Nws zoo li NASA tau txiav txim siab ua "Martian" super foob pob hluav taws nrog lub ntiaj teb tag nrho: rau peb qhov kev sib cais ntawm lub koom haum tau koom nrog ib zaug. Cov no yog George Marshall Space Flight Center, Lyndon Johnson Space Center thiab ntxiv rau John F. Kennedy Space Center, uas muab tag nrho keeb kwm nrog nws qhov chaw tso tawm.
SLS mockup hauv NASA tshawb fawb qhov cua
Tab sis qhov no tsis yog tag nrho lub tuam txhab ntawm cov tsim tawm. Ames Research Center yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm lub phiaj xwm, Goddard Space Flight Center yog lub luag haujlwm rau qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev thauj khoom, thiab Glenn Center, uas cuam tshuam nrog cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thiab kev txhim kho kev ncaj ncees. Kev tshawb fawb cov phiaj xwm hauv cua raug xa mus rau Lange Center, thiab kev sim ntsuas lub cav RS-25 thiab J-2X raug xa mus rau Stennis Space Center. Thaum kawg, kev sib sau ua ke ntawm chav ua haujlwm tseem ceeb tshwm sim ntawm Michuda cog.
Tag nrho SLS txoj haujlwm tau muab faib ua peb theem, sib koom ua ke los ntawm ntau lub ntsiab lus: cov pa oxygen thiab hydrogen hauv cov cav ua haujlwm, nrog rau kev sib xyaw ua kom muaj zog ntau zog. Thawj theem ntawm lub hauv paus thaiv (Core Stage) nrog qhov ntev ntawm 64.7 m thiab txoj kab uas hla ntawm 8.4 m tseem yuav zoo ib yam rau txhua qhov kev hloov kho. Yog li, tus tub hlob SLS Thaiv Kuv muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm 70 tons - qhov tsim nyog rau lub zog no yog muab los ntawm plaub lub cav RS -25D. Qhov tseeb, thawj qhov qauv ntawm SLS no yog npaj rau kev lees paub ntawm lub hauv paus chaw thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sim thiab sim ua haujlwm. Cov theem sab saud yog sawv cev los ntawm "ib ntus cryogenic theem qis" ICPS (Lub Sij Hawm Cryogenic Propulsion Stage), ua los ntawm theem thib ob ntawm Delta IV Heavy lub tsheb tso tawm. ICPS muaj ib lub cav-RL-10B-2 nrog lub tshuab nqus tsev ntawm 11, 21 tf. Txawm hais tias qhov "tsis muaj zog tshaj" qhov sib txawv ntawm Thaiv I, lub foob pob hluav taws yuav tsim lub zog xa tawm los ntawm 10% ntau dua li cov lus dab neeg Saturn V. Tus nqa khoom ntawm hom thib ob tau hu ua SLS Block IA, thiab qhov sib npaug nqa lub peev xwm ntawm cov neeg loj no yuav tsum yuav qis dua 105 tons. Ob qhov kev xav tau - thauj khoom thiab thauj neeg, uas yuav tsum rov qab Asmeskas ntau dua plaub caug xyoo dhau los thiab thaum kawg xa tus neeg rov qab los ntawm lub ntiaj teb qis. NASA txoj kev npaj rau cov tsheb no yog qhov coj los siv: raws li ib feem ntawm EM-2 lub hom phiaj, nyob ib puag ncig xyoo 2022, ya ncig lub hli nrog cov neeg coob. Ib me ntsis ua ntej (nruab nrab-2020), nws tau npaj yuav xa cov neeg tsav dav hlau mus rau lub hnub qub ncig ntawm lub dav hlau Orion. Tab sis cov ntaub ntawv no rov qab mus rau lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 2018 thiab tau rov kho dua ua ntej qhov ntawd - yog li, raws li ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm, SLS tau xav tias yuav nce mus rau saum ntuj lub caij nplooj zeeg no.
SLS Thaiv II - tus nqa khoom nrog qhov hnyav sib npaug ntawm 130 tons, twb tau nruab nrog tsib lub cav RS -25D ntawm lub hauv paus thaiv, nrog rau "kev tshawb fawb sab saud" EUS (Kev Tshawb Fawb Qib Siab), uas, nyeg, muaj lossis ob J- 2X sib zog ntawm 133.4 tf txhua. "Tsheb" raws li Thaiv II yog qhov txawv los ntawm lub taub hau loj tshaj qhov ncaj nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 10 meters ib zaug. Cov no yuav yog qhov loj heev, yog tias txhua yam ua tau zoo rau Tebchaws Meskas: hauv qhov kawg ntawm foob pob ua ntxaij, lub foob pob foob pob yuav yog 1/5 siab dua li Saturn V. thiab Cov phiaj xwm rau Block II series kuj tseem muaj lub siab tawv heev - xyoo 2033, xa lub hom phiaj ua haujlwm EM -11, uas yuav taug kev hauv qhov chaw tsawg kawg 2 xyoos. Tab sis ua ntej hnub tseem ceeb no, Asmeskas npaj yuav ya mus rau lub hli lunar 7-8 zaug. Txawm hais tias NASA tab tom npaj tiag los tsaws cov neeg ya saum ntuj nyob rau Mars, tsis muaj leej twg paub.
Kev sim ntawm CECE (Common Extensible Cryogenic Engine) qhov kev sim tswj-cuam tshuam lub tshuab foob pob hluav taws cryogenic, uas tau siv nyob hauv RL-10 txoj haujlwm txhim kho, ua haujlwm txij xyoo 1962 ntawm Atlas, Delta iV, Titan thiab Saturn I foob pob hluav taws. -3.
Cov keeb kwm ntawm SLS series cov cav ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws tau pib xyoo 2015 ntawm qhov sawv ntawm Stennis Center, thaum thawj qhov kev sim tua hluav taws tau ua tiav ntev li 500 vib nas this. Txij thaum ntawd los, cov neeg Amelikas tau ua haujlwm zoo ib yam li kev ua haujlwm moos - ua ntu zus ntawm qhov kev sim puv rau lub davhlau peev txheej ua kom muaj kev ntseeg siab hauv kev ua tau zoo thiab ntseeg tau ntawm lub cav. William Hill, Thawj Tus Thawj Coj ntawm NASA's Manned Research Systems Development Directorate, hais tias:
"Peb tau pom zoo rau SLS txoj haujlwm, tau ua tiav thawj qhov kev sim ntawm kev sim lub foob pob hluav taws thiab lub zog loj, thiab txhua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub kaw lus rau thawj lub davhlau twb tau tsim lawm. Txawm hais tias muaj teeb meem tshwm sim, kev tshuaj xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua haujlwm hais txog kev ntseeg siab tias peb tab tom taug txoj hauv kev mus rau thawj lub davhlau ntawm SLS thiab nws siv los nthuav cov neeg nyob hauv qhov chaw tob."
Thaum ua haujlwm ntawm lub cav, tau hloov pauv - cov nqa khoom ntawm thawj thiab theem ob tau nruab nrog cov khoom siv roj (cov tsuj roj), uas yog vim li cas tus qauv raug hu ua Block IB. Cov theem sab saud ntawm EUS tau txais J-2X oxygen-hydrogen engine, uas yuav tsum tau tso tseg thaum lub Plaub Hlis 2016 vim tias muaj feem ntau ntawm cov ntsiab lus tshiab uas tsis tau ua yav dhau los. Yog li ntawd, peb rov qab mus rau qhov qub RL-10 zoo, uas tau tsim tawm ntau thiab twb tau tswj kom "swoop hauv" ntau tshaj li tsib caug xyoo.
Kev ntseeg tau ib txwm yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov phiaj xwm ua haujlwm, thiab tsis yog ntawm NASA. Hauv cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb NASA hais txog: "Ib pawg plaub lub cav ntawm RL-10 chav kawm tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua hauv txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws. Nws tau pom tias nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev ntseeg tau. " Tsib ntu ntu tau sim thaum kawg Lub Rau Hli 2016 thiab dhau los ua lub cav loj tshaj plaws uas tau tsim los rau lub tsheb pib tiag tiag rau hnub tim. Yog tias peb piv nws nrog Shuttle, tom qab ntawd nws muaj qhov hnyav ntawm 725 tons piv rau 590 tons, thiab lub zog tau nce ntxiv piv rau nws cov neeg ua ntej los ntawm 1250 tf txog 1633 tf. Tab sis SLS Thaiv II yuav tsum tau txais lub zog tshiab tshiab thiab ua kom nrawm dua. Muaj peb txoj kev xaiv. Nov yog qhov phiaj xwm Pyrios los ntawm Aerojet Rocketdyne (yav tas los Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne), nruab nrog ob lub foob pob hluav taws siv los ntawm cov pa thiab kerosene nrog lub zog ntawm 800 tons txhua. Qhov no kuj tseem tsis yog qhov hloov pauv tshiab - "lub cav" yog ua raws F -1, tsim rau thawj theem ntawm tib Saturn V. Pyrios hnub rov qab rau xyoo 2012, thiab 12 lub hlis tom qab, Aerojet, ua ke nrog Teledyne Brown, yog ua haujlwm hnyav ntawm lub tshuab ua kua nrog yim lub pa-kerosene AJ-26-500. Lub zog ntawm txhua tus tuaj yeem ncav cuag 225 tf, tab sis lawv tau sib sau ua ke los ntawm Lavxias NK-33.
Kuaj RS-25 oxygen-hydrogen engine ntawm Stennis Center lub rooj muag khoom, Bay St. Louis, Mississippi, Lub Yim Hli 2015
Thiab thaum kawg, qhov thib peb ntawm lub cav rau SLS tau nthuav tawm los ntawm Orbital ATK thiab tau ua hauv daim ntawv ntawm plaub-ntu muaj zog-ua kom nrawm roj Dark Knight nrog lub zog ntawm 2000 tf. Tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem hais tias txhua yam tau ua tiav zoo rau Asmeskas cov kws tsim txuj ci hauv zaj dab neeg no: ntau lub peev xwm thiab thev naus laus zis tau poob nrog qhov kev kaw ntawm Apollo thiab Space Shuttle cov haujlwm. Kuv yuav tsum tau los nrog txoj hauv kev tshiab ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Yog li, kev sib txhuam txhuam vuam tau qhia kom sib sau ua ke cov roj tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm cov foob pob hluav taws yav tom ntej. Cov cog Michuda tau hais kom muaj lub tshuab loj tshaj plaws rau qhov tsis zoo li kev siv vuam. Tsis tas li hauv xyoo 2016, muaj teeb meem nrog kev tsim cov kab nrib pleb hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm lub hauv paus thaiv, ntau qhov tseeb, hauv cov kua oxygen tank. Tab sis feem ntau ntawm cov teeb meem tau kov yeej.
Cov neeg Amelikas tau maj mam rov qab los rau lawv cov neeg ncig chaw mus rau lub ntiaj teb qis qis thiab dhau mus. Ib lo lus nug tshwm sim tshwm sim: vim li cas thiaj ua li no yog neeg hlau ua haujlwm zoo? Peb yuav sim teb qhov no me ntsis tom qab.
