("Kuv Paris" Ilya Ehrenburg, 1931)
Armor thiab tsev cia puav pheej. Yog li, koj yog tus txiv neej, thiab txhua tus txiv neej tsawg kawg yog tus neeg tua tsiaj me ntawm lub siab, thiab tam sim no koj yuav tsum tau ntsib nrog nws qhov kev zoo nkauj. Thiab txij li koj tau nyeem Dumas txij thaum menyuam yaus, tom qab ntawd koj paub tias tseem muaj Tus Choj Tshiab, Louvre, thiab Luxembourg Palace - qhov qub chaw nyob ntawm Marie de Medici ("Lawv yuav txiav txim siab tias qhov no yog qhov qhia ntawm poj huab tais Niam … - Athos luag), thiab ntau yam ntxiv. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias ib tus neeg tsis tuaj yeem pab tab sis mus ntsib Eiffel Tower, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem pab tab sis sim tsawg kawg nkag mus rau Louvre (sawv nyob rau hauv kab ntawm cov neeg coob coob ntawm Suav nyob rau hnub sov lub caij ntuj sov tsis yog kev sim rau lub plawv tsis muaj zog!) hlawv tawm! "). Tab sis dab tsi ntxiv, thiab tom qab ntawd - koj yuav tsum mus rau Army Museum, uas nyob hauv Invalides, uas tau tsim los ntawm Louis XIV nws tus kheej kom ua neej nyob txhua yam npaj rau cov tub rog ntawm nws kev ua tsov ua rog.
Ntawm no lawv yog - "knights". Raug, yog li hais lus, hauv peb lub siab, cov tub rog ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog, "saw hlau", los ntawm phau ntawv rau qib 6. Tab sis alas, txhua yam tsis zoo li qhov tseeb. Ua ntej peb yog cov cuab yeej ntawm cov txiv neej ntawm caj npab (txawm hais tias nws yuav yog cov neeg muaj peev xwm heev ntawm lawv cov xwm txheej hauv zej zog!) Ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, thiab ib qho uas tsim ntawm sab xis yog tiav ntawm 17th, vim nws tau hnav lub bourguignot kaus mom hlau.
Tau txais yog yooj yim. Paris muaj metro, thiab lub tsev khaws puav pheej no nyob ntawm txhua daim duab qhia chaw. Qee tus neeg qhia yuav ib daim pib ncig tebchaws thiab nqa nws los ntawm xov tooj cua txhua hnub. Yog, koj ua tau. Tab sis … kev paub qhia tau tias rau qee qhov laj thawj cov pib no feem ntau demagnetized. Thiab … koj yuav tsum piav qhia ntawm lub thawv ntawv uas koj yuav, tab sis vim li cas qhov "khoom" no tsis ua haujlwm. Yog li nws zoo dua los ua "zoo li txhua tus neeg."
Koj mus txog lub tsev, thiab … rab phom tooj liab uas tau hloov ntsuab los ntawm lub sijhawm dhau los tab tom saib koj ntawm ob sab ntawm qhov rooj nkag. Mus sab hauv. Muaj ib lub vaj loj loj. Txij li thaum kuv lub ncauj lus yog tub rog, uas yog, "cov neeg hlau", tom qab ntawd … thiab zaj dab neeg yuav hais txog lawv. Kev nkag mus rau lawv qhov kev nthuav tawm yog qhov kawg ntawm lub tshav puam ntawm sab xis. Thiab nyob ntawd … muaj cov chav loj loj nyob ntev, ntawm qhov zoo nkauj heev, nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm qhov uas muaj cov iav tsom iav ntawm tus qauv qub heev ("Niam, niam, niam …") uas muaj cov cuab yeej thiab horsemen.. Cov nees nyob hauv qab lawv tsis zoo ib yam li hauv peb Hermitage, uas yog, lawv tsis tau npog nrog "tawv nqaij", tab sis tsuas yog pleev xim rau, tab sis tsis muaj cov plaub hau me me ntawm lawv ib yam.
Tab sis peb pib nrog chav me me uas cov cuab yeej thiab riam phom ntawm Hnub Nyoog Bronze thiab Hnub Nyoog Hlau Thaum Ntxov tau nthuav tawm. Thiab ntawm no, txawm hais tias tsis muaj ntau qhov khoom pov thawj hauv chav, peb yuav muaj qee yam pom.
Ntxiv mus, thov nco ntsoov tias tsis yog txhua txhua rab riam muaj qhov thav duab rivets hauv qhov chaw uas cov hniav hla mus rau hauv tus kov. Vim li cas lawv, tom qab tag nrho, cov hniav tuaj pwm ua ke nrog tus kov? Thiab qhov no yog pov thawj ntawm inertia, qhov inertia txaus ntshai ntawm tib neeg kev xav. Thaum xub thawj, tsuas yog cov hniav nws tus kheej yog hlau, thiab tus tes yog ntoo. Thiab cov hniav tau muab tso rau hauv lub qhov ntawm tus kov thiab txuas nrog rivets nrog lub taub hau convex. Tab sis … thaum muaj ntau cov hlau thiab cov tuav tau muab pov rau tib lub sijhawm zoo li cov hniav, cov rivets tseem nyob. Thiab rau txhiab xyoo, kev tsim cov ntaj tooj liab thiab rab riam tsis tau hloov pauv!
Thiab ntawm no yog lwm yam uas kuv ib txwm nyiam ntau heev thiab nws yog lub sijhawm los ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev nthuav tawm txhua yam MUSEUM, suav nrog tsev cia puav pheej hauv peb lub tebchaws: muaj qhov rov ua dua ntawm lub kaus mom Greek thaum ub. Ntawd yog, koj tuaj yeem pom yuav ua li cas qee yam no, uas tau tig ntsuab nrog lub sijhawm, saib tshiab. Thiab, koj yuav tsum lees, koj tam sim pib kho txhua qhov kev tshawb pom no txawv. Thiab, tau kawg, nws yuav zoo tag nrho yog tias qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub tuam txhab muaj tam sim ntawd, uas tuaj yeem luam theej tawm ntawm ib qho ntawm cov khoom pov thawj nthuav tawm ntawm no rau tus nqi tsim nyog.
Qhov teeb meem ntawm no thiab hauv txhua lub tsev khaws puav pheej txhua qhov chaw yog tias yog peb mus ntxiv thiab txuas ntxiv los ntawm tam sim no mus rau yav dhau los, ces peb yuav muaj teeb meem nrog cov khoom pov thawj. Vim li cas, piv txwv li, puas muaj ntau yam tooj liab nyob hauv tsev cia puav pheej? Vim tias tib neeg raug faus nrog nws! Thiab nyob hauv Nrab Hnub nyoog muaj kev ntseeg Vajtswv thiab tib neeg raug faus rau hauv daim npog ntsej muag. Yog li ntawd, muaj cov khoom siv hlau tsawg heev ntawm Hnub Nyoog Kawg.
Hmoov tsis zoo, kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej qub. Ntawd yog, qub, txawm tias zoo nkauj, nthuav tawm, qias neeg, qub, teeb pom kev thiab … ib txwm ua tiav kev kos npe, qhov twg, txawm li cas los xij, muaj cov ntawv tsis yog lus Fab Kis nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj yog lus Askiv, thiab hauv German, tab sis … tab sis - qhov kev piav qhia ntawm cov khoom pov thawj nws tus kheej yog ua lus Fab Kis.
Thiab yog tias koj tsis paub Fab Kis thiab keeb kwm ntawm kev sib tw, tom qab ntawv sau luv luv ua lus Askiv yuav qhia rau tus qhua me ntsis. Qhov no yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej no. Loj heev! Lub Vienna Arsenal tsis tau teeb tsa, qhov uas feem ntau ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv raug nthuav tawm thiab qhov pom kev zoo nkauj. Muaj tseeb, tseem muaj cov neeg caij nees ntawm cov tub rog nyob ntawm no, tab sis … vim li cas lawv thiaj li tsis ua tiav. Ntawd yog, koj tsis tuaj yeem mus rau lawv hauv txhua txoj kev.
1500 xyoo. Ib hom pib ntawm "lub sijhawm hloov pauv" (lwm qhov!) Hauv keeb kwm ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rog. Ntse-toed khau ploj thiab cov khau-paw tshwm. Muaj kev faib loj heev ntawm daim pam hauv daim pam ("mittens"), thiab tsis yog hnab looj tes. Thaum kawg, lub npe nrov "Maximilian armor" tshwm nrog cov yam ntxwv zoo ib yam thoob plaws lawv saum npoo thiab … du greaves hauv qab lub hauv caug! Muaj, cov grooves, pom tseeb, tsis xav tau ntxiv lawm. Thawj "cov ris tsho hnav ris tsho" kuj tseem tshwm sim, tab sis lawv tsim nyog cais cov dab neeg …
Tau kawg, Tsev khaws puav pheej Tub Rog muaj ntau yam cuab yeej rau kev sib tw thiab, ib zaug ntxiv, cov uas tau tshwm sim tom qab 1500. Thiab nws yog qhov tseeb vim li cas! Lawv cov nqi tsuas yog poob qis. Tias yog vim li cas lawv tau saib xyuas zoo heev thiab … yog li lawv tau muaj txoj sia nyob rau peb lub sijhawm. Koj tuaj yeem sib piv lawv nrog cov uas tau nthuav tawm hauv Vienna Arsenal thiab nws yuav dhau los ua tseeb tias yog tias ua ntej tag nrho cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv yog tus kheej nruj me ntsis, tam sim no lawv tau pib ua yuav luag los ntawm txoj kev ntws. Thiab yog vim li cas? Yog lawm, vim tias tsis muaj leej twg saib tiag tiag ntawm cov cuab yeej nws tus kheej rau tib Gestech lossis Rennen! Peb tau saib ntawm lub kaus mom hlau dai kom zoo nkauj, cov plaub hau daj daj, cov pam pam nees thiab … daim tiab pleated ntawm cov neeg caij lawv tus kheej. Tom qab txhua qhov zoo nkauj no, hlau tau siv tsis pom. Tab sis rau cov riam phom sib tw uas tau siv, yog li tham, "liab qab", koj tuaj yeem pom hauv cov qauv tsim, thiab kos duab, thiab ua kom dub, thiab pleev xim rau - txhua yam kev ua tiav, yog tias tsuas yog … nws yog "zoo nkauj"!
Raws li koj paub, dhau sijhawm, qhov hu ua "Italian rennen", uas yog, rennen nrog cov teeb meem, tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam heev. Cov hmuv rau qhov kev sib tw no tau hnyav, ua los ntawm ntoo poplar. Yog li ntawd, lawv tawg yooj yim. Nws yog lub sijhawm sib tw zoo li lub Rau Hli 30, 1559 uas Vaj Ntxwv Henry II ntawm Fab Kis raug mob. Nws twb swb nws peb tus neeg sib tw, tab sis nws xav tawm tsam nrog Gabriel de Montgomery, tus tswv de Lorge. Thiab ntawm no, tom qab kev sib tsoo, qhov sib tsoo ntawm Montgomery tus hmuv poob rau hauv qhov pom ntawm tus vaj ntxwv lub kaus mom hlau thiab nkag mus tob hauv nws qhov muag. Tau kawg, lawv tau tshem nws, tab sis kev kis mob tau pib, los ntawm Heinrich tuag thaum Lub Xya Hli 10 ntawm tib lub xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib tw German tau txaus ntshai dua. Piv txwv li, tib yam "kev sib tw dawb", uas siv "tarch nrog daim phiaj". Nov yog cov lus qhia ntse tsis tuaj yeem plam nws tawm, vim qhov uas tus neeg caij tsheb yuav ya tawm ntawm lub eeb los ntawm kev qhia kom raug.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus swb los ntawm kev ua kom nws lub raum puas tsuaj thaum ntog, lub eeb rau hom kev sib tw no tsis muaj lub nraub qaum. Yog li, tsis muaj dab tsi tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev poob ntawm tus nees. Tab sis nws zoo li cas rau nws kom poob rau hauv av (txawm tias yog ntawm cov xuab zeb!) Hauv cov cuab yeej hnyav txog li 50 kg?
Nyob ib ncig ntawm 1515, ob txhais ceg hauv kev sib tw ua tiav tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv, siv cov ntaub thaiv npog txuas rau lub eeb kom npog lawv. Tab sis … qhov hnyav ntawm cov cuab yeej nws tus kheej tsis txo. Piv txwv li Liliana thiab Fred Funken, sau hais tias qhov hnyav ntawm cov cuab yeej zoo li no tau pib txog 70 thiab txawm tias 80 kg. Tab sis qhov hnyav ntawm rab hmuv tuaj yeem sib npaug li 12-15 kg!
Raws li rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov cuab yeej sib ntaus sib tua, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv corrugated tau tso tseg hauv Ltalis ib puag ncig 1520, thiab ib puag ncig 1540 hauv Tebchaws Yelemees. Tab sis nyob ib ncig ntawm 1530, cov hnab looj tes nrog cov ntiv tes txav tau rov los ua qauv, yog li nws yuav yooj yim dua los ntawm rab phom. Nyob ib ncig ntawm 1550, pem hauv ntej ntawm cuirass tau txais tus yam ntxwv zoo li lub ntsej muag zoo li tus, thiab cais cov neeg tiv thaiv zoo li tsis siv lub qub "tiab". Ntawd yog, nws yog qhov yooj yim heev kom paub qhov txawv cov cuab yeej siv lig los ntawm cov thaum ntxov. Muaj "daim tiab" ua los ntawm hoops, ua rau nws zoo li ib yam ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws khob khob - cov cuab yeej ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th. Muaj cov neeg tiv thaiv nrog kev txiav rau "txiv neej" - nws txhais tau tias twb yog xyoo pua 16th lawm. thiab tsis yog hnub tim 16, tab sis tom qab 1550!
Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub sijhawm no, lossis tseem me ntsis ua ntej, cov cuab yeej npog nrog cov xim dub lossis xiav tuaj rau hauv kev nyiam.
