hais lus yooj yim - ntxiv rau, rau lub zog, lub tog raj kheej lossis cov ntsaws tau nkag rau hauv cov pob qij txha. Tshwj xeeb, qhov no tau tshwm sim ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam nruab nrab "Panther", rab phom rau tus kheej "Ferdinand", tus yees hnyav "Tsov" thiab ob peb lub cev ntawm "Maus". Cov plugs no yog cov hlau yob mus txog 80 mm txoj kab uas hla tso rau hauv cov pob qij txha ntawm cov ntawv los koom ua ke tom qab tau sib dhos rau vuam. Cov plugs tau muab tso rau hauv lub dav hlau ntawm cov npoo ntawm qhov ntsia hlau loj ntawm daim hlau phom - ib khub ntawm lawv xav tau rau txhua qhov sib koom ua ke. Qhov tseeb, tom qab teeb tsa cov yuam sij, qhov txuas txuas txuas tau dhau los ua ib thooj txawm tias ua ntej vuam. Hauv qhov no, cov dowels tau muab yaug nrog cov nplaim nrog cov cuab yeej thiab txuas nrog ib puag ncig ntawm lub hauv paus. Qhov txuas txuas ntawm cov phom phom ntawm lub tank hulls tau txhim kho qhov kev tiv thaiv ballistic ntawm ob qho kev sib txuas thiab cov cuab yeej ua rog. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, qhov no tau ua kom ntseeg tau los ntawm kev nce tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm qhov txuas, suav nrog ntu sib cais, uas txo qis me me ntawm kev nthuav tawm ntawm cov kab nrib pleb.
Ib qho teeb meem hauv kev tsim cov hulls ntawm German tso tsheb hlau luam yog kev tsim khoom ntawm kev txiav tawm thiab qhov (piv txwv li, rau cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv pob qij txha hais los saum no). Nws tsis yooj yim sua kom txiav lawv nrog roj av, yog li siv qhov drilling. Thaum pib, rau cov hlau ntawm qib E-18 thiab E-19, uas tau ua raws cov txheej txheem tawv tawv, feem ntau nws tsis yooj yim sua kom pom qhov tsim nyog laum, txheej txheej ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tau dhau los ua nyuaj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov drilling ua ntej quenching, ib qho tsis sib xws quenching tau tsim nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub qhov, ua raws li deformation thiab tawg radial. Yog, thiab muaj qhov tawg ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam German, thiab qhov tseem ceeb, thiab kev siv zog German kom zam lawv yuav tham tom qab. Ib nrab, qhov teeb meem tsis sib thooj ntawm cov cuab yeej ua zog nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub qhov raug daws los ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb cov tshuaj txhuam hniav, uas tau siv los npog lub qhov ua ntej yuav xa mus rau lub cub tawg. Tab sis, dua, qhov no tsuas yog ib nrab daws qhov teeb meem. Nws tsuas yog qhov kawg ntawm 1944 ntawm Electrothermal Institute hauv Essen tias qhov teeb meem no tau daws los ntawm cov txheej txheem kub hauv cheeb tsam ntawm thaj tsam tawv ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rog. Chav tsev, tsim los ntawm cov neeg German, tau piav qhia hauv nws tsab xov xwm los ntawm tus yeej ntawm Stalin Prize, Tus Neeg Sib Tw ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Txuj Ci A. A. Shmykov. Cov ntaub ntawv tau tshaj tawm hauv tsab ntawv tshwj xeeb "Cov Ntawv Tshaj Tawm ntawm Kev Lag Luam Tank", uas yog qhov zais cia rau nws lub sijhawm thiab paub rau peb, thaum kawg xyoo 1945. Nyob rau xyoo tom qab tsov rog, nplooj ntawv ntawm Vestnik tau nplua nuj hauv kev tshuaj xyuas ntxaws ntxaws ntawm cov txuj ci dag ntxias ntawm cov kws tsim txuj ci German, vim tias muaj cov khoom siv txaus txaus.
Tab sis rov qab mus rau hauv zos tso cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv qhov uas lub qhov raug drilled. Lub hauv paus ntawm chav tsev yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob graphite txuas nrog rau qhov chaw drilling, dhau los uas hluav taws xob tam sim no ntawm 220 amperes thiab qhov hluav taws xob ntawm 380 volts tau dhau los. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov cuab yeej ua kom sov tau ua kom sov. Nyob ntawm qhov tuab ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rog thiab txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub qhov, qhov no siv sijhawm li 7 txog 15 feeb. Tom qab cov txheej txheem kub hnyiab, tawv tawv ntawm cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm poob qis 2-2.5 zaug. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas kev lag luam hauv tsev (suav nrog kev lag luam tso tsheb hlau luam) tseem siv cov hlau ua kom sov los ntawm cua sov los ntawm tam sim no - "paub -li cas" ntawm cov neeg German tsuas yog siv cov graphite electrode.
Germans thiab electrodes
Cov neeg German tseem siv sijhawm so thaum vuam cov ntawv ntawm lawv cov tawv tawv tawv tawv nrog cov ntsiab lus carbon hauv thaj tsam ntawm 0.40-0.48%. Qhov no tau paub rau cov kws tshaj lij ntawm TsNII-48 (Armored Institute) thaum ua tsov rog, thaum cov kws ua hlau hlau tab tom nrhiav zaub mov txawv kom txo qis hauv T-34 cov cuab yeej ua rog. Raws li nws tau tshwm sim, Cov Neeg German tso daim hlau thaiv ntawm qhov kub ntawm 500-600 degrees (hnub so siab), thiab tom qab ntawd khi cov cuab yeej ua ntej kom sov txog 150-200 degrees hauv ntau kis. Welders tsis siv cov electrodes nrog txoj kab uas hla ntau dua 5 mm - nyuaj rau ntseeg, muab qhov tuab ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm German tso tsheb hlau luam. Electrodes nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 4 hli ua haujlwm tam sim no ntawm 120-140 amperes, nrog txoj kab uas hla 5-6 hli-140-160 amperes. Cov thev naus laus zis no ua rau nws tsis tuaj yeem ua kom sov qhov chaw txuas. Qhov no txhais tau tias thaj tsam hnyav dua thiab kub dua tau txais. Ib qho ntxiv, tom qab vuam, qhov txias txias qeeb heev - txhua qhov no thaum kawg tso cai rau cov neeg German kom ntau dua lossis tsawg dua ua tiav nrog cov kab nrib pleb hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov pob qij txha txuas. Ib qho ntxiv, austenitic electrodes tau siv feem ntau, uas coj mus rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov hlau txuas thiab nws txoj kev hloov pauv mus ntev rau lub xeev brittle martensitic. Cov kws tsim khoom ntawm TsNII-48 ua tib zoo kawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ntawm cov cuab yeej tso tsheb hlau luam txuas, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm hloov pauv cov txuj ci no mus rau lub voj voog tsim khoom ntawm T-34. Lawm, tsis muaj leej twg hauv kev lag luam tank tuaj yeem muaj peev xwm them taus ntau txheej txheej ntawm kev siv cov hlua txuas thoob plaws lub tank hull, German "paub-yuav ua li cas" tsuas yog siv rau hauv qhov nqes dej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas nws tuaj yeem tawg.
Cov neeg German tau nqa lub vuam ntawm lub tank hulls nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo nyob rau ntawm cov nqaj loj uas tsis muaj cov tacks ua ntej (txawm hais tias qee zaum lawv tseem tau hla 5-hli hluav taws xob hluav taws xob nrog tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm kev sib koom ua ke). Lub tilter yog tus qauv uas, zoo li ntawm spit, lub cev tuag ntawm lub tank German tig ncig lub axis ntev. Tus tsav yog phau ntawv lossis hluav taws xob. Vim yog qhov txiav siab raug, qhov sib txawv nruab nrab ntawm lub cev ua ke ntawm lub rotator tsis pub tshaj (tsawg kawg hauv lub sijhawm tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog) 3-4 hli. Txwv tsis pub, cov txheej txheem hlau tau siv. Cov nqaws ntev tau tawg los ntawm cov kws txuas mus rau ntau qhov me me thiab txuas ib txhij hauv ib qho kev taw qhia. Cov kaw qhov rooj kuj tseem tau txuas los ntawm ob tus neeg sib txuas ua ke ntawm ib leeg. Qhov no ua kom ntseeg tau qhov tsawg kawg ntawm kev ua kom tawv tawv ntawm cov hlau thiab feem ntau sib xws. Raws li ib qho ntawm cov lus dab neeg, hais los ntawm Alexander Volgin hauv cov khoom "Ncej rau German Menagerie", cov nyiaj hli ntawm cov neeg txais khoom ntawm qee lub tuam txhab ntawm Peb Reich tau ua tiav - rau cov hlau loj tso rau hauv lub tank.
Tsis tas yuav tham txog ib qho kev cai tshwj xeeb rau kev tswj ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov kav dej hauv German tank kev lag luam - tsis muaj X -ray, tsis muaj qhov tsis pom kev sib nqus, tsis muaj qhov txheej txheem txheej thaum ub. Thiab muaj cov kab nrib pleb hauv cov nqaws! Yog tias lawv tau ntev txog 100 mm, tom qab ntawd lawv tau av thiab welded, thiab yog tias ntau dua, tom qab ntawd lawv tau yaj nrog cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab tseem welded. Lawv kuj tau ua tib yam nrog pom pom qhov tawg hauv cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb. Los ntawm txoj kev, dhau sijhawm, cov neeg German tau tswj hwm kom txo qhov feem ntawm cov kab nrib pleb hauv cov kab hlau txuas los ntawm 30-40% mus rau 10-20% vim yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab. Kuj tseem siv tau yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov kis hauv ntau qhov sib txuas nrog austenitic thiab ferrite electrodes.
