Hovburg Palace. Ephesian marble thiab tooj dag

Hovburg Palace. Ephesian marble thiab tooj dag
Hovburg Palace. Ephesian marble thiab tooj dag

Video: Hovburg Palace. Ephesian marble thiab tooj dag

Video: Hovburg Palace. Ephesian marble thiab tooj dag
Video: Tswv Yexus lub neej thaum pib txug thaum xaus 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim
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Kuv zaj nkauj yog rau Artemis, tua kub thiab nyiam suab nrov, Ib tug nkauj xwb uas tsim nyog, caum mos lwj, hlub xub, Rau tus niam-niam tsev ntawm kub-plated Phoebus-tswv.

Thaum mus yos hav zoov, nws nyob ntawm qhov siab qhib rau cua …

Homer. Anthem rau Artemis

Ancient kev vam meej. Cov huab cua ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv nyob rau qhov tseeb qhov tseeb ntawm lo lus hnov tsw ntawm lub hiav txwv thiab lub hnub. Thiab nws ib txwm zoo li qhov no, txawm tias thaum tsis muaj leej twg tau hnov txog ib qho Turks ntawm no. Tab sis txhua tus tau hnov txog cov neeg Greek. Thiab ntawm no lawv tau muaj ntau, qhov tseeb, tag nrho ntawm Asia Me Me yog ntawm lawv, thiab ntug dej hiav txwv yog Greek txawm tias ua ntej Greco-Persian kev tsov kev rog. Thiab nws nyob ntawm no uas lub nroog Efexaus ib zaug sawv, uas yog ib lub nroog tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov qub qub. Nws nyob ntawm no uas Tuam Tsev Artemis sawv, uas yog ib ntawm xya qhov kev xav hauv ntiaj teb. Lub nroog no tseem yog qhov chaw yug ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb Heraclitus, ntxiv rau yog ib lub zej zog ntseeg thaum ntxov tshaj plaws. Hauv Roman lub sijhawm, Efexaus tau dhau los ua lub peev ntawm cov neeg Esxias xeev nrog cov pejxeem txog 200,000. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj tau mus ntsib qhov chaw uas lub nroog no sawv, ces koj yuav tsis pom ob lub ruins ntawm lub tuam tsev dab neeg lossis ib qho puas ntsoog uas puas tsuaj. Ib kab lus nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm thaj teb, thiab nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm nws yog zes ntawm tsev neeg ntawm cov noog. Qhov ntawd yog txhua yam uas tshuav ntawm txhua qhov zoo nkauj thaum ub rau ntau yam laj thawj. Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau saib cov monuments ntawm Efexaus puag thaum ub, niaj hnub no nws tsis tas yuav tsum tau mus rau Turkey. Niaj hnub no koj tuaj yeem ntsib lawv hauv nruab nrab Tebchaws Europe, hauv Vienna, qhov chaw tshwj xeeb sau los ntawm cov khoom qub thaum ub los ntawm lub nroog no tau nthuav tawm hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Hovburg Palace. Zoo, hnub no peb yuav qhia koj txog lawv yog dab tsi thiab raws nraim li cas lawv tau mus rau Vienna.

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Thiab nws tau tshwm sim tias tom qab Schliemann tau tshawb pom hauv Tebchaws Europe, muaj kev txaus siab ntau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Ancient Greece tau sawv los, yog li ntawd Greece thiab Turkey tau raug dej nyab los ntawm European cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm. Tab sis yog Schliemann tau tshoov siab los ntawm Homer tsis txawj tuag Iliad, tom qab ntawd muaj ib tug txiv neej ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm yav dhau los uas, ob peb xyoos ua ntej nws, tsuas yog muaj kev tshoov siab los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm yav dhau los txog lub tuam tsev ntawm … Artemis hauv Efexaus.

Thiab tam sim no tau tshoov siab los ntawm nws txoj kev paub txog qhov loj me, qhov tseem ceeb thiab muaj nyiaj ntawm Tuam Tsev ntawm Artemis, kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm Askiv John Turtle Wood, uas koom tes nrog Tsev khaws puav pheej Askiv, tuaj yeem rov tshawb pom qhov chaw qub no hauv xyoo 1869. Tab sis tsis zoo rau qhov kev cia siab, daim ntawv teev cov khoom pom tau dhau los ua qhov qub uas qhov kev khawb av ntawm no tau nres sai. Thiab vim li cas thiaj nkag siab. Tsis pom - tsis muaj nyiaj! Ntawd yog, cov neeg Askiv tsis muaj hmoo nyob ntawd. Tab sis … tab sis tsis ntev lawv tau muaj hmoo hauv lwm qhov chaw, Schliemann tau ua tiav khawb Troy, thiab nws tau muab tawm tias Austrian cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm, uas, ntawm chav kawm, kuj tau mus rau tim Nkij teb chaws, tau txais tsuas yog cov kob ntawm Samothrace, uas lawv, qhov xwm txheej, ua tiav tshawb hauv xyoo 1873 thiab 1875.

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Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau siv nees nkaum xyoo ua ntej Austro-Hungarian huab tais txiav txim siab los ua qhov kev tshawb fawb loj nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Mediterranean sab hnub tuaj, tau txais ib lub thawv ntim zaub mov dawb los ntawm tsoomfwv Turkey rau kev khawb, thiab los ntawm 1895, uas yog, tom qab ntau dua li lwm lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe, pib tshawb fawb ntawm qhov chaw. Efexaus puag thaum ub. Tab sis qhov ntxim nyiam tshaj plaws yog qhov haujlwm no tseem nyob ntawm no thiab niaj hnub no, nrog rau kev siv zog ntawm txhua tus tib neeg keeb kwm keeb kwm Austrian. Thiab cov kev khawb av, uas tau tshwm sim ntawm no ntau dua ib puas xyoo (txawm hais tias lawv tau cuam tshuam los ntawm ob lub ntiaj teb kev tsov rog), tseem tseem muab cov lus teb rau ntau cov lus nug hais txog lub nroog qub no.

Hovburg Palace. Ephesian marble thiab tooj dag
Hovburg Palace. Ephesian marble thiab tooj dag

Qhov tseeb tias cov neeg Austrians tuaj yeem nyob hauv cheeb tsam Efexaus tau ntev li ntawd thiab ua haujlwm nyob rau ntawd kom zoo thiab ua tib zoo, tau kawg, tau txi txiv. Txog rau xyoo 1906, ntau qhov pom ntawm tus nqi tshwj xeeb tau coj tuaj rau Vienna, uas niaj hnub no tuaj yeem pom hauv Ephesian Tsev khaws puav pheej, cov ntawv ntxiv rau kev sau ntawm Greek thiab Roman cov khoom qub.

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Cov khoom cuav tshaj plaws: Parthian monument, Amazon los ntawm lub thaj ntawm Artemis, tus mlom tooj liab ntawm tus ncaws pob tu nws tus kheej tom qab kev sib tw, thiab menyuam yaus nrog goose.

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Tab sis qhov no tsuas yog ib feem ntawm kev sau Ephesian pob zeb nthuav dav ntawm cov khoom ntawm Ephesian Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Tsev fuabtais tshiab ntawm Hovburg Palace.

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Txawm li cas los xij, ntxiv rau kev nqis peev cov haujlwm no, qhov kev txhawb siab ntxiv rau lawv kev coj ua yog kev pom zoo ntawm Ottoman Empire thiab Austria. Qhov tseeb yog tias Sultan Abdul Hamid II tau ua lub txiaj ntsig zoo rau Emperor Franz Joseph: nws tau nthuav tawm ntau yam khoom qub uas tau tshawb pom los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb mus rau lub tsev huab tais, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm coj lawv tawm ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv tau zoo thiab … rov sau dua tshiab ntawm Hovburg hauv Vienna.

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Tus nqi ntawm kev pom tau zoo heev uas lawv xa los ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv mus rau Austria tau nqa los ntawm cov nkoj ntawm Austrian navy. Thaum xub thawj lawv tau khaws cia (thiab nthuav tawm ib ntus!) Hauv Lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Theseus hauv Volksgarten. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab tshaj tawm txoj cai 1907 Turkish Antiquities Law, kev xa tawm cov khoom qub los ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv tau txwv; tsis muaj qhov kev tshawb pom ntxiv no tau tshaj tawm rau Vienna.

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Tom qab sau tau khaws cia hauv ntau chav hloov pauv tau ntau xyoo, Vienna Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Ephesus tau qhib rau nws daim ntawv tam sim no thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1978 hauv ntu "Tsev fuabtais tshiab" ntawm Hofburg complex. Cov neeg tuaj saib tau nthuav tawm nrog kev xaiv zoo heev ntawm Roman cov duab puab uas ib zaug tau dai rau pej xeem cov tuam tsev ntawm Efexaus thaum lub sijhawm Roman, suav nrog kev da dej kom sov thiab Ephesian ua yeeb yam. Tus lej ntawm cov qauv vaj huam sib luag muab cov duab tiav ntawm qhov zoo nkauj uas cov tsev Roman, feem ntau nrog cov ntsej muag zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, tau ua tiav, thiab kev teeb tsa ntawm lub nroog qub tso cai nkag siab zoo dua ntawm cov khoom sib xws hauv nws cov toj roob hauv pes. Nrog rau txhua qhov no, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sau yog qhov hu ua Parthian monument, thiab kab lus ntawm Roman nyem, tshwj xeeb hauv qhov loj me thiab hauv lawv cov khoom siv tes ua.

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Kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb pom los ntawm Efexaus hnub no tau ua tiav los ntawm kev koom tes ze ntawm University of Vienna, Austrian Academy of Sciences thiab Austrian Archaeological Institute. Los ntawm txoj kev, hauv Qaib Cov Txwv nws tus kheej, kev puas tsuaj ntawm Ephesus thiab lub tsev khaws puav pheej hauv nroog tau ntsib los ntawm kwv yees li ob lab tus neeg ncig tebchaws txhua xyoo. Thiab niaj hnub no nws yog qhov chaw nyiam tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws tom qab Hagia Sophia thiab Topkapi Palace hauv Istanbul. Zoo, Tsev khaws puav pheej Ephesus hauv nroog yog qhov tseem ceeb ntxiv rau kev nthuav qhia Austrian hauv Vienna.

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Yog li Ephesus Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Tsev fuabtais tshiab ntawm Vienna Hovburg Palace Tsev khaws puav pheej yog qhov txaus siab rau cov neeg paub tseeb ntawm cov duab puab qub thiab kos duab. Qhov tseeb yog tias tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm kev sau yog nyob hauv nws chav loj, yog li txhua qhov ntawm nws cov khoom pov thawj tuaj yeem tshuaj xyuas tau zoo tshaj plaws.

P. S. Cov thawj coj ntawm lub xaib thiab tus sau xav qhia lawv txoj kev ris txiaj rau tus thawj coj ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej, Dr. Georg Plattner, rau kev tso cai siv cov ntaub ntawv yees duab los ntawm Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna.

Pom zoo: