Kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm riam phom thiab ntau yam haujlwm tiv thaiv neeg ua phem nyob rau xyoo tsis ntev los no tau qhia meej txog qhov xav tau rab phom tshuab lub teeb uas tuaj yeem ua tiav ib rab phom tshuab thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, hloov pauv hnyav lossis phom loj. Thaum mus ntsib Yuri Borisov, uas tuav txoj haujlwm ntawm Tus Lwm Thawj Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Russia, mus rau kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam kev lag luam nyob rau sab hnub tuaj sab hnub tuaj, Urals thiab thaj av Volga, suav nrog cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm Kalashnikov txhawj xeeb hauv Izhevsk, duab ntawm tshiab Izhevsk lub teeb tshuab rab phom hu ua RPK-400 tau xau rau hauv xov xwm. Nws tau tshaj tawm tias Kalashnikov lub teeb tshuab rab phom ntawm 400 series tau tsim los raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev sib tw ntawm Ministry of Internal Affairs ntawm Russia raws li txoj cai "Turner-2". Lub tshuab rab phom tab tom raug tsim los ntawm National Guard nyiam, nrog rau ntau lub zog tshwj xeeb, suav nrog Thawj Tswj Hwm Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb thiab Lub Chaw Tshwj Xeeb ntawm FSB ntawm Russia.
Lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim kho lub tshuab rab phom phom rau nruab nrab (tsis siv neeg) daim cartridge qub heev. Peb tuaj yeem hais tias nws tau rov qab los rau xyoo 1943, thaum lub tshuab luam ntawv ntawm tus qauv 43 ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm 7, 62x39 mm tau tshwm sim hauv USSR. Tus yeej ntawm kev sib tw, tuav thaum lub xyoo ua rog, yog rab phom tshuab tsim los ntawm Degtyarev, xaiv RD-44. Xyoo 1948, tom qab kev sim hauv pab tub rog thiab kev hloov pauv uas tsim nyog, riam phom tau txais los ntawm Soviet Army raws li lub npe 7, 62-mm Degtyarev lub teeb tshuab rab phom lossis RPD yooj yim. Cov cuab yeej siv tshuab thiab ntsuas phoo ntawm lub tshuab rab phom no tau qiv los ntawm Degtyarev tshuab rab phom (DP), thiab txoj siv txoj siv pub tau qiv los ntawm lub npe nrov German MG-42 tshuab rab phom. RPD tau ua tiav, ntseeg tau thiab teeb pom kev zoo (7.4 kg) qauv ntawm cov caj npab me nrog cov mos txwv loj - ib lub thawv uas siv txoj hlua txuas rau hauv qab ntawm rab phom tshuab tuav 100 ncig.
Tsis ntev txaus, twb nyob rau xyoo 1953, GAU txiav txim siab los koom ua ke lub tshuab rab phom thiab rab phom tshuab lub teeb, qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab no, 6 xyoo tom qab, yog kev siv Kalashnikov lub tshuab rab phom tshiab, lossis RPK, los ua haujlwm nrog Soviet Cov tub rog, uas tau koom ua ke nrog AKM. Qhov haujlwm no tau ua tiav ntawm tsob ntoo 74 (raws li lub sijhawm ntawd nws tau hu ua "Izhmash") los ntawm pab pawg tsim qauv MT Kalashnikov nrog tus tsim qauv VV Krupin. Pib txij xyoo 1960, hauv cov tuam tsev siv phom loj, pab tub rog thiab tubrog nkoj, RPD pib hloov los ntawm RPK. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, rab phom tshuab rab phom txeeb los ntawm cov khoom xa mus rau cov tebchaws tsim lossis xa mus rau cov chaw khaws khoom.
Tsis zoo li Degtyarev lub teeb tshuab rab phom, Kalashnikov lub tshuab rab phom rab phom muaj ntawv xov xwm lub zog (ib lub thawv ntawv 40-puag ncig thiab 75-round nruas magazine tau siv), thiab lub taub hau rau rab phom tshuab tau los ntawm Degtyarev cov khoom. Tom qab ntawd, thaum lub sijhawm hloov kho tshiab ntawm Kalashnikov phom ntev hauv Soviet Union, kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm lub tshuab rab phom ntawm tib lub npe kuj tau ua tiav. Piv txwv li, nrog kev hloov pauv mus rau qhov qis qis qis 5, 45x39 mm thiab kev saws phom AK-74, rab phom RPK-74 kuj tau tsim, thiab nrog kev lees paub ntawm AK-74M-RPK -74 MAS Lub tshuab rab phom kawg, zoo li rab phom Kalashnikov ntawm "pua pua koob", tau nquag muab rau kev xa tawm, suav nrog hauv daim ntawv rau NATO daim cartridge 5, 56x45 mm (RPK-201), thiab hauv cov ntawv rau daim cartridge 7, 62x39 mm (RPK-203).
Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias nyob nruab nrab xyoo 1970s, hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm Poplin lub ntsiab lus, R&D tau ua tiav hauv Soviet Union txhawm rau txhawm rau nrhiav kev hloov pauv rau PKK, nws tau npaj los tsim lub tshuab phom tshuab nrog ua ke (phau ntawv xov xwm thiab siv tawv) daim kab xev muab khoom siv. Soviet kev sib piv ntawm lub npe nrov Belgian FN Minimi, uas tau txais lub npe PU-21 thiab tau tsim los ntawm pab pawg tsim muaj A. I. Nesterov, Yu. K. Aleksandrov, V. M. Kalashnikov (tus tub ntawm Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov) thiab M. Dragunov, Nws dhau mus qhov kev sim ua tiav tau zoo, tab sis vim yog "trifles" - tsis muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd ntawm lub tshuab siv tau yooj yim rau nruab cov kab xev nrog cov cartridges ntawm caliber 5, 45x39 mm - txoj haujlwm tseem tsis tau txuas ntxiv.
NATO paub txog qhov xav tau rab phom tshuab tib lub sijhawm, thaum hloov los ntawm qhov hnyav 7.62 mm cartridge mus rau qhov tshiab 5, 56 mm cartridge, uas sai dhau los ua tus qauv phom loj ntawm feem ntau lub tebchaws ntawm cov tub rog-nom tswv pawg (zoo li ntau lwm lub xeev). Kev hloov pauv mus rau daim cartridge tshiab muab qhov xav tau rab phom tshuab rab phom tshiab rau nws. Yog li Belgian lub tuam txhab FN pib ua haujlwm ntawm nws txoj kev txhim kho. Ua ntej pom hauv xyoo 1974, FN Minimi lub tshuab rab phom tau txais koob meej sai.
Kev hloov pauv mus rau daim cartridge tshiab yog vim muaj kev paub dhau los thaum muaj kev tsov rog loj thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv ntiaj teb tau ua los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas thiab nws cov phoojywg sab hnub poob hauv xyoo 1960 nyob rau sab Asia, Africa, Latin America thiab Middle East. Qhov kev paub no tau qhia ua tiav qhov tsis tsim nyog ntawm cov phom tsis siv neeg tsim rau NATO 7.62 mm cartridge, vim qhov tawg loj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tua nyob rau hauv tawg tas li. Qhov nce ntawm qhov raug ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov phom tsis siv neeg uas twb muaj lawm nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tau cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov caj npab me mus rau lub zog me dua ntawm 5, 56 mm. Qhov kev hloov pauv no, nyeg, muab qhov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj rau ntawm caj npab me ntawm 7, 62 mm muaj peev xwm ob qho tib si hauv kev sib ntaus thiab kev muaj peev xwm tswj tau (qhov ntev ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj ncaj qha tau tswj nrog txo qis zog) thiab hauv kev ntsuas nyiaj txiag. Qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev sib ntaus los ntawm kev siv rab phom tshiab 5, 56-mm M16 thaum Tsov Rog Nyab Laj tau tso cai los ntawm Asmeskas pab tub rog, uas tseem ua haujlwm txhawb rau kev tsim cov riam phom zoo li no, tsim los rau qhov tsis muaj zog cartridge, hauv lwm lub tebchaws, suav nrog Belgium …
Hauv tebchaws Russia, lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim lub tshuab phom rab phom nrog kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov mos txwv rov qab los thaum kawg xyoo 2015, thaum Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg Hauv Nroog tshaj tawm qhib kev sib tw rau kev tsim cov caj npab me me raws li txoj cai "Turner-2" ". Raws li daim ntawv tshaj tawm kev sib tw xyoo 2017, cov qauv ntawm rab phom tshuab tshiab yuav tsum tau npaj rau kev xeem hauv lub xeev, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev tsim cov phom phom loj yuav tsum tau pom zoo. Nws tau npaj yuav siv 25.56 lab rubles rau cov laj thawj no. Raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv, Kord-5, 45 rab phom lub teeb tshuab rab phom (ntsuas PR-5, 45), uas muaj lub zog sib xyaw ua ke, yuav tsum muaj lub thoob luv thiab ntev, siv lub thawv ntawv ntawm 5, 45x39 mm, hnyav tsis ntau tshaj 7 kg, muaj qhov ntev tsis tshaj 900 hli thiab tus nqi hluav taws kub 800-900 puag ncig ib feeb. Lub tshuab rab phom yog siv los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 60 puag ncig lossis lub thawv uas muaj txoj siv sia tsim rau 100/250 puag ncig. Lub phom tua phom tshiab yog tsim los txhawb pab pawg ua phem thaum ua haujlwm hauv nroog lossis hauv qhov chaw uas nyob ib puag ncig.
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev cia siab rau caj npab me me thiab cov qauv uas twb muaj lawm yog tias lub tshuab tua phom hnyav yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tua hauv ib puag ncig hauv nroog, ob qho tib si ntawm txoj kev thiab hauv chav ntawm thaj chaw me me thiab ntim, tso cai rau tus neeg tua hluav taws los tsim kom muaj hluav taws ntau dua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov tshwm sim ntawm "qhov ua tsis tau pom yav tom ntej" ntawm kev tua hluav taws raug txo qis, uas yog, kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsoo los ntawm cov phab ntsa lossis ua kom zoo los ntawm lawv. Qhov no yog ua tiav los ntawm kev siv cov phom me uas tsis muaj zog ntau dua li ib leeg Lavxias 7, 62-mm tshuab rab phom PKP "Pecheneg". Lwm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Korda-5, 45 thiab LMGs hauv kev pabcuam, ua rau nws haum tshaj plaws rau kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv qhov chaw raug kaw, yog nws qhov ntev me me thiab qhov hnyav, nrog rau kev siv riam phom ntau dua.
Txawm hais tias lub npe "Kord" qhia meej meej tias muaj peev xwm cog lus - Degtyarev Kovrov Plant (ZID), Kalashnikov kev txhawj xeeb tau ua tiav kev tsim ua haujlwm ntawm kev txhim kho zoo ib yam, txawm tias nrog cov zaub mov hauv khw. Thawj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog Izhevsk lub tshuab rab phom tshiab, thaum xub thawj pom zoo RPK-16, tau tshwm sim hauv xov xwm thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis xyoo tas los. Thiab tom qab rab phom tshiab AK-400 tau nthuav tawm thaum lub Tsib Hlis 2016, cov peev txheej los ntawm Lavxias cov tub rog-kev ua haujlwm nyuaj thaum lub sijhawm Eurosatory 2016 nthuav tawm hais tias lub teeb RPK-400 lub teeb tshuab rab phom tseem yuav tsim los ntawm qhov phom loj no, uas yuav tsum koom nrog hauv kev sib tw tshaj tawm hauv lub tebchaws raws txoj haujlwm "Turner-2". Yog li, kev txhawj xeeb Kalashnikov tam sim no tab tom txhim kho tag nrho kev koom ua ke ntawm cov caj npab me me, txuas ntxiv cov kab lis kev cai qub txij li pom ntawm AKM / PKK.
Nws tseem tsis tau paub tias rab phom tshuab RPK-400 tshiab tau tua los ntawm qhov ntsia liaj qhov rooj qhib lossis los ntawm qhov kaw, sau Magnum magazine. Txiav txim los ntawm cov duab luam tawm ntawm qhov tshiab, rab phom tshuab siv cov cuab yeej siv roj ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg. Lub tshuab rab phom tau tsim los rau kev siv lub zog qis qis 5, 45 × 39 mm. Cov kab uas hla feem ntau yuav xauv los ntawm tig lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj, zoo li hauv RPK-74 lub tshuab rab phom thiab ib rab phom PKM nkaus xwb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tseem tsis muaj ntaub ntawv qhia txog seb RPK-400 puas muaj peev xwm hloov pauv tau sai. Chav tsev tso roj nrog lub tog raj kheej roj nyob hauv qab cov phom ntawm cov riam phom, zoo li hauv PKM. Lub tshuab rab phom tshiab yog qhov txawv los ntawm qhov muaj cov nqa nqa. Kev tshem tawm tau yooj yim telescopic bipods tau txuas rau hauv qab ntawm lub thoob ntawm rab phom tshuab lub teeb. Lub taub qab ntawm lub tshuab rab phom tau ua quav, telescopic. Qhov muzzle nres-them nyiaj zoo ib yam li qhov tshiab ntawm Izhevsk "plaub puas koob" AK-400 phom ntev. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua ntej ntawm RPK-400 lub tshuab phom rab phom muaj Picatinny txoj kab tsim los txhawm rau txuas ntau yam ntxiv ntxiv, uas suav nrog tuav hauv ntej, tus tsim lub laser lossis lub teeb nyem zoo.
Rau txhua qhov laj thawj pom tseeb, hauv kev tsim qauv, cov ntsiab lus qhia ntxaws txog RPK-400 lub tshuab rab phom lub teeb tseem tsis tau raug nthuav tawm, tab sis qee yam twb tau dhau los paub rau cov neeg sau xov xwm. Tshwj xeeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj tawm hauv online all4shooters.com sau hais tias lub tshuab rab phom yuav nruab nrog lub thoob tsis pub rub (lub bipod cov ntawv txuas thiab lub hauv ntej pom lub hauv paus tau txav mus rau chav roj), uas, ua ke nrog ib leeg- hom tua hluav taws ntawm lub tshuab rab phom thiab muaj peev xwm txhim kho ntau yam kev pom qhov pom ntawm txoj kev tsheb nqaj hlau Picatinny tso cai rau RPK-400 lub tshuab siv lub tshuab rab phom kom siv nyob nrug deb thiab zoo li rab phom sniper. Zoo li AK-400, cov khoom lag luam yog tsom iav, nws quav tau dawb thiab tuaj yeem kho tau ntev.
Cov ntawv xov xwm nruas tsim los rau 95 puag ncig tau siv los siv lub tshuab rab phom tshiab, yav dhau los cov ntawv xov xwm no twb tau siv ua ke nrog rab phom AK-12. Vim tias tsis lees paub txoj siv txoj siv pub mis, RPK-400 lub tshuab rab phom yuav tsum hnyav dua li muab los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv (nws tau tshaj tawm tias lub tshuab tshuab rab phom tshiab tsuas yog hnyav dua me ntsis ntawm qhov hnyav AK-400 rab phom tshuab), uas ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau tua los ntawm nws txhais tes. Kev nthuav dav ntawm Izhevsk txoj kev txhim kho tshiab yog raws li hauv qab no: phom hnyav "hnyav" nrog lub bipod thiab lub thoob loj, qhov sib piv ntawm rab phom sniper (hauv qee qhov xwm txheej), ntxiv lossis hloov mus rau ib rab phom tshuab nrog rau rab phom cartridge thaum sib ntaus hauv ib lub nroog lossis hauv qhov chaw raug kaw, thiab thaum taug kev taug kev.
