Cov kaus mom Lavxias nrog cov ntawv sau hauv Arabic ua pov thawj dab tsi?

Cov txheej txheem:

Cov kaus mom Lavxias nrog cov ntawv sau hauv Arabic ua pov thawj dab tsi?
Cov kaus mom Lavxias nrog cov ntawv sau hauv Arabic ua pov thawj dab tsi?

Video: Cov kaus mom Lavxias nrog cov ntawv sau hauv Arabic ua pov thawj dab tsi?

Video: Cov kaus mom Lavxias nrog cov ntawv sau hauv Arabic ua pov thawj dab tsi?
Video: Lig Pob tsuas xyooj nkauj tawm tshiab 2022-2023 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hiav txwv ntawm kev ua phem phem tiv thaiv tej cuab yeej ua rog, thiab cov tub rog ntawm lawv yog ntxhab kom phim lub toj.

Yuav ua kom tiav txhua qhov kev nyuaj siab thiab thaj av yuav sib npaug

thiab cov roob yuav tawg zoo li cov hlaws dai ntawm txoj hlua.

Thiab cov ntsej muag ntawm cov tub rog tau npog nrog ntaj, cov ntsiab lus hmuv tau teeb tsa. Kuv tuaj yeem nkag siab lawv tsab ntawv.

Nws tsa tus tsov ntxhuav lub paws saum cov saw xa ntawv, thiab cov tub rog mloog nws tus nab nab.

Arabian yug thiab chij thiab nees, thiab cov cuab yeej ua rog, thiab cov tshuaj lom ntawm cov xub, nqa tus kab mob mus rau cov yeeb ncuab.

Arab kws sau paj huam Abu Nuwas thiab al-Mutanabbi, 915-965

Piv txwv ntawm cov khoom siv kab lis kev cai ntawm ib puas xyoo dhau los. Tsis ntev dhau los, tsab xov xwm tau tshaj tawm ntawm "VO", uas yog hais txog … tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas nws tau sau nyob ntawd tias cov ntawv sau hauv Arabic ntawm "lub kaus mom hlau ntawm Alexander Nevsky" ua pov thawj qee yam. Thiab lawv tsis ua pov thawj dab tsi, txij li lub kaus mom hlau ntawm Alexander Nevsky zoo li tsis muaj nyob. Thiab qhov tseeb uas tsis muaj nyob tsis tuaj yeem ua pov thawj dab tsi! Tab sis peb puas muaj lub kaus mom hlau nrog cov ntawv sau hauv Arabic hauv peb lub tsev khaws puav pheej? Zoo, cia peb hais hauv tib lub Kremlin Armory? Muaj! Thiab lawv ua pov thawj dab tsi? Thiab tam sim no peb yuav qhia koj txog qhov no.

Cov kaus mom Lavxias nrog cov ntawv sau hauv Arabic ua pov thawj dab tsi?
Cov kaus mom Lavxias nrog cov ntawv sau hauv Arabic ua pov thawj dab tsi?

Tsis yog tus hlob, tab sis nto moo tshaj plaws

Cia peb pib nrog qhov tseeb tias tsawg heev cov kaus mom hlau thaum ub ua los ntawm cov hlau tau muaj txoj sia nyob. Thiab nws yog qhov tseeb vim li cas. Sai li koj nres tu lub kaus mom hlau zoo li no, nws tau noj los ntawm xeb.

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Nov yog lub kaus mom hlau ntawm Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich - tsuas yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom cuav no. Qhov no yog Qub Lavxias lub kaus mom hlau, uas yog ib txwm muaj rau hnub thib ob ntawm lub 12 lossis thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th. Niaj hnub no nws tau nthuav tawm hauv Armory Chamber ntawm Moscow Kremlin, thiab tau txiav txim siab ncaj ncees yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam caj npab hauv tebchaws. Nws ua haujlwm zoo thiab zoo nkauj tiag tiag.

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Tus kws tshawb fawb nto moo Lavxias A. N. Kirpichnikov, uas tau tsim cov qauv ntawm cov riam phom Lavxias qub thiab cov kaus mom hlau, suav nrog, ntaus nqi nws rau hom IV. Thiab nws tseem hais ntxiv tias nws yog lub kaus mom hlau uas dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov khoom cuav thawj zaug, los ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb txog Russia qub txeeg qub teg.

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Keeb kwm ntawm nws qhov kev tshawb pom tau ntev dhau los dhau los ua ib hom dab neeg hauv Lavxias archaeology. Lawv hais tias qee tus neeg nyob hauv lub zos Lykova A. Larionova, uas sawv ze ntawm lub nroog Yuriev-Podolsky, tau poob rau xyoo 1808 mus rau tom hav zoov kom "pinch txiv ntoo". Kuv tau mus, thiab kuv pom lub kaus mom hlau nyob hauv qhov tsoo ze ntawm tsob ntoo walnut, thiab hauv qab nws tseem muaj cov saw xa ntawv. Thiab tus poj niam ua liaj ua teb coj nws mus nrhiav tus thawj coj hauv lub zos, vim tias muaj daim duab dawb huv ntawm lub kaus mom hlau, thiab nws tau muab rau tus npis sov. Thiab lub kaus mom hlau thaum kawg mus txog Alexander kuv tus kheej, thiab nws muab nws mus kawm ntawm Academy of Arts. Peb tau kawm lub kaus mom hlau ntev thiab txiav txim siab tias nws yog lub kaus mom ntawm Leej Txiv Alexander Nevsky, uas nws tau ua, feem ntau yuav yog, ntawm ob peb daim hlau (nws tsis tuaj yeem paub tseeb), thiab kuj tau hloov pauv tas li.

Lub kaus mom hlau tau dai nrog lub hauv pliaj pliaj daim duab ntawm tus thawj tubtxib saum ntuj Michael, thiab tseem muaj cov ntawv sau hauv Cyrillic: "Pab koj tus tub qhe Theodore los pab Archangel Michael." A. N. Kirpichnikov ntseeg tias lub kaus mom hlau no tuaj yeem hloov pauv tsawg kawg peb zaug, thiab txawm tias ua ntej nws poob rau hauv Yaroslav txhais tes, nws muaj lwm tus tswv. Raws li keeb kwm K. A. Zhukov, lub kaus mom hlau tsis tau txiav rau qhov muag, thiab nws tau ua tam sim ntawd nrog ib nrab daim npog qhov ncauj. N. V. Chebotarev, tus sau ntawm cov lus ntxim nyiam "Lub kaus mom hlau ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Yaroslav Vsevolodovich", taw qhia tias lub hauv pliaj icon npog ib feem ntawm cov ntawv sau, thiab qhov no, hauv kev xav, tsis tuaj yeem yog txhua yam ntawm cov kaus mom hlau tau ua tiav.

Movie kaus mom hlau

Raws li menyuam yaus, cov tub ntxhais hluas Alexander tsis ntseeg yam dab tsi hauv nws txiv "txoj cai tub rog" thiab sim nws lub kaus mom hlau ntawm nws tus kheej. Qhov no lossis qee qhov, dua, tsis muaj teeb meem. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb npaum li cas "Yaroslav Vsevolodovich lub kaus mom hlau" yog qhov zoo ntawm nws lub sijhawm. Hais tias nws yog txhua lub kaus mom hlau uas peb cov tub rog muaj … nws tsis yooj yim sua vim qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom siv hauv paus. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj ib yam uas ua tsis tau hauv qhov no. Nws tsuas yog cov tub rog ib txwm yooj yim dua: tus tub huabtais muaj cov duab ntawm Archangel Michael ntawm nws lub kaus mom hlau, thiab cov tub rog zoo tib yam, feem ntau yuav muaj lub kaus mom hlau txaus.

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Los ntawm txoj kev, nws tau nrog lub kaus mom hlau no uas tau tsim ob lub kaus mom hlau (los ntawm txoj kev, vim li cas ob leeg thiab vim li cas nws hnav lawv tib lub sijhawm?) Rau kev ua yeeb yaj kiab zaj dab neeg "Alexander Nevsky". Lub kaus mom hlau zoo li tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov txaus ntshai thiab ua rau neeg ntshai, nyob rau hauv uas nws tau tawm tsam ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua - nrog ib nrab daim npog qhov ncauj thiab ncaj lub qhov ntswg. Thiab tom qab ntawd lawv tau pib luam tawm daim npav ntawm daim npav uas tus tub huabtais Alexander tau piav qhia hauv "cine helmet". Thiab vim tias lawv tau luam tawm hauv ntau txhiab daim ntawv, nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob uas peb tau xav ntev lawm tias "lub kaus mom hlau cine" tau ua qauv raws li qhov muaj tiag, txawm hais tias qhov no tsis yog txhua qhov.

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Lub kaus mom hlau ntawm Ivan qhov txaus ntshai thiab nws tus tub

Raws li lub sijhawm dhau mus, kev ua tub rog hloov pauv, cov cuab yeej ua kom zoo dua qub thiab cov kaus mom hlau thaum kawg tau kawm tsim los ntawm ib daim ntawv. Qhov no yog li ntawd, peb ntseeg dua los ntawm cov khoom pov thawj ntawm Armory Chamber thiab Stockholm Armory Chamber, uas muaj lub kaus mom hlau ntawm Tsar … Ivan qhov txaus ntshai! Thawj thawj zaug, lub kaus mom hlau ntawm Ivan the Terrible tau hais hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Royal Arsenal hauv Stockholm xyoo 1663, tab sis nws mus txog qhov twg, txoj hmoo twg tsis paub.

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Piv txwv li, nws yog "lub plhaub", uas yog lub kaus mom hlau loj uas muaj lub ntsej muag ntev. Hauv qhov kev piav qhia ntawm lub kaus mom hlau hauv Royal Arsenal nws tau sau: qhov siab - 380 hli, qhov siab tshaj 190 mm, lub kaus mom hlau hnyav 1180 g. Lub kaus mom hlau no zoo ib yam li cov khoom pov thawj los ntawm Metropolitan Museum of Art hauv New York.

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Tab sis dab tsi tau sau txog lub kaus mom hlau hauv daim duab yav dhau los hauv daim ntawv nkag nrog hauv Metropolitan Tsev khaws puav pheej: Lub kaus mom hlau uas muaj lub ntsej muag zoo heev no tsim nyog tau txais kev saib xyuas zoo li piv txwv ntawm lub kaus mom hlau uas tau hnav hauv Iran thiab Russia nyob rau xyoo lig 15th thiab thaum ntxov xyoo pua 16th. Cov kaus mom hlau zoo li no, tau piav qhia hauv cov duab me me, feem ntau yog dai kom zoo nrog tus cwj mem me me uas txuas nrog lub qhov taub. Kab lis kev cai: yav qab teb Lavxias lossis Iran. Khoom siv: hlau, hlau, tooj liab hlau, tawv. Qhov ntev: qhov siab 46.7 cm; luj 1560g.

Nws yog qhov txaus siab tias ntawm lub kaus mom hlau ntawm Ivan qhov txaus ntshai muaj cov ntawv sau ua lus Arabic, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov ntawv sau Lavxias nrog cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no: "Lub plhaub ntawm Prince Ivan Vasilyevich, Grand Duke, tus tub ntawm Vasily Ivanovich, tus tswv ntawm txhua lub tebchaws Russia, kev ywj pheej. " Tab sis Tub Vaj Ntxwv Ivan Vasilyevich tau los ua Tsar thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1547, thaum nws muaj 16 xyoos. Yog li lub kaus mom hlau thiab cov ntawv sau no tau ua ua ntej, uas yog, rau cov tseem hluas Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich! Thiab nws puas tsim nyog rau lub taub hau ntawm tus vaj ntxwv uas paub tab, thiab yog tias tsis yog, nws tau muab rau leej twg, thiab leej twg hnav nws tom qab? Pom tseeb, txoj haujlwm yog sab hnub tuaj, tab sis … hloov pauv los ntawm tus tswv Lavxias rau qhov xav tau ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas txoj cai.

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Lub kaus mom hlau uas yog los ntawm Tsarevich Ivan Ivanovich, tus tub ntawm Ivan the Terrible, zoo li lub kaus mom hlau ntawm nws txiv, nws yog tib yam txhob lo lo ntxhuav, tab sis nws tsis zoo nkauj heev. Tab sis nws tseem muaj cov ntawv sau ua lus Lavxias, uas nws tau sau tias nws tau ua los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm tus tub huabtais thiab Tsar John Vasilyevich rau nws tus tub John Ioannovich thaum lub caij ntuj sov 7065 (1557) Lub Rau Hli hnub tim 8.

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Thaum kawg peb tau mus rau lub kaus mom hlau tsis zoo ntawm Alexander Nevsky, uas yog lub kaus mom hlau ntawm Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich. Thaum xub thawj, lawv hais tias, nws yog Alexander Nevsky, thiab tom qab ntawd nws tau rov qab ua thawj tsar-txiv los ntawm tsev neeg Romanov. Qhov no tau hais ntev lawm. Tab sis nws pom tseeb tias lub kaus mom hlau tau ua nyob rau xyoo 17th. Thiab muaj cov ntawv Arabic sau rau nws, uas txhais lus ntxaws li: "Thov tus neeg ncaj ncees nrog kev cog lus ntawm kev pab los ntawm Allah thiab yeej sai." Tab sis tseem muaj cov duab ntawm Tus Thawj Tub Rog Michael. Qhov ntawd tsuas yog hais tias lub kaus mom hlau no yog nyob sab hnub tuaj, feem ntau yog ua haujlwm Turkish, thiab tau nthuav tawm rau Mikhail Fedorovich, uas tom qab ntawv xaj kom ntxiv cov cim ntseeg rau nws. Hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Kev Txiav Txim Armory, muaj kev hais txog tus kws ua phom Nikita Davydov, uas tau pleev xim rau lub kaus mom hlau thaum lub sijhawm ntawd thiab tau txais kev them nyiaj zoo rau qhov no.

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Thiab txhua qhov no ua pov thawj tsuas yog thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, ntxiv rau hauv xyoo pua 17th, kev ua tiav ntawm riam phom Turkish thiab kev txawj ntawm Turkish armourers ua rau lawv nrov heev hauv Europe, thiab Russia tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb. Lub kaus mom hlau, yushmans thiab bakhters, lub kaus mom hlau thiab sabers, ntxiv rau daim ntaub thaiv thiab rab phom, lub eeb thiab cov hlua khi ntawm cov khoom lag luam Turkish tau raug khawb ua khoom plig thiab yuav thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb.

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