(Kab lus tau tshaj tawm hauv German version ntawm Croatian cov tub rog keeb kwm magazine "Husar" N2-2016)
Thaum pib ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib, txhua lub tebchaws tau suav nrog kev yeej sai thiab siv txoj hauv kev sib txawv rau qhov no.
Cov kws sau keeb kwm tsis pom zoo txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm tub rog nyob hauv Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau Sab Hnub Poob. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, hauv kev nthuav dav dav ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Europe, qhov uas tsis muaj kev sib txuas ntawm txoj kev zoo, cov tub rog caij nkoj tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb txawm tias Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II. Daim duab no, thaij xyoo 1914-15, yog tus piv txwv zoo tshaj: Cov tub rog caij nkoj Austro-Hungarian nyob rau sab qab teb Lavxias teb sab, tig mus rau hauv hiav txwv ntawm cov av nkos thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav. 30 xyoo tom qab, nws dhau los ua tsis yooj yim sua txawm rau kev sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv German.
Austro-Hungarian kev tawm tsam Serbia pib thaum Lub Yim Hli 12, 1914, nrog kev hla tus dej Sava thiab Drina. Kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub tebchaws vam tias yuav kov yeej lub xeev Balkan me me nyob hauv ob peb lub lis piam, yog li ntawd tom qab ntawd lawv tuaj yeem tig tag nrho lawv cov rog tawm tsam tus yeeb ncuab muaj zog - Tebchaws Russia. Lub teb chaws Yelemees hatched cov phiaj xwm zoo sib xws: ua ntej, kev swb ntawm Fabkis nyob rau sab hnub poob, tom qab ntawd kev tawm tsam ntawm txhua lub zog nyob rau sab hnub tuaj. Fabkis, uas tuav feem ntau ntawm nws cov tub rog nyob ntawm ciam teb nrog lub tebchaws Yelemes, tau ua rau muaj kev xav tsis thoob los ntawm German ua ntej los ntawm Belgium thiab Luxembourg ("Schlieffen Plan"). Qhov no tau coj Great Britain, uas yog tus lav paub ntawm Belgium qhov nruab nrab, mus rau hauv lub yeej rog ntawm Fabkis thiab Russia. Cov phiaj xwm Lavxias tau thov kom txiav txim siab tawm tsam German nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Prussia thiab tawm tsam Austria-Hungary hauv Galicia. Russia xav kov yeej ob tus neeg sib tw kom sai li sai tau, vim nws tsis tau npaj rau kev ua tsov rog ntev.
Hauv Galicia muaj peb pawg Austro -Hungarian: Kuv - hauv Western Galicia, X - hauv nruab nrab thiab XI - nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Galicia thiab Bukovina. Twb tau nyob rau Lub Xya Hli 31, lawv tau ceeb toom siab. Kev xa cov tub rog ntxiv los ntawm kev tsheb ciav hlau kuj tau pib. Txij li cov tsheb ciav hlau tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag siab dua 15 km / h, kev hloov pauv tau qeeb.
Thaum Lub Yim Hli 6, Austria-Hungary tshaj tawm kev ua tsov rog rau Russia, thiab hnub tim 15, cov tub rog caij nkoj loj tau pib txav mus rau tom ntej rau "kev tshawb nrhiav txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb." Cov lus txib siab (AOK-Armeeoberkommando) tsis cia siab tias Lavxias tawm tsam kev tawm tsam kom txog thaum 26 Lub Yim Hli vim yog lub sijhawm ntev ntawm kev tawm tsam. Qhov no tau muaj tseeb hauv txoj cai, tab sis cov neeg Lavxias tau tawm tsam yam tsis tau tos kom ua tiav kev tawm tsam. Twb tau nyob rau lub Yim Hli 18, lawv hla ciam teb ntawm Galicia. Qhov no tau ua raws los ntawm ntau qhov kev tawm tsam hauv thaj tsam ntawm Vistula thiab Dniester. Lub sijhawm ua tsov rog no, uas tau ua mus txog rau lub Cuaj Hli 21, hu ua "Battle of Galicia". Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd yog "Cossack ntshai" tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj tseeb lossis tsis tseeb ntawm Cossack kev tawm tsam ntawm cov zos, kev cais me me thiab cov thawj coj loj. Kev tsim ntawm Lavxias Tub Rog thib 3 hla ciam teb thaum Lub Yim Hli 19 nrog lub hom phiaj los tuav Krakow. Hauv qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm lawv cov kab ntawv tau nce mus raws txoj kab Lvov-Tarnopol, tiv thaiv los ntawm XI Corps ntawm Austro-Hungarian Army, cov tub rog thib 9 thiab 10 tau sib zog ua haujlwm nrog kev saib xyuas thiab npog lub zog tseem ceeb. Ntawm no, nyob ze ntawm lub zos Yaroslavice, thaum Lub Yim Hli 21, pawg thib 10 tau sib cav nrog pawg thib 4 Austro-Hungarian pab tub rog, uas dhau los ua thawj qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua loj hauv ntu no ntawm pem hauv ntej thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua zaum kawg hauv keeb kwm.
Austro-Hungarian cavalry
Ulan 12th Lancers Regiment.
Txog xyoo 1914, cov uhlans khaws lawv cov kaus mom ib txwm muaj, tab sis koom nrog lawv cov pike, tsis zoo li cov neeg Lavxias. Tsuas yog lub kaus mom hlau muaj qhov xim tshwj xeeb.1st ("daj") thiab 13th ("xiav") regiments tau koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Yaroslavitsy.
Ua ntej muaj Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, cov tub rog yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm txhua pab tub rog hauv ntiaj teb thiab tau muaj kev hwm nyob hauv zej zog. Austria-Hungary tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb. Yeej tsis tau muaj nws cov tub rog coob heev, muaj nees zoo thiab zoo nkauj, zoo li lub sijhawm ua ntej tsov rog. Cov tub rog yog cov neeg tseem ceeb, tab sis kuj yog qhov kim tshaj plaws ntawm k.u.k pab tub rog. Kev ua tub rog ntawm Dual Monarchy suav nrog kev ua peb pab tub rog sib txawv: Imperial Army (k.k. Gemeinsame Armee), Landwehr (k.k-Landwehr) thiab Hungarian Honvedsheg (Landwehr) (m.k. Honvedseg). Cov tub rog Imperial tau nyob qis qis rau Lub Chaw Haujlwm Tsov Rog Tsov Rog, thiab Landwehr tau ua haujlwm qis rau lawv tus kheej cov haujlwm. Tus Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm Tus Thawj Coj tau lav lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv Dual Monarchy, tab sis txhua tus ntawm peb pab tub rog muaj nws tus kheej tshuaj xyuas, lub hauv paus loj, peev nyiaj txiag, hais kom cov neeg ua haujlwm, koom haum thiab nrhiav neeg ua haujlwm.
Cov tub rog tub rog dav dav suav nrog 49 tus tub rog thiab 8 pab tub rog sib tua, Austrian Landwehr - 35 tus tub rog, 2 tus tub rog nyob hauv roob, 3 tus tub rog Tyrolean thiab 6 Uhlan cov tub rog thiab 2 pab tub rog caij nees (cov tub rog). Honved muaj 32 tus tub rog thiab 10 hussar regiments. Lawv tau faib ua 18 pawg, ua rau rau pab tub rog. Thaum muaj kev sib haum xeeb, 450 txhiab tus neeg tau ua haujlwm hauv peb pab tub rog, thaum muaj kev sib koom tes lawv cov lej tau nce mus rau 3 350 000. Ua ntej tsov rog, All-Imperial Army muaj 15 rab phom, 16 hussar thiab 10 uhlan cov tub rog. Hauv Austrian thaj av muaj 6 tus tub rog ua rog thiab 2 pawg tub rog sib tua phom (cov tub rog), ua los ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw los ntawm Dalmatia thiab Tyrol. Hungarian Honved muaj 10 hussar regiments. Hauv tag nrho, muaj 50 tus tub rog tub rog nrog kwv yees li tsib caug txhiab tus tub rog.
Trotting Austro-Hungarian horsemen. Txiav txim los ntawm cov plaub hau txiav thiab cov ntoo liab qab, nws yog lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav. Tsiv nrog txoj kev taug no, cov tub rog tuaj yeem npog qhov ntev. Tsawg kawg kaum zaug ntau dua li cov tub rog, qee zaum dhau los ua cov khoom siv txawb nkaus xwb.
Lub cavalry tau ib txwm faib ua cov neeg tua tsiaj, lancers, thiab hussars, txawm hais tias tsuas yog qhov sib txawv ntawm ob qho tib si. Cov cuab yeej ua rog thiab cov tswv yim zoo ib yam. Lancers tso tseg lawv cov peaks thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th thiab yog, zoo li rab ntaj thiab hussars, muaj riam phom nrog rab phom, rab phom, sabers lossis cov lus dav. Txhua tus tub rog tub rog muaj lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm, ob pawg (ib nrab-cov tub rog), zoo ib yam li cov tub rog nyob hauv cov tub rog, suav nrog peb pab tub rog (zoo ib yam rau lub tuam txhab tub rog), tshuab rab phom thiab sapper tuam txhab thiab pab pawg sib tham. Raws li cov xeev ntawm kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb, pawg tub rog muaj 5 tus tub ceev xwm thiab 166 tus tub ceev xwm tsis raug txib thiab tub rog. Tsuas yog 156 ntawm lawv yog cov neeg tua rog, tus so tsis yog cov neeg tawm tsam (lub tsheb ciav hlau nqa lub nra thiab lwm yam kev pabcuam). Txhua pab pawg muaj cov tub ceev xwm tshwj tseg, 18 tus tub ceev xwm uas tsis yog tub txib thiab tub rog, thiab 5 tus nees. Lub tuam txhab rab phom tau faib ua ob platoons thiab muaj yim rab phom Schwarzlose (8-mm-Schwarzlose-MG05). Hauv kev sib piv rau cov khaub ncaws zoo nkauj ntawm cov tub rog caij nkoj, cov tshuab rab phom hnav ib qho yooj yim grey-xiav ib yam.
Raws li lub sijhawm ua tsov rog, txhua tus tub rog tub rog muaj 41 tus tub ceev xwm, 1093 tus tsis yog tub ceev xwm thiab tub rog, thiab muaj 1105 tus nees. Ob lub tub rog tau tsim ib pab tub rog, thiab ob pawg tub rog tau tsim kev faib tub rog. Kev faib tub rog kuj suav nrog kev sib tsoo phom loj, suav nrog peb lub roj teeb ntawm plaub rab phom 75-mm ntawm 1905 tus qauv txhua.
Rau kev pabcuam hauv cov tub rog, cov nees tau xaiv hnub nyoog los ntawm plaub txog rau xya xyoo thiab qhov siab ntawm qhov withers los ntawm 158 txog 165 centimeters, thiab hauv nees rab phom loj - los ntawm 150 txog 160 cm. hauv cov phom loj.
Qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm 4 Cavalry Division raws li cov lus txib ntawm Major General Edmund Ritter von Zaremb, uas koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Yaroslavitsy, yog raws li hauv qab no:
-18th Brigade (tus thawj coj - General Eugen Ritter von Ruiz de Roxas - 9th Dragoon Regiment "Archduke Albrecht" thiab 13th Uhlan Regiment "Böhm -Ermolli";
-21st Brigade (commander - Colonel Count Otto Uin; 15th Dragoon Regiment "Archduke Joseph" thiab 1st Lancers Regiment "Ritter von Brudermann";
- kev faib phom loj nees - peb lub roj teeb (12 phom tag nrho).
Kev faib txoj haujlwm yog thawj zaug los tiv thaiv ciam teb, thiab tom qab ntawd txhawm rau txhawm rau ua ntej ntawm Pawg Tub Rog thib 3 raws li cov lus txib ntawm General Brudermann ntawm cov tub rog caij nkoj thiab kev saib xyuas.
Lavxias teb sab cavalry
Qhov kev kos duab tseeb no hais lus rau nws tus kheej - Cossacks tau yug los ntawm cov neeg caij nees, thiab cov txuj ci zoo li no tsis yog yam tshwj xeeb rau lawv. Lawv paub txhua yam no txawm tias ua ntej raug hu mus ua tub rog.
Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, lub zog loj nrog 170 lab tus tib neeg, muaj cov tub rog coob tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb no, tab sis lawv tsis muaj cuab yeej ua haujlwm zoo thiab tau kawm tiav. Twb tau nyob rau lub sijhawm muaj kev thaj yeeb, qhov loj ntawm pab tub rog yog 1.43 lab tus tib neeg, thiab tom qab kev tawm tsam nws yuav tsum nce mus txog 5.5 lab. Lub tebchaws tau muab faib ua 208 lub nroog, hauv txhua tus tub rog tau tsim los ua tub rog.
Kev nthuav qhia ntawm chij sib ntaus sib tua rau Lavxias hussars. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog tias thawj qib yog riam phom nrog pike.
Txog xyoo 1914, muaj 236 tus tub rog, faib ua Tus Saib Xyuas, Grenadier thiab 37 pab tub rog. Tsis tas li, cov tub rog ntawm Russia yog cov tub rog coob tshaj plaws ntawm txhua lub tebchaws uas muaj kev sib cav. Cov tub rog caij nees muaj plaub hom: tiv thaiv, kab, Cossack thiab tsis xwm yeem. Tus Saib Xyuas muaj 12 tus tub rog caij nkoj hauv ob pawg sib cais. Hauv kab - 20 tus neeg tua tsiaj, 16 tus neeg tua tsiaj thiab 17 tus hussars. Cov tub rog Don Cossack tau xaiv tsa 54 tus tub rog, Kuban - 33, Orenburg - 16. Cov tub rog tsis sib xws muaj cov neeg los ntawm Caucasus thiab Turkmenistan. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, Cov tub rog Lavxias suav nrog 24 kev sib ntaus sib tua tub rog thiab 11 cais Cossack pawg tub rog. Txhua pawg tau faib ua ob pawg tub rog: thawj tus suav nrog cov tub rog thiab cov tub rog uhlan, thib ob - hussar thiab Cossack. Kev sib faib kuj suav nrog cov roj teeb phom nees nrog rau rau 76, 2-mm phom ntawm 1902 tus qauv txhua. Cov tub rog tub rog muaj 6 tus tub rog (tag nrho ntawm 850 tus tub rog caij nees), lub tshuab rab phom nrog 8 lub tshuab phom thiab lub tuam txhab sapper. Tsis zoo li cov neeg Austro-Hungarian, cov neeg Lavxias lancers, uas tau tsim thawj qib ntawm cov pab pawg, khaws lawv qhov siab.
Tus kheej ntawm 10th Novgorod Dragoon Regiment.
Cov tub rog ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias sib txawv ntawm ib leeg hauv cov cim xim ntawm kab txaij nqaim thiab tus lej ntawm cov tub rog ntawm lub xub pwg pluaj. Tsuas muaj tsib qhov xim sib txawv: liab, xiav, daj, ntsuab thiab liab.
Cov tub rog nyob rau hauv qhov kev piav qhia hnav khaub ncaws hnav lub tsho khaki, qauv 1907, thiab lub kaus mom, tuaj txog. 1914. Riam phom nrog peb txoj kab phom rab phom ntawm 1891 tus qauv (8 cm luv dua li cov tub rog ib leeg) thiab saber tuaj. 1887 nrog lub xov tooj cua txuas rau nws.
Lavxias dragoon saber ntawm xyoo 1887 tus qauv nrog lub xov tooj cua.
Qhov thib 10 Cavalry Division raws li cov lus txib ntawm General Count Fyodor Arturovich Keller tau tawm tsam ze Yaroslavitsa. Nws muaj pes tsawg leeg yog raws li hauv qab no:
1st Brigade - 10th Novgorod Dragoon thiab 10th Odessa Uhlan Regiments;
2nd Brigade - 10th Ingermanland Hussars thiab 10th Orenburg Cossack Regiments;
-3rd Don Cossack cov tub rog sib ntaus, suav nrog peb lub roj teeb (18 rab phom tag nrho).
Sib ntaus
Thaum Lub Yim Hli 20, thaum txog 21.00, Tus Kws Saib Xyuas Habermüller tau xa mus rau lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm ntawm 4 Cavalry Division, nyob hauv lub nroog Sukhovola, cov lus hais tias Lavxias 9 Cavalry Division, txhawb los ntawm cov tub rog thiab cov phom loj, tau hla lub nroog Zaloshche thiab yog tsiv hauv ob kab lus hauv lub zos Oleyov. Qhov kawg tau nyob ze 40 kilometers ntawm lub hauv paus chaw ntawm 4th cav. kev sib cais Cov tub rog Austro-Hungarian uas nyob ze tshaj plaws tau tawg mus rau thaj tsam loj: pawg tub rog thib 11 nyob rau 70 kilometers sab qab teb ntawm Brzezan, thiab 8th Kav. faib nyob rau hauv Tarnopol, txog qhov deb tib yam rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj. Cov neeg Lavxias tau taug kev ntawm kev sib tshuam nruab nrab ntawm peb pawg Austro-Hungarian, thiab nws tau pom meej tias lawv yuav sim txiav txoj kev tsheb nqaj hlau txuas ntawm Zborov. Yuav kom nyob ib puag ncig lawv, tag nrho peb qhov kev faib Austro-Hungarian yuav tsum tau ua ua ke.
Cov tub rog qib thib ob ntawm Austro-Hungarian nees rab phom loj hauv hnav khaub ncaws tag nrho. Riam phom nrog rab phom Steyer tuaj txog. Xyoo 1912 thiab saber arr. 1869
Lub Yim Hli 21, thaum 3 teev sawv ntxov, 4th cav. pawg tau ceeb toom thiab xaj kom taug kev. Ob pawg tub rog ntawm 35th Landwehr Regiment, hauv qab rau kev faib, tau ua txoj haujlwm ntawm qhov siab 388 sab qab teb ntawm Lopushan thiab npog cov tub rog ntawm txoj kev ntawd. Cov tub rog tau tawm mus thaum ib tag hmo, thiab peb teev tom qab cov tub rog caij nkoj ua raws. Thaum sawv ntxov lub kav 4. qhov kev sib faib tau txav mus los nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Nushche. Nws lub hom phiaj yog nyob ntawm qhov siab ntawm 418 sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Volchkovtsy. Hauv qhov vanguard yog 15th Dragoon Regiment nrog pab pawg thib ob ntawm lub taub hau. Kev lag luam los ntawm kwv yees li nees nkaum feeb, lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm 15th dragoon tau ua raws los ntawm pab pawg thib 3 ntawm tus kws kho mob thib 13, tom qab ntawd yog lub tuam txhab tshuab rab phom ntawm cov kws kho mob thib 1 thiab cov roj teeb thib 1 thiab thib 3 ntawm pawg tub rog tub rog thib 11. Lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm kev faib tau txav mus tom qab lawv: lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm, lub tsheb ciav hlau nqa lub hnab thiab kev pabcuam huv huv, tus lej 13 thiab tus thib 1 thiab plaub tus tub rog ntawm lub nkoj thib 9. Ob pab tub rog ntawm 35th Landwehr Infantry Regiment tau nce mus rau Hill 396 kom npog sab laug. Tsis muaj cov neeg Lavxias nyob ze, thiab kwv yees li 6.30 cov tub rog uas qaug zog nkag mus rau Lopushany. Cov neeg nyob hauv nroog tau ceeb toom rau tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog, Lieutenant Colonel Reichelt, tias lawv tau pom Cossack saib xyuas ib hnub dhau los. Reichelt coj nws cov txiv neej mus rau Zhamny Hill (Hill 416), qhov chaw uas muaj txoj haujlwm yooj yim los npog qhov faib ua ke. Olejov tsis pom los ntawm qhov siab no, Yaroslavice nyob txog 3000 kauj ruam mus rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj, thiab Volchkovitsy nyob rau sab hnub poob, hauv hav hav ntawm Sawb.
Austro-Hungarian 8-cm nrawm-phom phom "Skoda" mod. 1905.
Cov phom loj: 76.5 mm.
Kev sib ntaus hnyav: 1020 kg.
Qhov hnyav ntawm qhov projectile: 6, 6 kg.
Kev tua ntau: 7000 m.
Tus nqi hluav taws: 12 teev ib feeb twg.
Peb lub roj teeb ntawm plaub rab phom ib leeg thiab tshem tawm plaub lub plhaub phom ua los ntawm cov tub rog sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov tub rog sib faib. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, raws li xyoo 1914, muaj 11 qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua nees - raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov tub rog sib faib.
Ib txhij nrog kev tuaj txog ntawm cov tub rog ntawm qhov siab 396, thaum txog 5.00, tus tub rog thib 4. qhov kev faib mus txog qhov siab ntawm 418 sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Hukalowice, qhov uas nws nres. Qhov siab tau pom zoo, tab sis cov neeg Lavxias tsis pom. Cov tub ceev xwm raug ntiab tawm kuj rov qab los yam tsis muaj dab tsi. Rau kev nyab xeeb ntau dua, ib lub tuam txhab raug xa mus rau Zhamny Hill nrog xaj xaj kom nws nyob ntawm 5.45. Thaum txog 6.00 lub suab phom loj tau hnov. General Zaremba txiav txim siab tias qhov thib 8 cavalry. qhov kev faib nkag mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov neeg Lavxias thiab, tsis tau tos rau qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev soj ntsuam, thaum 6.30 tau xaj kom faib mus rau sab qab teb mus rau Yaroslavitsa. Nws muaj kev ntseeg siab tias pawg tub rog thib 11 yuav los txog sai sai no. Ob tus tub rog, 9th Dragoon thiab 13 Uhlan regiments, tau txav mus rau pem hauv ntej ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, 15th Dragoon - nrog lub taub hau rau sab laug, thiab 1st Uhlan - mus rau sab xis. Cov phom loj thiab lub tsheb ciav hlau lub tsheb tau txav mus rau hauv qhov chaw. 1st Squadron ntawm 9th Dragoon tau xav kom nyob hauv Zhamny Hill ua ke nrog 35th Infantry Regiment. Txawm li cas los xij, dab tsi raug coj mus rau rab phom loj yog lub suab ntawm kev tawg uas Orenburg Cossacks tau rhuav tshem txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau.
Thaum 7.30 tus tub rog mus txog qhov siab ntawm 401 sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Kabarovets, qhov chaw nws nres. Tseem tseem tsis tau kos npe rau ntawm 11th Infantry txoj hauv kev. Lub caij no, kev saib xyuas ntawm tus thawj tub ceev xwm suav Ressenhauer, xa mus rau Oleiov thaum sawv ntxov, nrog cov lus hais txog cov tub rog loj ntawm Lavxias teb sab cavalry sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Oleiov, rov qab mus rau lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm ntawm General Zaremba ntawm tus kws kho tshuab nees. Tsis ntev Lieutenant Gyorosh los ntawm 9th Dragoon tuaj txog nrog xov xwm ntawm ntau tus tub rog Lavxias nrog rab phom loj ntawm Berimovka Hill (siab 427). Txoj haujlwm ntawm General Zaremba dhau los ua nyuaj: ntawm ib sab, Cov tub rog Lavxias nrog rab phom loj ntawm qhov siab, ntawm lwm qhov, lub nroog Zborov, qhov twg peb dej ntws sib tshuam. Cov lus kawg tau xa los ntawm Lieutenant Earl Sizzo-Norris tias cov neeg Lavxias tau teeb tsa kaum yim phom yuam Zaremba kom ua sai. Nws tau xaj kom faib rov qab mus rau Hill 418 sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Yaroslavitsa, txoj haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws los tua cov yeeb ncuab. Cov tub rog tau nthuav tawm ua ntu zus thiab taug kev ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws rau Yaroslavitsa. Ob lub roj teeb nees tau nqa txoj haujlwm 500 meters sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Yaroslavitsa los npog qhov kev tawm mus.
Lavxias 76, 2mm phom ntawm 1902 tus qauv.
Kev sib ntaus hnyav: 1040 kg.
Qhov hnyav ntawm qhov projectile: 6, 5 kg.
Kev tua ntau: 8000 m.
Tus nqi hluav taws: 12 teev ib feeb twg.
Cov roj teeb muaj 6 phom txhua. Ob lossis peb lub roj teeb tau ua tub rog. Txhua pab tub rog muaj ib pab tub rog sib faib. Daim duab qhia pom qhov chaw ntawm rab phom nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm ib txwm muaj ntawm txhua tus neeg khav theeb. Cov phom loj nyob ntawm lawv lub hauv caug hauv qab npog ntawm daim thaiv, pab pawg pom tom qab.
Thaum txog 9:15 teev sawv ntxov, Cov phom loj ntawm Lavxias tau tua plaub lub qhov muag pom thiab npog lub tsheb thauj neeg mob thiab lub tuam txhab tshuab rab phom, uas tau khiav tawm mus. Lub tsheb laij teb ntawm cov neeg tawg rog los ntawm Yaroslavice thiab cov ntoo uas tau vau ua rau nws nyuaj rau Austro-Hungarian cov tub rog thim rov qab raws li tau npaj tseg. Qhov hluav taws kub ntawm yim phom Austro-Hungarian (tiv thaiv kaum yim tus neeg Lavxias) ua rau lawv nyob ntsiag to ib ntus, uas tso cai rau cov neeg tua hluav taws thiab uhlans rov mus rau tom lub zos kom siab dua 411. Qee cov phom Lavxias tau xa hluav taws mus rau Austro-Hungarian cov roj teeb, thiab qee qhov mus rau Yaroslavitsa, qhov hluav taws kub pib … Cov phom loj Austro-Hungarian raug yuam kom thim rov qab, poob ib feem ntawm nws cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov mos txwv mos txwv thiab cov nees. Ib tus thawj coj, Major Lauer-Schmittenfels, tau raug mob hnyav. Ntawm qhov siab ntawm 411 lawv tau nres thiab tua ob peb lub suab ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws Lavxias. Lawv qhov kev tawm mus ntxiv mus rau qhov siab 418 tau nrog Russia hluav taws los ntawm Makova Gora (qhov siab 401), tab sis nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig.
Thaum thawj lub foob pob Lavxias pib tawg hla 1st Uhlansky, lwm cov phom los ntawm qhov siab 396 nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tau qhib hluav taws ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog thiab cov tub rog thib 1 ntawm 9th Dragoon ntawm Zhamna qhov siab. Thaum cov tub rog thiab tub rog tub rog pom tias lub cav thib 4. qhov kev faib tawm rov qab, tom qab ntawd lawv kuj pib thim rov qab. Los ntawm 0900 teev, tag nrho cov kev faib tau sib sau ua ke sab hnub tuaj ntawm Volchkovitsy, ntawm ntug dej, uas cov neeg Lavxias tsis tuaj yeem pom, thiab rov tsim dua. Nws tsuas yog los ntawm qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb uas kev poob qis dua qhov xav tau: kwv yees li 20 tus neeg thiab 50 tus nees.
Kev tawm tsam ntawm 13th Lancers 'Regiment.
General Zaremba tau txiav txim siab kom nyob tom qab qhov siab 418 thiab 419. Nws xav tias nws tau tawm tsam los ntawm ntau li ob qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm tub rog thiab xav tsim kom muaj txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv kev ntseeg tau. Nws txuas ntxiv kev cia siab rau txoj hauv kev ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 11 thiab 8th Cavalry Division. Lub tuam txhab rab phom tshuab ntawm 15th Dragoon tau xa mus rau Hill 419 los npog lub flank. Tsib puas meters, nyob tom qab, hauv qab npog qhov siab, nws tau muab tso rau hauv ob kab ib qho tom qab lwm tus 1st Lancers (tus thawj coj - Colonel Weis -Schleissenburg) thiab 9th Dragoon (Colonel Kopechek) cov tub rog. Tam sim ntawd dhau ntawm qhov siab ntawm 419, 13th Lancer (Colonel Count Spanochchi) thiab 15th Dragoon tau tuav txoj haujlwm. Cov tuam txhab rab phom thiab cov phom loj tau nyob ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov siab. Zaremba tseem xa tus xa ntawv mus rau 35th Infantry Regiment, uas nyuam qhuav hla tus dej, nrog kev xaj kom nyob hauv Volchkovitsa thiab npog qhov faib ua ke. Tus neeg xa xov tuaj yeem nrhiav tau tsuas yog ob lub tuam txhab ntawm pawg tub rog thib 2, uas tau tswj hwm txoj haujlwm kom raws sijhawm thiab tiv thaiv kev hla ntawm ib puas Orenburg Cossacks.
1st Lancers thiab 9th Dragoons tau ua thawj txoj haujlwm. Lawv tau ua raws li 15th Dragoon, txav mus rau qhov siab raws txoj kev raws tus dej. Colonel Suav Spanochchi coj nws tus Lancer 13th los ntawm txoj kev ncig hla Hill 418. Ob lub roj teeb tau ua raws lawv, tab sis rau qee qhov laj thawj tsis paub tias lawv tau daig ntawm ntug dej ntawm Strypa. Tej zaum lawv tau ncua los ntawm qhov pom ntawm Orenburg Cossacks. Hauv qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm 13 Lancer caij thawj faib ntawm peb pawg tub rog, ib nrab ntawm pawg tub rog thib 3 thiab lub tuam txhab rab phom tshuab. Ntawm qhov deb ntawm ob peb puas metres tom qab lawv thawb qhov kev faib thib ob raws li cov lus txib ntawm Major Vidal, suav nrog 1st thiab thib ob ib nrab ntawm pawg thib 3. Ib pab tub rog tseem yuav npog lub roj teeb thib 3.
Cossack ntawm 8th Don Cossack Regiment nrog Kev Txiav Txim ntawm St. George.
Ua tsaug rau lawv cov pike, Cov tub rog Lavxias tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua Austro-Hungarian. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm Cossacks yog lawv qhov tsis ntseeg siab. Ntsib nrog cov yeeb ncuab uas tawv ncauj, lawv tau khiav ntawm thawj qhov cim ntawm kev ua tsis tiav.
Lub sijhawm ntawd, thaum ntu 1 tau ploj mus tom qab qhov siab ntawm 418, thiab kab thib 15 tau los ze rau nws, mus rau sab xis ntawm Lipnik, ntawm qhov deb li ntawm 1000 metres los ntawm ntu thib ob ntawm tus lej 13, kab lus Lavxias cov tub rog tau tshwm sim. Nws yog 10th Cavalry Division. Hauv qhov chaw tos tsheb loj, ob pawg neeg ntawm Novgorod dragoons tau dhia mus, ua raws li peb pawg neeg ntawm Odessa lancers, thiab nyob rau tom qab yog cov nees-sapper thiab tshuab rab phom tuam txhab. Vidal tau txiav txim siab tam sim ntawd nrog nws ib thiab ib nrab pab pawg mus kaw cov neeg Lavxias kom txog thaum cov tub rog tseem ceeb ntawm kev faib ua lawv txoj haujlwm. Nws tau mus rau Russia.
Cov lancers, zoo li nyob rau hauv kev ua yeeb yam, tig los ntawm kab ntawv mus rau hauv kab thiab, ntawm lub teeb liab ntawm lub tshuab raj, maj mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam. Cov neeg Lavxias tau xav tsis thoob, tab sis rov zoo sai. Los ntawm kab ntawv, lawv cov tub rog, mus rau sab laug hauv qhov kev taw qhia ntawm kev txav mus los, tig mus rau hauv kab, thiab nkag mus rau hauv kev tawm tsam. Hauv kev sib tsoo lub taub hau nrawm, cov neeg Lavxias, uas cov neeg caij nees ntawm thawj qib tau siv riam phom, muaj qhov zoo dua, thiab ntau tus neeg Austrians tau raug tshem tawm ntawm lawv lub nraub qaum. Ntawm thawj qhov kev raug mob yog cov tub rog hais kom ua Kitsinski (raug mob) thiab Mikhel, ntxiv rau txog kaum ob tus kws phais neeg. Hauv cov khoom pov tseg uas tau ua raws, thaum cov neeg tawm tsam tau kov lub pob zeb, cov lancers 'sabers tau zoo dua, thiab ntau thiab ntau tus neeg Lavxias pib ya tawm ntawm lub eeb. Kev kub ntxhov dav dav, plua plav, txhaj tshuaj rab phom, cov neeg qw thiab cov nees nyob ze tau txuas ntxiv mus li ob peb feeb, tom qab ntawd cov neeg uhlans raug yuam kom thim rov qab los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab zoo. Feem ntau ntawm lawv tau tswj kom thim rov qab mus rau 15th Dragoon, uas nyuam qhuav los txog rau ntawm tshav rog. Ib pawg me me coj los ntawm Major Vidal, uas tom kawg tau tswj kom tawg ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, thim rov qab zoo ib yam li nws tau los, tab sis raug cuam tshuam los ntawm Cossacks ntawm txoj kev thiab tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua luv tau raug kaw. Lavxias dragoons tau sim ua kom rov qab lancers, tab sis tau rov qab los ntawm qhov hluav taws kub ntawm 15th Dragoon lub tshuab rab phom los ntawm qhov siab ntawm 419. Yog li, kev sib ntaus sib tua xaus hauv kev kos.
Kev tawm tsam los ntawm Vidal tus lancers tsis yog ib feem ntawm Zaremba cov phiaj xwm, uas vam tias yuav tau ua haujlwm ua ntej cov neeg Lavxias tuaj txog. Hloov chaw, nws raug yuam kom xa 15 Dragoon los cawm cov kws kho mob.
Kev tawm tsam ntawm 15th Dragoon
Cov tub rog ntawm Austro-Hungarian 15th Dragoon Regiment.
Regimental xim - dawb.
Thaum pib ua tsov rog, Austro-Hungarian cavalry, zoo li Fabkis, tseem muaj tseeb rau kev coj noj coj ua. Cov kev coj noj coj ua no, zoo li cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog, tsis tso cai rau lawv hloov kho qhov tseeb ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, zoo li cov neeg Lavxias, cov neeg German, thiab cov neeg Italians.
Cov tub rog nyob ruaj khov rau lawv cov khaub ncaws liab thiab xiav, thaum cov tub rog thiab cov phom loj tau hloov pauv raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub sijhawm. Lub dab tshos thiab lub tes tsho ntawm cov khaub ncaws hnav muaj xim sib txawv. Lub 15th "dawb" thiab 9th "ntsuab" dragoon regiments tau koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Yaroslavitsy.
Tus neeg caij tsheb hauv qhov kev piav qhia yog riam phom nrog Monnlicher M1895 carbine thiab saber mod. 1865. Nws lub kaus mom hlau tiv thaiv. 1905 hnub rov qab mus rau Napoleonic zaug. Txhua tus neeg caij zaum thib ob ntawm qhov kev sib tw nqa ib lub thoob dej rau cov nees, thiab txhua tus neeg caij nees zaum xya nqa lub duav.
Colonel Uyna tus "dawb" cov tub rog tau nce mus rau qhov chaw siab nrog cov pab pawg thib 1, 4 thiab 6 hauv thawj kab, ua rau thib 2 thiab thib 5. Uin txiav txim siab lees txais qhov kev tsim no, txij li nws tsis paub tus naj npawb ntawm cov yeeb ncuab thiab, yog tias nws muaj qhov zoo tshaj, nws xav kom muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm flanks. Thaum nws pom tias ob pab tub rog Lavxias tau hem nws los ntawm lub tis sab xis, nws tau hais kom Major Malburg tus tub rog thib ob mus tua lawv, thiab nws tus kheej tau maj nroos mus tua nrog plaub seem. Qhov kev tawm tsam tau koom nrog los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm pawg tub rog thib 13, uas tswj hwm kom lawv nkag siab thiab ua kab hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. General Zaremba thiab ob tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog, von Ruiz thiab Uin, caij nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub taub hau ntawm cov tub rog. Cov neeg Lavxias tau xav tsis thoob ib ntus, tab sis tau teeb tsa sai thiab pib tawm tsam, thiab txhua yam tau tshwm sim dua. Cov pike Lavxias tau tsoo thawj tus neeg Austrians tawm ntawm lawv lub nraub qaum, tom qab ntawd lawv tawg mus rau hauv cov qib ntawm cov neeg sib ntaus hauv khakis, puag ncig lub kaus mom thiab pike thiab pib txiav lawv nrog sabers.
Lavxias 7, 62-mm rab phom ntawm Nagant system, qauv 1895
Pistol Steier M1912.
Nws cov pob zeb 9 hli hnyav dua thiab nkag tau ntau dua li Parabellum ntau dua.
Qhov hnyav: 1.03 kg.
Cov mos txwv mos txwv tshaj tawm: 340 m / s.
Ntev: 233 hli.
Lub peev xwm ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm: 8 puag ncig.
Muaj qee cov ntawv sau tseg txog kev sib ntaus sib tua, uas qhia txog tus lej zoo tshaj ntawm cov neeg Lavxias, kev sib tsoo hnyav thiab huab ntawm cov hmoov av. Ib tus neeg lis haujlwm hauv tebchaws Russia tuav lub hauv caug ntawm nws cov hniav thiab raug rho tawm ntawm ob txhais tes nrog rab phom. Tus tub ceev xwm loj Polachek tau nqa rab yaj phom los ntawm lwm tus tub ceev xwm Lavxias thiab tua cuaj tus neeg caij nees hauv tebchaws Russia. Ib tus ntawm cov tub ceev xwm, xav tias yog tus thawj tub rog ntawm Count Ressegauer, tsoo nws saber, thiab nws tseem tawm tsam nrog rab phom mus txog thaum tus nees raug tua hauv qab nws. Txawm tias tom qab ntawd, nws txuas ntxiv mus tua hauv av, raug mob los ntawm rab hmuv, tab sis tswj kom khiav ntawm ko taw. Dragoon Knoll tau txais txiaj ntsig rau kev tswj hwm nws tus thawj coj raug mob, Colonel Uyne, los ntawm pab pawg neeg Lavxias. Thiab muaj ntau qhov xwm txheej zoo li no thaum sib ntaus sib tua.
Kev sib ntaus sib tua tau ntev txog 20 feeb, thaum lub suab raj muab lub teeb liab los thim. Yuav luag ib txhij nrog qhov no, lub foob pob ntawm Lavxias rab phom loj tau pib tawg, tua, tsis hais txog ntawm lawv tus kheej. Shrapnel tua ob tus neeg Lavxias thiab Austrians. Cov dragoons thim rov qab zoo ib yam li lawv tuaj - hla lub zos Volchkovice. Cov neeg Lavxias tsis tau caum lawv thiab tig rov qab mus rau Lipnik. Qee tus neeg Lavxias raug rho tawm haujlwm, nce ntoo, lwm tus tau nce toj thiab ntog hauv thaj teb ntawm cov neeg raug mob thiab tuag.
Cossack ntawm 10th Orenburg Cossack Regiment.
Cossacks yog ib pab tub rog ib nrab. Rau lawv nees nkaum xyoo ntawm kev pabcuam, Cossacks tau txais thaj av raws li khoom plig.
Cossack hauv qhov kev piv txwv, zoo li txhua tus tub rog Lavxias rog, muaj riam phom thiab saber. Ib txoj hlua tawv tawv rau 30 puag ncig tau hnav hla lub xub pwg. Nws kuj muaj tus nplawm (Cossacks tsis siv spurs).
Cov xim sib txawv ntawm Orenburg thiab Terek Cossacks yog xiav. Qhov no tuaj yeem pom los ntawm kab txaij thiab tus lej ntawm lub xub pwg pluaj. Cov xim ntawm Don Cossacks tau liab, Ural Cossacks tau ntshav, Astrakhan Cossacks tau daj, thiab lwm yam.
Thaum kev sib ntaus sib tua tseem tab tom mus, peb puas Orenburg Cossacks tam sim ntawd tau tsoo lub roj teeb thib peb ntawm Tus Thawj Tub Rog Taufar, uas tau nyam mus rau lub qhov ntswg ntawm lub hav dej ntawm Strypa. Cov neeg ua haujlwm tau nrawm nrawm rau cov nees thiab tswj kom khiav tawm, tso lawv cov phom thiab lub laub. Pom qhov no, Thawj Roj Teeb ntawm Captain von Stepski tau siv nws rab phom thiab qhib hluav taws rau ntawm Cossacks, tab sis nws tus kheej tsis tuaj yeem tawm hauv hiav txwv av nkos. Kev thim rov qab los ntawm 15th Dragoon thiab cov tsos ntawm Lavxias dragoons, ntxiv rau Cossacks, yuam cov neeg tua phom loj ntawm lub roj teeb thib 1 kom tso lawv rab phom thiab thim rov qab.
9th Dragoon thiab 1st Lancers tsis koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus, vim tias lawv sawv hauv qhov tob thiab tsis qhia lawv tus kheej hauv qhov xwm txheej hauv lub sijhawm. Lawv kuj tsis tau txais kev xaj, txij li tus thawj coj faib, ob tus thawj coj hauv pawg tub rog thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm lawv tus kheej tau maj mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam. General Keller thiab nws cov txiv neej tseem tau tawm hauv tshav rog, tab sis tom qab kawm paub txog kev ntes rab phom, nws rov qab los khaws cov khoom plig. Tom qab ntawd nws rov qab mus rau Lipik. Cov neeg caij nees Austro-Hungarian tau nres thiab tau tuav txoj haujlwm tom qab Volchkovitsy.
Tsis yog tus tub ceev xwm ntawm 9th Dragoon Regiment "Archduke Albert"
Nws muaj riam phom nrog Steyer M1911 rab phom. Steier rab yaj phom yog riam phom zoo heev. Lawv tau yuav luag ob zaug ntawm kev tua, ntau lub peev xwm hauv phau ntawv xov xwm thiab lub zog loj dua. Ua tsaug rau lawv, Austro-Hungarian cov neeg caij tsheb tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua li cov neeg Lavxias tau siv riam phom Nagant.
Epilogue
Txog thaum kawg ntawm hnub ntawd, Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 11 thiab 8th Cavalry Kev Sib cais tsis tshwm. Qhov poob ntawm qhov faib 4 tau zoo heev. 15th Dragoon poob txog 150 leej neeg thiab ntau tus nees. 13th Lancer Major Vidal, thov 34 tua thiab 113 raug mob, raug coj mus kaw. Tag nrho Austro-Hungarian poob, suav nrog cov tub rog, muaj txog 350 leej. Qhov poob ntawm cov neeg Lavxias tseem nyob hauv ntau pua leej. Ua tsaug rau kev txawj ntse zoo dua, lawv tswj tau ntes Zaremba los ntawm kev xav tsis thoob. Txog thaum kawg ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, nws tsis muaj tswv yim txog kev tawm tsam ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Cov neeg Lavxias tau tuav lub tswv yim thoob plaws hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab tau tawm tsam tsis tu ncua. Peb qhov kev ua tau zoo tshaj ntawm Lavxias cov phom loj ua rau nws muaj peev xwm xav tias Tshooj 9 Cavalry tau koom nrog hauv rooj plaub no. Ntawm qhov tod tes, Zaremba muaj 64 rab phom tshuab, tab sis lawv tau siv tsawg heev. Cov phom tshuab hauv pab tub rog Austro-Hungarian xyoo 1914 tseem yog qhov tshiab, thiab tsis muaj kev paub txaus hauv lawv siv. Cov tub rog tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm no.
Ntau tus kws sau keeb kwm xav txog kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Yaroslavitsy yog qhov piv txwv kawg ntawm kev siv cov tub rog nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm Napoleonic Wars. Nws tsis tau nqa ib qho txiaj ntsig uas tsis yog lub koob meej rau cov neeg koom ntawm ob tog. General Keller nws tus kheej qhuas kev ua siab loj ntawm Austro-Hungarian cov neeg caij tsheb, nrog tsuas yog ib thiab ib nrab pab tub rog tawm tsam tag nrho. Nws xav tias nws tau ntsib tag nrho plaub qhov kev faib tawm thiab yog li ntawd tau tawm hauv tshav rog.
Cov ntawv nyeem
Tus neeg txhais lus sau tseg
Rau cov uas txaus siab rau lub ncauj lus, Kuv qhia koj kom nyeem cov ntawv los ntawm A. Slivinsky - tus koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, tus thawj coj ntawm lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm ntawm pawg thib 10. (https://www.grwar.ru/library/Slivinsky/SH_00.html)
Yog tias koj piv cov lus piav qhia no, koj tau txais qhov kev xav tias peb tab tom tham txog cov xwm txheej sib txawv. Txiav txim los ntawm lawv, txhua sab tau txiav txim siab nws tus kheej los ntawm kev xav tsis thoob thiab hais tias nws tsis muaj lub tswv yim txog kev tawm tsam. Yog tias Slivinsky sau hais tias lawv tau tawm tsam los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab npaj rau kev sib ntaus sib tua, uas tau tawm tsam hauv kev tsim 6-8 pawg tub rog dav, ua raws li ob qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov tub rog, tom qab ntawd tus sau ntawm tsab xov xwm saum toj no hais tias kev tawm tsam ntawm ib thiab ib nrab cov tub rog ntawm 13th Lancer yog qhov tshwm sim tshwm sim los ncua cov yeeb ncuab thiab yuav lub sijhawm los ntawm kev muab koj txoj hauv kev faib rau txoj hauv kev. Qhov sib luag yuam thiab tshwm sim yog Zaremba qhov kev txiav txim siab pov lub 15th Dragoon rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua los pab cov kws kho mob. Ib qho ntxiv, tus kws sau ntawv Croatian tsis hais txog qhov rov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov neeg Austrians, thaum lawv (raws li Slivinsky) tsoo los ntawm Lavxias pem hauv ntej thiab mus rau tom qab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Thiab tsuas yog General Keller qhov kev txiav txim siab pov tseg tsuas yog khaws cia rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua - cov neeg ua haujlwm, kev xaj khoom thiab Cossack tus neeg saib xyuas tub rog - cawm txoj kev sib faib los ntawm kev swb.
