Kev cog lus tsis ua phem ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemes thiab Soviet Union thaum Lub Yim Hli 23, 1939, kos npe los ntawm lub taub hau ntawm cov koomhaum kev lis haujlwm txawv tebchaws - VMMolotov thiab I. von Ribbentrop, tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov nqi tseem ceeb coj tawm tsam I. Stalin thiab USSR tus kheej. Txog kev ywj pheej thiab cov yeeb ncuab sab nraud ntawm cov neeg Lavxias, daim ntawv cog lus no yog lub ncauj lus uas lawv tau sim yuam Russia kom hloov siab lees txim, yog li suav nrog nws ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam, tus tsim ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob.
Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau, cov neeg thuam ntawm qhov kev pom zoo no tsis suav nrog qhov tseeb ntawm thaj tsam kev nom kev tswv ntawm lub sijhawm thaum kev pom zoo sib xws nrog Lub Tebchaws Yelemees muaj nyob hauv tebchaws Poland, Askiv thiab lwm lub xeev. Lawv saib ntawm daim ntawv cog lus los ntawm qhov siab ntawm peb lub sijhawm tseem muaj kev vam meej. Txhawm rau nkag siab qhov xav tau ntawm daim ntawv cog lus no, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj lub siab ntawm xyoo 1939 thiab tshuaj xyuas ntau qhov xwm txheej uas yuav ua rau Soviet Union ua.
Yuav pib nrog, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias los ntawm 1939 muaj peb lub zog tseem ceeb hauv ntiaj teb no: 1) "Western kev ywj pheej" - Fabkis, Askiv, Asmeskas thiab lawv cov phoojywg; 2) Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Ltalis, Nyiv thiab lawv cov phoojywg; 3) UAS. Qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm kev sib tsoo tau nkag siab zoo hauv Moscow. Txawm li cas los xij, Moscow yuav tsum tau ncua kom ntau li ntau tau qhov pib ntawm Union kev nkag mus rau hauv kev ua tsov rog thiaj li siv lub sijhawm no los siv txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tsim khoom lag luam thiab txhim kho cov tub rog. Qhov xwm txheej phem tshaj plaws rau USSR yog kev sib cav nrog pawg German-Italian-Japanese, nrog rau kev ua phem ntawm "lub tebchaws ntawm kev ywj pheej". Ib qho ntxiv, muaj qhov ua tau ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm USSR thiab Tebchaws Askiv thiab Fab Kis, nrog thawj qhov kev tsis ncaj ncees ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees. Yog li, thaum tsov rog Soviet-Finnish, London thiab Paris tau txiav txim siab mus ua rog nrog USSR, npaj los pab Finland los ntawm kev tsaws nrawm nrawm hauv Scandinavia thiab tawm tsam ciam teb sab qab teb ntawm USSR los ntawm Middle East (phiaj xwm) txhawm rau foob pob roj hauv thaj av Baku).
Moscow, ntawm qhov tod tes, tau ua raws li txoj cai tsim nyog uas thaum xub thawj lub tebchaws Yelemes tsoo lub tshuab ntawm Anglo-French pawg, ua rau nws txoj haujlwm tsis muaj zog. Tsuas yog tom qab kev swb ntawm Fabkis, Berlin tig Wehrmacht mus rau sab hnub tuaj. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab nws cov phoojywg pom lawv tus kheej ntawm kev ua rog nrog ob lub zog ntawm lub ntiaj teb tseem ceeb. Qhov no tau txiav txim siab ua ntej ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Anglo-Saxons ntxub USSR thiab npau suav ntawm kev sib cais nws ib yam li cov tub rog German-kev coj noj coj ua (yog tias tsis yog ntau dua), tab sis raug yuam kom ua Moscow cov phoojywg txhawm rau txuag lub ntsej muag thaum muaj kev ua si tsis zoo. Cov tswv ntawm Tebchaws Meskas thiab Great Britain tau txais txiaj ntsig ntau los ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Tseem, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb tsis tau tiav. USSR tsis yog tsuas yog tsis raug rhuav tshem thiab sib cais ua lub teb chaws "bantustans" tswj los ntawm "zej zog ntiaj teb", tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov hluav taws kub ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog nws tau muaj zog dua, tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm lub zog loj. USSR txuas ntxiv tsim lub ntiaj teb kev ncaj ncees, txhawb ntxiv los ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm tus yeej "plague xim av".
Cov kev xaiv rau kev txhim kho cov xwm txheej hauv qhov xwm txheej uas USSR tsis tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus tsis ua phem
Scenario ib. USSR thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tsis kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus tsis ua phem. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm Soviet nrog Poland tseem ua yeeb ncuab. Cov rooj sib tham ua tub rog ntawm Soviet Union nrog Askiv thiab Fabkis tsis tau kos npe. Hauv qhov no, Wehrmacht tsoo cov tub rog Polish thiab ntes tag nrho ntawm Poland, suav nrog Western Belarus thiab Western Ukraine. Nyob ntawm ciam teb sab hnub poob ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemes, "kev ua tsov rog txawv txawv" pib, thaum Askiv thiab Fab Kis tsis tso foob pob rau cov tub rog German thiab nroog, tab sis daim ntawv qhia thiab tus thawj coj hloov chaw ntawm kev ua phem, daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev lom zem rau cov tub rog. Nws pom tseeb tias Hitler tau txais "kev tso cai" los tawm tsam USSR.
Thaum mus txog ciam teb ntawm USSR, Wehrmacht tau tawm tsam cov tub rog ntawm Belorussian thiab Kiev cov cheeb tsam, uas tau ceeb toom txog kev ua tsov rog ntawm thaj chaw uas nyob ib sab. Tsis muaj kev pom zoo nrog Moscow, muab cov lus tawm tsam kev tawm tsam ntawm Soviet kev coj noj coj ua hauv lub sijhawm ua ntej ua tsov rog thiab Hitler cov lus hais txog qhov xav tau "chaw nyob" nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, cov tub rog German raug yuam kom txiav txim siab peb tus yeeb ncuab tus naj npawb ib. Nws yog qhov pom tseeb tias cov tub rog German tsis maj mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau rov ua kom muaj zog, txhim kho phiaj xwm kev ntxeem tau, rov txhim kho kev txiav txim ntawm thaj chaw Polish, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim tias lawv muaj kab txaij ntawm qhov muaj zog tiv thaiv thaj tsam ntawm lawv.
Txawm li cas los xij, German cov lus txib yuav luag tam sim txhim kho txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm nws cov tub rog - los ntawm sab qaum teb -sab hnub poob hla Byelorussian SSR dai Lithuania thiab Latvia, uas muaj cov tub rog tsis tseem ceeb. Lawv ntes lossis "tuaj yeem koom ua ke" ua rau nws hla peb cov tub rog hauv Belarus los ntawm sab laug; vim li ntawd, nws tsis tas yuav tsum cua daj cua dub rau thaj chaw muaj zog ntxiv. Cov lus txib Soviet, thaum raug tawm tsam los ntawm sab qaum teb, nws tus kheej tau thim cov tub rog los ntawm ib puag ncig uas muaj peev xwm ua tau. Ib qho ntxiv, Cov tub rog German mus txog ciam teb Soviet hauv thaj tsam Sebezh thiab pom lawv tus kheej 550 kilometers ntawm Moscow, qhov uas tsuas muaj ob lub ciam teb ciam teb - Lovat thiab sab saud ntawm Western Dvina. Berezina thiab Dnieper tseem nyob tom qab, uas xyoo 1941 hauv cheeb tsam Smolensk ncua sijhawm ua ntej ntawm Pab Pawg Pabcuam Hauv Chaw ntawm Soviet peev rau peb lub hlis thiab yuam German hais kom siv 44% ntawm nws cov phiaj xwm tseg. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, phiaj xwm "Barbarossa" - blitzkrieg, tau txais txhua txoj hauv kev los ua kom tiav. Yog tias peb coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tseeb ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev ntes Estonia los ntawm cov tub rog German thiab tawm ntawm Wehrmacht mus rau kab rau kev ntes sai ntawm Leningrad, qhov xwm txheej yuav muaj kev puas tsuaj txawm tias ua ntej muaj kev tawm tsam kev ua phem. USSR raug yuam kom tawm tsam txawm tias muaj xwm txheej hnyav dua li tau tshwm sim hauv kev muaj tiag.
Tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg tias USSR yeej qhov yeej txawm tias nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo li no, tab sis qhov kev poob tau nce ntau ntau zaug. Fabkis thiab Askiv khaws lawv cov tub rog thiab cov peev txheej ib yam nkaus thiab nrog kev txhawb nqa los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, thaum kawg Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob lawv tuaj yeem thov tswj hwm feem ntau ntawm lub ntiaj teb.
Scenario ob. Hauv cov ntawv no, Moscow yuav tsum tau koom nrog Poland, raws li Askiv thiab Fabkis xav tau. Qhov teeb meem yog tias Polish tus thawj coj tsis xav tau kev pab zoo li no. Yog li, thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 1939, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Polish nyob rau London tau ceeb toom rau Tus Saib Xyuas Lub Tebchaws ntawm Tebchaws Yelemees hauv tebchaws Askiv, Theodor Kordt, tias "Lub tebchaws Yelemes tuaj yeem ntseeg tau tias Poland yuav tsis tso cai rau ib tus tub rog ntawm Soviet Russia nkag mus rau hauv nws thaj chaw." Nov yog txoj haujlwm ruaj khov uas Warsaw tsis hloov pauv txawm yog los ntawm kev nom kev tswv los ntawm Fabkis. Txawm tias thaum Lub Yim Hli 20, 1939, peb hnub ua ntej kos npe rau ntawm Soviet-German tsis yog kev ua phem thiab kaum ib hnub ua ntej kev tawm tsam Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, Polish Txawv Teb Chaws Minister Jozef Beck tau xa xov tooj mus rau Polish Ambassador rau Fabkis Lukasiewicz tias "Poland thiab Soviets tsis raug khi los ntawm kev cog lus tub rog thiab tsoomfwv Polish tsis npaj siab xaus qhov kev pom zoo no ". Nws kuj tseem yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tseeb tias Fabkis thiab Askiv tsis tau muab USSR ruaj khov lav thiab kos npe rau kev cog lus ua tub rog.
Hauv qhov no, cov tub rog Soviet yuav tsum kov yeej kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog Polish, tawm tsam kev ua tsov rog ntawm thaj chaw uas muaj kev ua phem, txij li cov Tub Rog tsis xav kom peb sawv ntsug rau lawv. Fabkis thiab Askiv tab tom ua "kev ua rog txawv txawv" ntawm Sab Hnub Poob. Thaum nkag mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog Wehrmacht, nrog cov khoom kwv yees thiab kev sib txig sib luag ntawm cov rog thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm, thiab thaum tsis muaj kev tawm tsam tsis txaus ntseeg los ntawm ob qho tib si thiab ib sab, kev ua tsov rog yuav maj mam dhau los ua ntu zus, tus yam ntxwv. Qhov tseeb, cov neeg German yuav muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm Baltic. Cov lus txib German yuav sim txiav thiab ncig cov tub rog Soviet hauv tebchaws Poland.
Qhov xwm txheej no tseem tsis zoo rau Moscow. USSR thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees yuav siv lawv lub zog hauv kev tawm tsam ib leeg, "lub tebchaws ntawm kev ywj pheej" yuav tseem yog tus yeej.
Scenario peb. Warsaw, ntsib kev hem thawj ntawm kev tshem tawm kev ua tiav ntawm lub xeev Polish, tuaj yeem rhuav tshem kev sib raug zoo nrog Askiv thiab Fabkis, thiab koom nrog German pawg. Hmoov zoo, Warsaw twb tau muaj kev paub dhau los ntawm kev koom tes nrog Berlin thaum lub sij hawm dismemberment ntawm Czechoslovakia. Qhov tseeb, thaum Lub Yim Hli 18, Warsaw tshaj tawm nws qhov kev npaj yuav hloov Danzig, tuav lub rooj sib tham hauv Polish txoj kev hauv tsev thiab kev sib koom ua tub rog nrog Peb Reich tawm tsam USSR. Muaj tseeb, cov thawj coj hauv tebchaws Polish tau xaj, London tau pom zoo rau qhov no. Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias cov kws lij choj Polish tau nyiam thaj av Soviet ntev thiab tsis tau ntxeev siab los koom nrog kev faib tawm ntawm USSR, thov Ukraine. Tab sis Warsaw xav kom lub teb chaws Yelemees nws tus kheej ua txhua yam haujlwm qias neeg - tawm mus sab hnub tuaj Prussia - xeev Baltic thiab Romania. Cov tub rog twb xav muab cov tawv nqaij ntawm tus dais tua, thiab tsis tawm tsam nrog nws.
Hauv qhov no, qhov tawg rau USSR tau raug ntaus los ntawm German-Polish pab tub rog, uas yog, Hitler tau txais ntawm nws qhov kev pov tseg 1 lab tus tub rog Polish (nrog rau qhov ua tau nce nws tus lej). Askiv thiab Fab Kis tseem nyob nruab nrab nruab nrab. Txog lub Cuaj Hlis 1, 1939, Reich muaj 3 lab 180 txhiab tus neeg hauv Wehrmacht. Lub tebchaws Soviet tuaj yeem xa 2 lab 118 txhiab tus tub rog (cov neeg ua haujlwm sib haum xeeb, thaum pib ntawm kev sib tw Polish, tus lej tau nce ntxiv). Nws yog tag nrho Red Army. Yog li ntawd, ib tus yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab tias pab pawg tseem ceeb ntawm Soviet pab tub rog nyob rau Sab Hnub Tuaj - Cov Tub Rog Tshwj Xeeb Sab Hnub Tuaj. Nws sawv nyob ntawd thaum muaj kev hem thawj los ntawm Nyij Pooj Tebchaws. Thiab qhov kev hem thawj loj heev - tsuas yog ua ntej pib kev ua tsov rog loj hauv Tebchaws Europe, kev ua tub rog hauv tebchaws Mongolia ntawm Soviet thiab Nyij Pooj cov tub rog tau ua viav vias tag nrho. USSR raug hem nrog kev ua tsov rog ntawm ob sab. Cov thawj coj Nyij Pooj xav txog cov lus nug ntawm lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tawm tsam: sab qab teb lossis sab qaum teb. Kev swb sai ntawm cov neeg Nyij Pooj pawg (kev sib ntaus ntawm Khalkhin Gol) qhia txog lub zog ntawm pab tub rog Soviet, yog li Tokyo txiav txim siab mus rau sab qab teb, hloov chaw Askiv, Asmeskas, Holland thiab Fabkis los ntawm thaj av Asia-Pacific. Tab sis USSR yuav tsum ua kom muaj zog tseem ceeb nyob rau sab hnub tuaj thoob plaws Great Great Patriotic War txhawm rau kom ruaj ntseg nws cov ciam teb sab hnub tuaj.
Hauv Cheeb Tsam Leningrad Cov Tub Rog tau daws qhov teeb meem tiv thaiv Leningrad los ntawm Finland; nws tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv lub zog tseem ceeb los ntawm nws mus rau sab hnub poob. Thaj chaw Transcaucasian kuj tseem tsis tuaj yeem siv nws cov tub rog feem ntau rau kev ua rog nrog lub tebchaws Yelemes - muaj qhov ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam los ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv. Nws tau txhawb nqa los ntawm North Caucasian District. Arkhangelsk, Odessa, Moscow, Oryol, Kharkov, North Caucasian, Volga, Ural, Central Asian cov tub rog hauv nroog tuaj yeem pab tshwj xeeb rau thaj tsam Western thiab Kiev. Siberian thiab Zabaikalsky tau mob siab rau txhawb nqa Sab Hnub Tuaj Sab Hnub Poob. Ib qho ntxiv, nws yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account lub sijhawm tseem ceeb - cov cheeb tsam nram qab xav tau qee lub sijhawm txhawm rau txhim kho thiab xa kev txhawb nqa.
Hauv Cheeb Tsam Sab Hnub Poob thiab Kiev, uas xav tias yuav tsum tiv thaiv thawj tus yeeb ncuab, muaj 617 txhiab tus neeg. Yog li, qhov sib npaug ntawm cov tub rog hais txog cov neeg ua haujlwm tau tawm los ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemes. Berlin tuaj yeem mloog zoo yuav luag txhua qhov muaj zog tawm tsam USSR, thiab nthuav tawm nws cov ciam teb sab hnub poob.
Peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab qhov kev xav tsis zoo ntawm Baltic xeev rau USSR. Lawv tuaj yeem tuav tau los ntawm Wehrmacht, lossis yeem yeem hla mus rau nws sab - muab Berlin 400-500 txhiab tus neeg thaum muaj kev tawm tsam. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov phem tshaj tsis yog ntau pua txhiab tus tub rog, tabsis qhov tseeb tias thaj tsam Baltic tuaj yeem siv los ua tus ntoo khaub lig yooj yim rau kev txav puag ncig thiab tawm tsam ntawm USSR.
Pom tseeb, Moscow nkag siab qhov no tsis phem dua koj thiab kuv tam sim no (zoo dua). Stalin yog tus coj ncaj ncees thiab paub suav tau zoo heev. Nws yuav ruam heev mus ua rog nrog pab pawg German-Polish hauv xyoo 1939. Askiv thiab Fabkis tseem nyob nruab nrab. Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, Ltalis thiab Finland txhawb lub teb chaws Yelemees. Muaj txoj haujlwm geopolitical uas Soviet Russia tau txais tom qab kev hloov pauv thiab Kev Tsov Rog Zaum Ob, thaum Bessarabia, Poland, Western Ukraine, Western Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania thiab Finland raug txeeb los ntawm peb lub tebchaws, uas ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev ua tub rog. ciam teb sab hnub poob, thiab koom nrog kev tawm tsam nrog tus yeeb ncuab muaj zog zoo li lub tebchaws Yelemes yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Moscow nkag siab tias kev cog lus tsis ua phem yog ib qho xwm txheej ib ntus, thiab Thib Peb Reich, tau daws nws cov haujlwm hauv Western Europe, yuav rov maj mus rau sab hnub tuaj. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua tub rog-txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb nyob rau sab hnub poob, Stalin tau siv zog los rov txuas ntxiv Bessarabia, xeev Baltic thiab ib feem ntawm Finland rau Russia. Thaum muaj lus nug txog kev muaj sia nyob ntawm tag nrho kev vam meej, qhov teeb meem ntawm kev xaiv tsis muaj nyob rau cov xeev txwv.
