Reincarnation ntawm Soviet project. Russia xav txog kev rov kho lub foob pob hluav taws loj

Reincarnation ntawm Soviet project. Russia xav txog kev rov kho lub foob pob hluav taws loj
Reincarnation ntawm Soviet project. Russia xav txog kev rov kho lub foob pob hluav taws loj

Video: Reincarnation ntawm Soviet project. Russia xav txog kev rov kho lub foob pob hluav taws loj

Video: Reincarnation ntawm Soviet project. Russia xav txog kev rov kho lub foob pob hluav taws loj
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Hauv tebchaws Russia, lawv tau pib tham txog kev tsim lub foob pob hluav taws hnyav hnyav. Nws qhov kev teeb tsa yuav raug qhia ntawm Rooj Sib Tham Army-2018 thaum kawg Lub Yim Hli. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, super-hnyav Soviet foob pob hluav taws Energia, uas tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev rov siv tau qhov chaw thauj mus los Energia-Buran, tuaj yeem siv ua lub hauv paus. Lub tsheb loj uas hnyav tshaj plaws no yog lub foob pob Soviet muaj zog tshaj plaws thiab yog ib lub zog tshaj hauv ntiaj teb.

Qhov tseeb tias Roskosmos yuav qhia txog kev teeb tsa ntawm Lavxias lub foob pob hnyav-hnyav tau los paub los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm ntawm lub xeev lub vev xaib kev yuav khoom. Cov ntaub ntawv, uas cuam tshuam txog kev nthuav tawm ntawm Roscosmos ntawm Rooj Sib Tham Army-2018, hais tias Rocket and Space Corporation (RSC) Energia yuav nthuav qhia tus qauv ntawm foob pob hluav taws nrog qhov siab ntawm 5.5 meters, ua rau ntawm ib ntawm nees nkaum. Tsis tas li, nyob rau hauv lub rooj sib tham ntawm lub rooj sab laj, RSC Energia tab tom nthuav qhia tus qauv ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws tshiab Lavxias Soyuz-5, los ntawm ntau theem thawj zaug uas nws tau npaj los tsim thawj theem ntawm lub foob pob hnyav. Lwm tus qauv ntawm Soyuz tau npaj los nthuav tawm los ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Chaw Chaw (RCC) los ntawm Samara. Nws twb paub lawm tias Energia koom nrog txoj kev txhim kho Soyuz-5 foob pob hluav taws, thiab nws yuav raug sib sau ua ke hauv Samara ntawm cov chaw ntawm RCC. Cov Rooj Sib Tham Army-2018 yuav muaj txij hnub 21 txog 26 Lub Yim Hli hauv Patriot Park ze Moscow.

Kuj tseem muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais tias Pawg Neeg Aerospace ntawm Ministry of Defense thiab Aerospace Kev Lag Luam ntawm Koom pheej ntawm Kazakhstan (Kazkosmos) yuav koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov foob pob hluav taws hnyav hnyav Lavxias. Qhov no tau tshaj tawm thaum Lub Yim Hli 1 los ntawm RIA Novosti nrog rau nws cov peev txheej hauv Kazakh profile cov haujlwm. Nws tau tshaj tawm tias txoj haujlwm tsim lub foob pob hluav taws hnyav tau tsim nyob hauv lub tswv yim ntawm kev koom tes ntxiv ntawm ob lub xeev ntawm Baikonur cosmodrome ua qhov tseem ceeb. Tsis tas li, ob lub tebchaws npaj yuav koom ua ke tsim lub foob pob hluav taws ultralight tsim los tso lub hnub qub me me, ntxiv rau tsim cov khoom tsim rau foob pob hluav taws thev naus laus zis ntawm Baikonur.

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Duab

Nyuam qhuav pib, xyoo 2018, Thawj Tswj Hwm Lavxias Vladimir Putin tau kos npe rau tsab cai lij choj ntawm kev tsim lub foob pob hluav taws hnyav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm nws tau paub tias RSC Energia tau raug xaiv los ua tus tsim lub foob pob hluav taws tshiab. Txog qhov kawg ntawm 2019, cov txheej txheem tsim ua ntej rau lub foob pob hluav taws tshiab yuav tsum ua kom tiav, thiab nws thawj zaug tso tawm tom qab ntawd tau teem tseg rau xyoo 2028. Lub foob pob hluav taws hnyav hnyav tshiab tau npaj yuav siv, tshwj xeeb, rau kev ya mus rau Lub Hli thiab Mars. Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias Energia cov kws tshaj lij kuj tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov foob pob hluav taws uas muaj zog tshaj plaws nyob rau lub sijhawm no hauv keeb kwm ntawm peb lub tebchaws.

Lub foob pob hluav taws, tsim los ntawm Energia tshawb fawb thiab koom haum tsim khoom yuav luag 30 xyoo dhau los, tsuas yog ua ob lub dav hlau. Thawj qhov tshwm sim thaum lub Tsib Hlis 15, 1987 - nws yog lub davhlau nrog kev sim ua haujlwm. Lub davhlau thib ob tau ua tiav thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 15, 1988 raws li ib feem ntawm Buran rov siv tau qhov chaw thauj mus los. Yuav luag raws nraim peb lub xyoos dhau los txij li qhov ua tau zoo tsuas yog tsom lub foob pob hluav taws. Tsis yog ua ntej lossis tom qab tsis muaj kev lag luam hauv chaw tsim cov foob pob hluav taws muaj zog uas yuav sib tw nrog Soviet N-1 foob pob hluav taws thiab Asmeskas Saturn-5.

Soviet lub tsheb loj thauj lub zog Energia yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm Energia-Buran rov siv tau qhov chaw thauj mus los (MTKS), txawm li cas los xij, tsis zoo li Asmeskas-tsim Chaw Shuttle MTKS zoo sib xws, nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv tau los ntawm qhov chaw thauj mus los kom thauj khoom mus rau qhov chaw, muaj huab hwm coj loj thiab qhov ntev. Cov khoom thauj tuaj yeem xa tsis yog rau lub ntiaj teb ncig, tab sis kuj tseem mus rau lub hli, ntxiv rau lub ntiaj teb ntawm Hnub Ci. Tsis tas li, "Lub zog" tuaj yeem siv rau kev ya dav hlau, nws txoj kev txhim kho tau cuam tshuam nrog Soviet cov phiaj xwm rau kev nthuav dav thoob plaws kev lag luam thiab chaw ua tub rog. Kev sib tsoo ntawm Soviet Union tau tso qhov kawg rau qhov phiaj xwm no kim thiab kim heev.

Reincarnation ntawm Soviet project. Russia xav txog kev rov kho lub foob pob hluav taws loj
Reincarnation ntawm Soviet project. Russia xav txog kev rov kho lub foob pob hluav taws loj

Tom qab 30 xyoo, muaj lub sijhawm uas tam sim no Russia, txawm hais tias koom tes nrog lwm lub tebchaws, yuav tuaj yeem tsim lub foob pob hluav taws hnyav dua tshiab, siv lub tebchaws Soviet khaws cia rau lub foob pob Energia thauj khoom rau qhov no, lub foob pob hluav taws tshiab tuaj yeem dhau los ua lub hauv paus rau kev ua tiav ntawm txhua qhov chaw xav tau yav tom ntej ntawm peb lub tebchaws. Thaum lub dav hlau rov tuaj yeem rov siv tau "Buran" yuav tseem yog cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm keeb kwm, cov foob pob hluav taws nqa "Energia" hauv kev rov ua dua tshiab ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st tuaj yeem dhau los ua lub hauv paus tshiab rau lub foob pob hluav taws hnyav hnyav. Tshwj xeeb yog xav tias Energia yog lub foob pob hluav taws tshwj xeeb hauv txhua qhov kev hwm. Nws tau dhau los ua thawj tus nyob hauv Soviet Union siv cov roj cryogenic (hydrogen) nyob rau theem txhawb nqa, thiab cov foob pob muaj zog tshaj plaws uas tau tsim hauv USSR. Qhov no tuaj yeem ntsuas tau yooj yim - Energia ua kom pom lub dav hlau ya mus los nrog qhov hnyav tsib zaug loj dua li Proton foob pob hluav taws tam sim no ua haujlwm hauv Russia thiab peb zaug loj dua li American Space Shuttle system.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias chav kawm hnyav-hnyav ntawm cov foob pob hluav taws pib ntawm 50 lossis 60 tons ntawm cov khoom thauj uas tuaj yeem xa mus rau lub ntiaj teb qis qis (rau qhov siab dua orbits lossis rau kev ya dav hlau sib nrug, daim duab no raug faib ua feem). Qhov teeb meem yog nyob rau lub sijhawm 60 xyoo ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav chaw, tsis pom muaj daim ntawv thov rau cov foob pob hluav taws zoo li no, tshwj tsis yog kev tshaj tawm cov neeg siv lub dav hlau mus rau lub hli, nrog rau kev tshaj tawm qhov chaw rov nkag mus rau hauv ntiaj teb qis dua. Cov tsheb loj tshaj plaws no tau dhau los ua nyuaj dhau, kim dhau los tsim thiab ua haujlwm, thiab tsis hloov pauv rau kev siv tau ntau dua, suav nrog rau kev tsim kho lub hnub qub xa xov hnub no rau kev lag luam, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev ua tub rog.

Txawm hais tias txhua yam tau hais los, tib neeg tsis tau tso tseg cov cuaj luaj no, tab sis twb yog ib tiam neeg tshiab. NASA tab tom ua haujlwm foob pob hluav taws npaj rau kev ya davhlau ntawm cov neeg ya saum nruab ntug sab nraum lub ntiaj teb. Lub Chaw Tso Chaw Loj heev tab tom tsim ntawm no. Thiab lub foob pob hluav taws tshiab hnyav Falcon Hnyav ntawm cov tuam txhab Asmeskas ntiag tug SpaceX ua nws lub dav hlau thawj zaug thaum pib xyoo 2018, uas tseem tau nthuav tawm raws li kev lag luam zoo tshaj plaws. Tuam Tshoj tseem muaj nws tus kheej cov phiaj xwm los tsim cov foob pob loj-hnyav, nws cia siab tias Suav cov foob pob hluav taws yuav sib tw nrog cov lus dab neeg Saturn-5.

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Hauv tebchaws Soviet, thaum Tsov Rog Txias, lub tswv yim tsim nws tus kheej foob pob hluav taws hnyav tau hais ob zaug. Thawj qhov haujlwm yog 100-meter H-1 foob pob hluav taws rau txoj haujlwm lunar, uas tau xav tias yuav los sib tw nrog American Apollo program. Xyoo 1974, tom qab plaub lub foob pob foob pob N-1 tsis tau ua tiav, nws tau txiav txim siab tso tseg txoj haujlwm txuas ntxiv. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, USSR xav tau lwm 10 xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm txhawm rau tsim lub foob pob hluav taws Energia, uas thaum kawg ua ob lub dav hlau ua tiav. Lub foob pob hluav taws 60-meter no tau lees paub los ntawm ntau tus kws tshaj lij tias yog lub foob pob muaj zog tshaj plaws thiab niaj hnub no ntawm nws lub sijhawm.

Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab kev tawg ntawm Soviet Union xyoo 1991, lub foob pob hluav taws no tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw dai khaub ncaws ntawm Baikonur cosmodrome, qhov uas nws xeb yam xyuam xim tau ntau xyoo. Ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam chaw hauv tsev raug yuam kom tsis nco qab txog nws lub neej, thiab cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb - cov tshuab hluav taws xob ultra -complex - hauv kev lag luam tau dhau los ua cov khoom lag luam uas tsis tau lees paub ntawm cov thev naus laus zis siab. Rau yuav luag ob xyoo dhau los, thaum Lavxias tau tawm tsam los tsim nws tus kheej thiab pom nws tus kheej nyob hauv ntiaj teb, yuav tsis muaj lus nug txog kev rov kho lub foob pob Energia. Txawm li cas los xij, kev nce nqi roj hauv xyoo 2000 thiab kev rov zoo ntawm Lavxias kev lag luam tau tso cai rau lub tebchaws txhim kho nws txoj haujlwm hauv ntiaj teb. Tias yog vim li cas qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws tshiab-tshiab super-hnyav zoo li yog lub sijhawm zoo rau lub tebchaws, uas yuav pab rov qab Russia mus rau qhov xwm txheej tam sim no hauv qhov chaw ib puag ncig ib yam.

Hauv tsab ntawv thov, kev rov pib ua haujlwm ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws Energia yuav tuaj yeem xa tau txog 20 tons ntawm cov khoom thauj mus rau lub hli lub hnub qub lossis nqa mus txog 80 tons ntawm kev thauj mus los hauv ntiaj teb qis. Thaum thawj lub zog ntawm Energia tuaj yeem tsim lub chaw thauj mus los txuas rau nws ntawm sab, qhov tshiab yuav raug tsim los tso cov khoom thauj khoom ntawm txoj kev taug mus rau lub hli hauv lub qhov ntswg cone nqa khoom. Thaum tau txais Kremlin pom zoo rau kev ua haujlwm, Roskosmos tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus nrog cov kws tsim khoom siv foob pob hluav taws thaum lub Plaub Hlis 2018, uas yuav tsum xa ib qhov haujlwm rau lub foob pob hluav taws hnyav hnyav Lavxias tshiab los txog rau xyoo 2019. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev sib tw rau Energia tshiab ntawm theem ua ntej yog ua los ntawm ob lub foob pob thiab lub foob pob me.

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Yog tias lub tswv yim Energia yeej yeej, Russia yuav xav tsim RD-0120 cov chaw siv pa oxygen dua. Peb lub cav zoo li no yuav nrawm rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws tshiab uas muaj lub cheeb ntawm 7, 7 meters (zoo ib yam li ntawm Soviet Energia). Thiab plaub RD-171s (tawm nrawm ntawm thawj theem, siv roj av thiab tau txais ncaj qha los ntawm Energia) yuav pab foob pob hluav taws thaum thawj ob feeb ntawm nws lub davhlau. Txog tam sim no, peb tsuas tuaj yeem hais nrog qhov tseeb tias lub foob pob hluav taws hnyav hnyav tshiab ntawm Lavxias yog thaum pib ntawm txheej txheem tsim, thiab muaj qee qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov haujlwm no. Tej zaum yuav muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv rau kev xav thaum qhov kev thuam ntawm qhov phiaj xwm super-hnyav yuav raug nthuav tawm rau pej xeem sawv daws thaum kawg lub Yim Hli thaum lub rooj sib tham Army-2018.

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