Txij li lub sijhawm tsis muaj npe "perestroika", keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb tau dhau los ua thaj chaw ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua nom tswv, uas feem ntau tsis yog los ntawm cov kws paub keeb kwm yav dhau los, tab sis tseem muaj ntau tus "keeb kwm keeb kwm" uas tsis muaj kev paub txog qib pib. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshaj xov xwm kev tsov kev rog yog txhawm rau hloov pauv lub siab ntawm lub tebchaws, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj hauv "lub siab tsis ncaj" ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Lavxias, rhuav tshem lub teb chaws tus phab ej thiab tsim "kev paub keeb kwm tshiab."
Nws tsis yog qhov xwm txheej uas ob peb xyoos dhau los, tus kws sau keeb kwm keeb kwm hauv tebchaws Ukrainian, kws qhia ntawv Pyotr Tolochko, tau hais meej meej tias "nyob rau lub sijhawm tam sim no, thaum keeb kwm tau dhau los ua ntau tus neeg nyiam ua haujlwm uas tsis muaj lub luag haujlwm paub keeb kwm, lossis txoj hauv kev kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb ntawm cov peev txheej, lossis lub luag haujlwm rau yam uas tau hais los lawm, kev rhuav tshem ntawm tsoomfwv txoj cai lij choj thiab phau ntawv qhia hauv keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb tau dhau los ua lawv txoj haujlwm nyiam tshaj plaws."
Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li tus paub keeb kwm niaj hnub no, xibfwb Boris Mironov, tau sau tseg qhov yog, tsis ntev los no, raws li txheej txheem kev coj noj coj ua niaj hnub uas hloov pauv "keeb kwm" keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm, qhov cuam tshuam loj ntawm "kev xwm txheej tshwj xeeb" thiab " Kev ua yeeb yam ntshav "ntawm cov txheej txheem keeb kwm Lavxias tau loj hlob lawm.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nrog rau cov neeg paub zoo txog Western Russophobes xws li Alexander Yanov thiab Richard Pipes, Russophobes hauv tsev, pom meej meej raug kev txom nyem los ntawm qhov nyuaj ntawm lub npe nrov "tsis yog tus saib xyuas tus poj ntsuam", tseem ntaus qhov pseudoscientific game.
Suffice nws hais tias tus neeg khiav haujlwm Komsomol tus kws sau xov xwm, Mr. A. Yanov, tam sim ntawd tig mus rau tus kws tshaj lij ntawm Lavxias keeb kwm rau kab mob sib kis, hauv ntau qhov kev dag ntxias thaum ub - "Russia: ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm kev xwm txheej ntawm 1480-1584" (2001), "Russia tawm tsam Russia: 1825-1921" (2003), "Russia thiab Europe" (2007), ua tiav nrog cov lej loj ntawm qhov tsis raug qhov tseeb, tso rau pem hauv ntej tiv thaiv kev tshawb fawb txog kev hloov pauv ntawm keeb kwm Lavxias.
Lub hauv paus ntawm qhov kev xav no "tus kws tshaj lij" tau txais kev qhuas ntau heev los ntawm tus kws kos duab tom qab ntawm "Gorbachev's perestroika" thiab tus kws txiav txim plaub hauv tsev hais plaub Alexander Yakovlev yog tias keeb kwm ntawm Russia yog keeb kwm ntawm kev hloov pauv kev ywj pheej thiab kev txhawb nqa sab hnub poob nrog kev hloov pauv thiab conservative nationalist counter-reforms. Thiab tus kws tshawb fawb yug tshiab no tau suav ntau txog 14 yam xws li "keeb kwm keeb kwm" dhau 500 xyoo dhau los.
Hauv kuv phau ntawv rau cov kws qhia ntawv, uas tau tshaj tawm thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo no, kuv raug yuam kom rov hais dua ntau qhov piv txwv ntawm yam "kev tsis sib haum" no, uas yog txhob txwm txhob txwm pov rau hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pseudo-scientific ib puag ncig nrog ib leeg lub hom phiaj ntawm kev hloov pauv lub meej mom ntawm lub tebchaws, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj "hauv lub siab tsis muaj zog" ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Lavxias, txhawm rau rhuav tshem lub teb chaws tus phab ej thiab yuam, suav nrog ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv lub rooj thiab hauv tsev kawm ntawv lub rooj sib tham, "kev paub keeb kwm tshiab", uas yog "ci ntsa iab" paub nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm perishing Ukraine.
Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis muaj tseeb, ntawm no yog qee qhov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws thiab tus yam ntxwv piv txwv ntawm hom kev sib tham no, uas tau dhau mus ntev dhau ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm kev tshawb fawb dawb huv thiab tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm pej xeem kev nco qab thiab kev xav tawm tsam ntawm keeb kwm pem hauv ntej.
Nws tau paub zoo tias txij li xyoo 1980s, thaum muaj kev sib tsoo ntawm kev sib tham ntawm lub tebchaws thiab lub xeev Marxist kev xav, kev liam tias Soviet tiv thaiv Normanists thaum kawg tau tshwm sim los ntawm lub qhov taub thiab pib ua qhov kev cia siab los qhia lawv cov kev xav rau hauv kev xav rau pej xeem.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, raws li Normanists lawv tus kheej, "ultra-Normanism ntawm Schloetzer hom" tau saws, uas tau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev los ntawm xibfwb Lev Klein thiab nws cov kev xav hauv nruab siab, tsis sib haum sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv "kev muaj hwj chim chauvinism" thiab "Russia nationalism."
Ntxiv mus, cov ncej ntawm Normanism niaj hnub no nyiam lub suab qias neeg tsis raug rau qhov kev tshawb fawb nruj nrog rau lawv cov neeg sib tw, uas tau rov ua dua txhua yam, txawm tias qias neeg, thuam thiab sau npe ntawm qib qis tshaj.
Ntxiv mus, nws yog Normanists niaj hnub no, tsis pom muaj cov lus sib cav tshiab, uas tau hais tawm rau Jesuit thesis tias qhov teeb meem Norman tsis muaj nyob txhua qhov, vim nws tau qhia meej meej tias "Varangians" yog Normans, thiab yog li qhov kawg tau muab tso rau hauv kev sib tham no ntev dhau los. Hauv lwm lo lus, nrog lawv txoj kev coj tus yam ntxwv, lawv tus kheej tau cog cov laurels ntawm cov yeej thiab qhov ua ntej tsis lees paub lwm qhov kev xav.
Pawg kws tshaj tawm txoj haujlwm tshaj lij ntawm "European txoj kev ywj pheej" tau tawm tsam thiab tawm tsam los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Xib Hwb Apollo Kuzmin, nws cov tub ntxhais kawm, uas, nrog qhov tseeb ntawm lawv txhais tes, tau lees tias tsis lees paub ntau mossy "kev sib cav" ntawm lawv cov kev tshawb fawb thiab kev xav.
Yuav luag peb puas xyoo, Normanists thiab anti-Normanists tau sib cav ntawm lawv tus kheej ntawm tag nrho cov teeb meem, ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog:
1) lo lus nug ntawm haiv neeg ib txwm muaj ntawm Varangians thiab keeb kwm ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm lub tebchaws thiab
2) teeb meem ntawm keeb kwm ntawm lo lus "Rus".
Hauv cov ntawv Lavxias qub thiab txawv teb chaws, muaj cov tswv yim sib txawv kiag li txog keeb kwm thiab haiv neeg ntawm Varangians. Raws li tus kws tshaj lij hauv keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm keeb kwm Lavxias qub, xibfwb Kuzmin, tau tsim, hauv Cov Dab Neeg ntawm Bygone Xyoo ib leeg muaj peb qhov sib txawv thiab sib txawv ntawm qhov keeb kwm ntawm Varangians.
Yog li, Kiev cov kws kho mob hu ua txhua tus neeg nyob hauv Volga-Baltic kev lag luam "Varangians". Novgorodian cov kws kho mob ntev hu ua ib pawg neeg thiab txhua pawg neeg Baltic "Varangians", hu nkauj tshwj xeeb tshaj yog "Varangians-Rus". Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ob qho tib si thiab lwm tus neeg mob ntev tau nkag siab los ntawm lub npe "Varangians" yooj yim Pomorians, uas yog, pab pawg neeg uas nyob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Baltic (Varangian) Hiav Txwv.
Kev sib cav hauv lub tebchaws ntawm Eastern Slavs. Hood. Sergey Ivanov tus kheej lub neej. Kev piav qhia los ntawm phau ntawv "Duab ntawm Lavxias Keeb Kwm" los ntawm Joseph Knebel. Xyoo 1909
Txawm li cas los xij, rau txhua tus Normanists, Varangians yog, yam tsis muaj kev poob siab, Normans-Vikings, uas yog, cov neeg nyob hauv Scandinavia thaum ub. Thiab rau cov neeg tawm tsam Normanists, Varangians yog ib tus Slavic, Baltic lossis Celtic, tab sis Slavicized pab pawg tau ntev, nyob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv sab qab teb ntawm Baltic (Varangian) Hiav Txwv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, muaj thawj qhov kev xav ntawm xibfwb Lev Gumilyov tias "Varangians" tsuas yog lub ntsiab lus hais txog kev tshaj lij, tsis yog haiv neeg ntawm nws cov neeg nqa khoom mus rau kev ua tub rog, tab sis qhov kev hloov pauv tam sim no nrov heev "Eurasian" rau hauv tus account los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Txawm hais tias muaj pes tsawg tus neeg Normanists niaj hnub no (piv txwv li, Vladimir Petrukhin) kuj tau sim qhia cov neeg Varangians tias yog "cov tub rog uas tau cog lus ua siab ncaj," nws tsuas yog tseem tsis tau meej rau leej twg.
Txhawm rau ua pov thawj lawv cov ntsiab lus, niaj hnub tawm tsam-Normanists hais txog ntau qhov kev sib cav muaj zog ntawm kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm, keeb kwm thiab kev ntseeg:
ARCHAEOLOGICAL ARGUMENTS
1) Ntawm qhov chaw faus neeg ntawm pawg tub rog nyob hauv Kiev, Ladoga, Gnezdovo thiab lwm lub ntxa thiab cov nroog, uas L. Klein thiab Co txuas ntxiv hais txog, Scandinavian faus lawv tus kheej ua rau tsawg dua 1% ntawm tag nrho cov naj npawb ntawm kev pom faus neeg..
Txawm tias muaj pes tsawg tus neeg tsim nyog Normanists (Anatoly Kirpichnikov) yuav tsum lees tias lub tsev faus neeg nto npe, uas tau tshaj tawm tias Norman nrog lub teeb pom kev ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb Swedish nto moo T. Arne, tau dhau los ua ib qho kev faus ntau thoob plaws teb chaws Europe, thiab tsis yog tsuas yog hauv Sweden. Cov cim npe uas nws pom nyob rau xyoo 1930s.
2) Txhua qhov pom Scandinavian qhov chaw faus neeg yog hnub tim tsis ntxov dua li ib nrab hnub. X xyoo pua, uas yog, thaum cov thawj coj los ntawm Rurik dynasty txiav txim siab qub Lavxias lub xeev rau tsawg kawg ob peb xyoo lawm.
3) Raws li tus kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm Soviet loj tshaj plaws, Tus Kws Tshaj Lij Tatyana Alekseeva, uas tau kawm paub ntxaws ntxaws txog kab mob sib kis ntawm Kiev thiab Gnezdovsky qhov chaw faus neeg, txhua qhov kev faus neeg hauv zos yog qhov txawv txav los ntawm hom German anthropological.
4) Ntawm txhua qhov chaw Scandinavian faus, tsis muaj qhov ntxa ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tau pom nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj, uas ntseeg tau tias cov tub rog tau faus rau hauv lawv tuaj yeem tsis muaj txoj hauv kev los txiav txim siab cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm haiv neeg Lavxias thaum ub.
5) Raws li qhov tsis txaus Scandinavian cov khoom cuav pom nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm peb lub tebchaws, nws nyuaj rau txiav txim siab yuav ua li cas lawv thiaj li xaus nrog Sab Hnub Poob Slavs - txawm yog los ntawm kev pauv pauv, lossis ua tsov rog, lossis ua ke nrog lawv tus tswv, lwm yam
Los ntawm txoj kev, ntau tus kws tshaj lij txawv teb chaws tham txog qhov no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kws tshawb fawb Askiv loj tshaj plaws Peter Sawyer thiab tus kws tshawb fawb Norwegian Anne Stalsberg.
HISTORICAL ARGUMENTS
1) Txhua tus neeg sau phau ntawv Byzantine yeej ib txwm paub qhov txawv ntawm Varangians thiab Normans raws li pawg neeg sib txawv.
2) Txiav txim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau cia, Varangians tau tshwm sim hauv Russia thiab Byzantium tsuas yog thaum pib - nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua thib 9, thiab Normans tsis lees paub Russia thiab nws cov neeg nyob ze yav qab teb kom txog rau nrab ib nrab. X xyoo pua, txij li Scandinavian sagas tsis paub cov thawj coj ntawm Byzantium thiab Ancient Russia dua li Byzantine tus huab tais John Tzimiskes (969-976) thiab Kiev tus tub huabtais Vladimir Holy (978-1015).
3) Scandinavian sagas paub zoo txog tus tsim ntawm Norman dynasty, Duke of Rollon (860-932), uas kov yeej Normandy thiab dhau los ua vassal ntawm Fabkis tus huab tais Charles III qhov Yooj Yim (898-922).
Txawm li cas los xij, lawv ua siab tawv ntsiag to txog "Norman" huab tais Rurik (820-879), uas ua rau muaj kev xav tsis raug cai, txij li, raws li peb cov kws sau ntawv sau keeb kwm keeb kwm, nws yog tus tsim lub xeev loj nyob hauv thaj av ntawm Eastern Slavs.
4) Cov neeg Varangians uas tuaj rau thaj av ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Slavs twb (lossis ib txwm muaj) Slavonic, txij li lub nroog Novgorod, Ladoga, Izborsk thiab lwm tus tau tsim los ntawm lawv muaj cov lus Slavic.
RELIGIOUS ARGUMENTS
1) Ua tsaug rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau tus kws tshawb fawb Soviet (Boris Rybakov, Apollon Kuzmin, Vladimir Toporov, Oleg Trubachev, Alexander Ishutin) nws paub zoo tias txhua tus Rus, Slavs thiab Finns, uas dhau los ua tus tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg Lavxias thaum ub, muaj lawv tus kheej pantheons ntawm pagan gods ntawm Indo-European, Hittite, Iranian lossis qhov tseeb ntawm Slavic thiab Finnish keeb kwm, uas suav nrog Perun, Horos, Veles, Svarog, Stribog, Dazhdbog, Mokosh thiab lwm yam vajtswv.
Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj kaum peb tus vajtswv Scandinavian, suav nrog tus vaj tswv siab tshaj Odin thiab nws cov tub Thor, Vidar lossis Balder, tsis muaj nyob hauv Slavic, Lavxias lossis Finnish theonymy thiab tsis tuaj yeem txhais tau.
2) Hauv ntau qhov ntawv sau los ntawm keeb kwm sib txawv, lo lus "Rus" tau siv tsis sib thooj thiab tsis meej pem. Hauv qee qhov chaw peb yuav pom qhov qhia ncaj qha tias Rus yog Varangians, hauv lwm tus lawv kev sib txuas ncaj qha nrog Slavs yuav raug lees paub, thiab hauv lwm tus lawv raug hu ua haiv neeg txawv.
Raws li kev pom zoo ntawm tib tus kws tshaj lij Kuzmin, hauv Dab Neeg ntawm Bygone Xyoo ib leeg muaj ob lub ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm kev pib ntawm Russia: Polyan-Slavic, uas tau txuas ncaj qha nrog Norik-Rugiland, thiab Varangian, taw qhia rau Baltic RussiaNws yog qhov xwm txheej no uas tau dhau los ua ib qho laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev sib cais ntawm cov keeb kwm yav dhau los thiab tam sim no, cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm keeb kwm thiab keeb kwm keeb kwm.
Qee tus kws sau ntawv (Serafim Yushkov, Vladimir Petrukhin, Elena Melnikova, Ruslan Skrynnikov, Igor Danilevsky) ntseeg tias lo lus "Rus" yog keeb kwm ntawm kev sib raug zoo thiab, feem ntau yuav yog, tau siv los xaiv ib pawg neeg tshwj xeeb ntawm lub xeev qub Lavxias, feem ntau yuav yog rau pawg thawj coj …
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhua tus ntseeg Orthodox Normanists, tshwj tsis yog xibfwb S. Yushkov, hais txog Scandinavian keeb kwm ntawm lo lus no, sib npaug cov ntsiab lus ntawm "Rus" thiab "Norman squad", uas lawv hu "rowers" lossis " cov neeg tsav nkoj. " Ntxiv mus, qhov kev xav tsis meej kiag li tau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej uas lub sijhawm sib raug zoo tom qab hloov pauv mus rau ib haiv neeg, uas tsis tau muaj tshwm sim hauv tib neeg keeb kwm.
Lwm tus kws sau keeb kwm, uas yog neeg feem coob, ntseeg tias lo lus "Rus" yog haiv neeg dawb huv thiab tias qee haiv neeg, pab pawg neeg lossis pab pawg neeg tau muab zais hauv qab lub npe no. Cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm txoj hauv kev no, nyeg, tau muab faib ua ntau qhov dej ntws.
Kev pam tuag ntawm ib tug noble Rus. Hood. Henryk Siemiradzki: 3 Lab tus kiv cua tos koj rau Webtalk!
Cov neeg txawv tebchaws thiab neeg Lavxias feem ntau (T. Arne, Richard Pipes, Lev Klein, Alexander Kan, Gleb Lebedev) ntseeg tias lo lus "Rus" muaj Scandinavian etymology dawb huv thiab los ntawm lus Finnish lo lus ruotsi, uas txhais tau tias yog Sweden.
Txawm li cas los xij, raws li tus kws hais lus Lavxias tus kws tshaj lij, Tus Kws Kawm Txuj Ci Andrei Zaliznyak, tau sau tseg kom raug, cov neeg Normanists niaj hnub no hauv lawv cov kev tsim cov lus tau coj los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm "kev nyiam ua lus Askiv," uas yog lub hauv paus lawv cov lus xaus "ntawm qhov xwm txheej zoo ib yam ntawm cov lus," tsis txhob suav nrog qhov tseeb tias "sab nrauv zoo sib xws ntawm ob lo lus (lossis ob lub hauv paus) hauv nws tus kheej tseem tsis tau muaj pov thawj ntawm ib qho keeb kwm kev sib txuas ntawm lawv."
Ntxiv mus, tus kws tshaj lij German Norman kws paub txog tsiaj txhu Gottfried Schramm hauv nws qhov haujlwm tshiab Altrusslands Anfang (Pib ntawm Ancient Rus, 2002) hu qhov kev txhais lus ntawm lo lus ruotsi "Achilles pob taws ntawm Normanism" thiab tawm tswv yim pov tawm qhov teeb meem no, los ntawm qhov kev xav Norman tsuas yog tau txais txiaj ntsig.
Ib txoj haujlwm zoo sib xws tau coj los ntawm tus lej ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb Lavxias (Oleg Trubachev, Alexander Nazarenko), uas, thaum tseem ntseeg Normanists, tseem tso cov kev nyiam ntawm kev tshawb fawb saum toj no cov pab pawg ntawm Lev Klein thiab Co.
Paub txog txhua qhov tsis raug ntawm lawv kev txhais yav dhau los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm lo lus "Rus", qee cov kws tshawb fawb tau mus rau lwm qhov huab, sim nrhiav lub hauv paus ntawm lo lus no ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Sweden nws tus kheej hauv xeev ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Roden lossis Roslagen.
Txawm li cas los xij, raws li muaj pov thawj los ntawm ntau tus kws tshawb fawb Lavxias thiab Swedish (Lydia Groth, Karin Kalissendorf), niaj hnub Ruslagen tau tshwm sim nyob rau ntawm daim duab qhia chaw ntawm Lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Sweden tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo pua 13th, thiab txog thaum ntawd thaj chaw ntug dej hiav txwv tseem nyob hauv dej, txij li qib ntawm Baltic Hiav Txwv hauv thaj chaw no yog li 5-7 m siab dua li qhov niaj hnub no.
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb tseem ceeb niaj hnub no, suav nrog ntawm Normanists lawv tus kheej (Oleg Trubachev, Valentin Sedov), tab tom nrhiav lub hauv paus pib ntawm lo lus "Rus" ib yam li cov lus Iranian, uas tau hais los ntawm Scythians lossis Sarmatians, lossis tseem pom hauv nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm Indo-Aryan.
Qhov loj tshaj plaws tiv thaiv Normanists ntawm Soviet hom (Boris Rybakov, Mikhail Tikhomirov, Arseny Nasonov, Henrik Lovmyansky) ntseeg tias lo lus "Rus" yog nyob hauv zos, Slavic keeb kwm, thiab nyob rau hauv lub npe no yog ib pawg neeg East Slavic uas nyob hauv nruab nrab mus txog ntawm Dnieper, ntawm ntug dej ntawm tus dej me me Ros tau muab zais, raws li tau hais hauv "Dab Neeg ntawm Bygone Xyoo" nws tus kheej.
Tus kws qhia ntawv Boris Rybakov
Tom qab ntawd, lub npe no tau cuam tshuam nrog txhua pab pawg neeg Polyan, uas sawv ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov neeg Lavxias niaj hnub no nyob rau sab qab teb kawg ntawm thaj av East Slavic. Lwm yam Soviet "anti-Normanists" (Pyotr Tretyakov) kuj tseem nyiam nyob rau yav qab teb cov poj koob yawm txwv lub tsev ntawm Rus, tab sis lawv cuam tshuam lawv tsis nrog Eastern Slavs, tab sis nrog Chernyakhovites lossis lawv cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov keeb kwm no tsis suav nrog qhov tseeb tias nws yog cov neeg Lavxias uas tau cuam tshuam nrog pab pawg Germanic lossis West Slavic.
Thaum kawg, niaj hnub thiab muaj tseeb tiv thaiv Normanists (Apollon Kuzmin, Vyacheslav Fomin, Elena Galkina) ntseeg tias lub hauv paus ntawm lo lus "Rus" yuav tsum tau nrhiav ntawm ntau haiv neeg "Rus" uas nyob tsawg kawg ntawm thaj av Baltic, Dniep er, Podonskaya, Danube thiab Dub Hiav Txwv Rus.
Tib lub sijhawm, los ntawm lub sijhawm Qub Lavxias lub xeev tshwm sim, cov Rus no tau raug Slavicized ntev, txawm hais tias pib:
1) glade-rus-cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Illyrians sab qaum teb uas nyob nruab nrab ntawm Danube, ntawm thaj tsam Norik-Rugiland;
2) Varangians-Rus yog ib ntawm pab pawg Celtic uas nyob rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv sab qab teb ntawm Baltic (Varangian) Hiav Txwv thiab nyob ze cov kob (Rügen);
3) Alans-Rus yog xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Iranian-hais lus Roksolans, uas ua tus coj ntawm tus neeg nto moo Saltov-Mayatsk keeb kwm kev coj noj coj ua. Txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 9, nws yog los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm peb ceg ntseeg ntawm Rus uas tau hu ua Lavxias teb sab caj ces tau tsim, uas tom qab ntawd tau txiav txim siab cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm lub qub Lavxias xeev.
Yog li, lo lus nug txog keeb kwm ntawm lo lus "Rus" tsis txuas nrog ntau nrog "Norman" lossis "Varangian" teeb meem, tab sis nrog qhov hu ua teeb meem Khazar, qhov twg txhua qhov kev kwv yees thiab kev xav ntau dua li qhov ntawd ntawm Normanists.
Qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, tus kws lij choj Kiev nto moo Herman Barats hauv ob peb ntawm nws cov lus tau tshaj tawm nrog cov lus hais tias "Cov Dab Neeg ntawm Xyoo Tsis Txaus" yog qhov rov ua dua ntawm Khazar-Jewish kev sau ntawv, thiab thawj tus thawj coj Lavxias yog Khazar Cov neeg Yudais.
Tom qab ntawd cov ncauj lus no ploj mus rau keeb kwm yav dhau los ntev, tab sis txij thaum xyoo 1950 los kawm txog keeb kwm keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm Saltovo-Mayatsk nto moo, uas yog tus kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, feem ntau yog Mikhail Artamonov thiab Svetlana Pletneva., tsis tau hais txog qhov raug rau Khazar Kaganate tag nrho, tsim kev nthuav dav nthuav dav ib puag ncig ntawm lub xeev no mus rau qhov loj.
Txawm hais tias txawm li ntawd los, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm kev coj noj coj ua qub no, ob qhov kev sib txawv hauv cheeb tsam tau qhia meej meej: hav zoov-steppe, hauv cov ntsiab lus keeb kwm keeb kwm, sawv cev los ntawm cov neeg dolichocephalic, thiab cov steppe nrog cov neeg brachycephalic, uas, nyeg, kuj suav nrog ob peb thaj tsam sib txawv.
Txawm tias tom qab ntawd, tus naj npawb ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb Soviet tseem ceeb, tshwj xeeb yog Ivan Lyapushkin thiab Dmitry Berezovets, tau nug ntau qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm lawv cov phooj ywg Moscow thiab hais tias hav zoov-steppe version ntawm Saltovo-Mayatsk keeb kwm kev coj noj coj ua yog cov neeg Alanian ntawm Don cheeb tsam, uas tsis tau yog ib feem ntawm Khazar Kaganate.
Tsis ntev cov lus pom zoo no tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov kws sau keeb kwm Soviet (Boris Rybakov, Apollon Kuzmin), thiab tam sim no qhov kev cia siab no tau txais nws txoj kev txhim kho ntxiv hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm kws kho mob ntawm keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb Elena Galkina, uas txheeb xyuas Don Alan version ntawm Saltovo- Mayatsk kev coj noj coj ua nrog rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm Lavxias Kaganate, tau hais hauv Byzantine, Sab Hnub Poob thiab Muslim sau ntawv los ntawm xyoo pua 8 - 9th.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov moss-npog qhov kev xav txog qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam ntawm Khazar Kaganate loj nyob rau tag nrho ntawm Tebchaws Europe Sab Hnub Tuaj tam sim no tau tsim kho los ntawm ob qho tib si hauv tsev Normanists, Israeli Zionists (N. Gottlieb), thiab haiv neeg Ukrainian (Omelyan Pritsak), thiab txawm tias "kev nyiam Eurasians" (Lev Gumilyov, Vadim Kozhinov), leej twg xav tau tiag tiag ntawm cov neeg tsim ntawm Lub Xeev Lavxias qub tsis yog tsuas yog cov neeg Suav, tab sis kuj yog Khazar Cov Neeg Yudais.
Nyob rau xyoo tsis ntev los no, qhov teeb meem no tau dhau los tsis yog mob hnyav, tab sis mob hnyav thiab cuam tshuam rau ntau yam kev nom tswv.
Tshwj xeeb, "ziab khaub ncaws" Zionists tau pib tshaj tawm lawv cov ntawv thov kom muaj "lub hauv paus keeb kwm qub txeeg qub teg hauv tsev" ntawm cov neeg Yudais, thiab peb "patriots-Eurasians", tsis txaus siab rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov "tshawb fawb" tshawb pom, mus mus rau lwm qhov huab thiab pib tham txog lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb "Khazar-Jewish quab" hauv keeb kwm ntawm Ancient Russia.
