Ib xyoos ib zaug thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 13, peb lub tebchaws ua kev zoo siab Hnub ntawm Kev Tshaj Tawm Hluav Taws Xob, Tshuaj thiab Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob ntawm Russia. Txog rau xyoo 1993, lawv tau raug hu ua cov tub rog tshuaj lom neeg, tom qab - cov hluav taws xob, tshuaj lom neeg thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias - cov tub rog tshwj xeeb hauv Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog ntawm Lavxias Federation, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb uas yog tiv thaiv lub tebchaws cov tub rog los ntawm riam phom ntawm kev puas tsuaj loj siv ntau yam khoom siv tshwj xeeb rau qhov no. Xyoo 2018, pab tub rog tiv thaiv RCB ua kev zoo siab lawv lub hnub nyoog 100 xyoos.
Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias niaj hnub niaj hnub ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob, tshuaj lom neeg thiab tiv thaiv kab mob muaj nws tus kheej daim ntawv tshaj tawm hnub tim 13 lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1918, thaum, raws li kev txiav txim ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Tawm Tsam Kev Tawm Tsam ntawm koom pheej hauv qab tus lej 220, kev pabcuam tshuaj lom neeg ntawm Cov Tub Rog Liab tau tsim, thiab txheej txheem tsim thawj lub cev thiab cov khoom tiv thaiv tshuaj tiv thaiv pib. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb, kev tsim cov tub rog tshuaj lom neeg tau pib hauv Lavxias Imperial Army thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1.
Nws yog cov xwm txheej ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib uas tau dhau los ua lus qhuab qhia thaum muaj tshwm sim ntawm NBC cov tub rog tiv thaiv niaj hnub no ntawm Cov Tub Rog Lavxias. Thawj pawg ntawm cov tub rog tshuaj lom tau tshwm sim hauv pab tub rog Lavxias xyoo 1915, thiab txog thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo tom ntej, 12 pab pawg tshuaj lom neeg tau tsim hauv pab tub rog, ntxiv rau 10 pab pawg tua hluav taws thiab 4 lub roj teeb hluav taws xob. Cov chav phom loj tau nquag tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj tiv thaiv. Xyoo 1917, hauv kev sib cais thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias, tau tsim cov pab pawg npog ntsej muag, uas tau tso siab rau txoj haujlwm ntawm kev qhia cov tub rog hauv kev tiv thaiv tshuaj lom neeg, npaj thiab kho cov qhov ncauj qhov ntswg, ua kev soj ntsuam huab cua thiab tshuaj lom neeg, thiab ceeb toom cov tub rog txog tshuaj lom los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab.
Tom qab cov xwm txheej kev tawm tsam thiab qhov kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog hauv lub tebchaws xyoo 1924-1925, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm kev hloov kho, cov hauv paus tau tso rau kev tsim cov tshuaj pabcuam ntawm Red Army, nrog rau cov tub rog tshuaj, cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb heev tau coj mus rau kev tsim ntawm kev tswj hwm hauv paus ntawm lawv. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 15, 1925, nyob rau hauv lub taub hau ntawm kev muab khoom ntawm Red Army, tau tsim tshwj xeeb Cov Tub Rog Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kev Ua Haujlwm. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj kev tsim yog los sib sau ua ke kev tswj hwm cov khoom siv tub rog-tshuaj lom neeg thiab kev tshawb fawb ua haujlwm hauv lub tebchaws hauv kev txhim kho txoj hauv kev tshiab ntawm kev tiv thaiv thiab riam phom ntawm cov tub rog tshuaj lom neeg. Thaum pib xyoo 1925, cov tshuaj lom neeg tau muaj nyob hauv txhua rab phom thiab cov tub rog ntawm pab tub rog liab, thiab xyoo 1927 - hauv kev sib faib thiab pab tub rog.
Tam sim ntawd ua ntej Great Patriotic War nyob rau xyoo 1939-1940 hauv USSR, cais cov tub rog ntawm PHO-tiv thaiv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cais cov tub rog sib cais ntawm koog tsev kawm ntawv thiab hauv paus hauv paus. Cov tuam txhab Degassing tau tsim los ua ib feem ntawm cov tub rog, cov tub rog thiab cov phom sib faib, thiab hauv cov tub rog - platoons ntawm PHO thiab pab pawg tua hluav taws. Hauv tank cov tub rog thiab kev sib cais, cais cov tuam txhab tshuaj tua hluav taws thiab cov tub rog tau tsim, uas tau npaj rau tawg thiab teeb tsa cov ntxaij vab tshaus camouflage. Raws li ib feem ntawm cov hauv paus tub rog thiab hauv cov dav hlau, kev sib cais ntawm APO thiab cov pa luam yeeb camouflage tau tsim.
Kev txhim kho cov tub rog tshuaj txuas ntxiv mus thaum Tsov Rog Loj Patriotic, vim tias muaj kev hem thawj ntawm kev siv riam phom tshuaj los ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees. Thiab tom qab Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob xaus, cov tub rog tau ntsib cov teeb meem tshiab thiab kev hem thawj. Qhov tshwm sim thiab nthuav tawm ntawm riam phom nuclear, nrog rau cov kab mob (lom) uas tuaj yeem siv rau lub hom phiaj sib ntaus, coj mus rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov haujlwm tshiab sai los tiv thaiv pab tub rog los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm yam tshiab ntawm riam phom ntawm kev puas tsuaj loj. Kev daws cov haujlwm no tau tso rau cov tub rog tshuaj lom neeg.
Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1986, USSR thiab lub ntiaj teb tau poob siab los ntawm cov xov xwm ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm Chernobyl nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag. Kev puas tsuaj Chernobyl tau dhau los ua piv txwv ntawm kev ua phem rau tib neeg niaj hnub no thiab kev sim hnyav rau lub tebchaws Cov Tub Rog, suav nrog cov tub rog tshuaj lom neeg. Cov tub rog tshuaj lom neeg tau ua haujlwm ntau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm qib hluav taws xob siab thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm Chernobyl kev sib tsoo. Txog kev ua siab loj thiab kev ua siab loj rau tus kheej pom tib lub sijhawm, ntau pua tus tub rog thiab cov tub ceev xwm ntawm cov tub rog tshuaj lom neeg tau nthuav tawm rau ntau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tsoomfwv xaj thiab khoom plig. Kev paub txog kev tshem tawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm Chernobyl nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag tau qhia txog qhov xav tau los tsim tshwj xeeb mobile formations ntawm tshuaj lom neeg tub rog, uas nyob rau lub sijhawm txij xyoo 1986 txog 1989 tau tsim nyob hauv txhua lub nroog tub rog hauv lub tebchaws.
Cov tub rog siv tshuaj lom tau raug sim hnyav thaum muaj kev ua phem nyob rau Afghanistan thiab Chechnya, qhov twg aerosol thiab flamethrower-incendiary txhais tau tias siv dav. Cov kev paub dhau los hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua qhia txog kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv kev tawm tsam ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog tua hluav taws, txiav txim siab txhim kho ntxiv ntawm lawv cov kev teeb tsa. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 1992, cov tub rog tshuaj lom neeg tau hloov npe ua hluav taws xob, tshuaj lom neeg thiab tshuaj lom neeg tiv thaiv tub rog. Lub npe tshiab qhia tag nrho cov haujlwm uas lawv tau npaj tseg.
Niaj hnub no, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm RChBZ pab tub rog ntawm Lavxias Cov Tub Rog tau tsim los ntawm cov tub rog sib cais, cov tub rog thiab cov tub rog, uas suav nrog cov pab pawg muaj peev xwm ua tau txhua yam ntawm RCB kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm RCB tiv thaiv pab tub rog niaj hnub no suav nrog:
- kev txheeb xyuas thiab tshuaj xyuas hluav taws xob, xwm txheej thiab tshuaj lom neeg lom neeg, ntsuas thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm hluav taws xob, tshuaj lom neeg thiab tshuaj lom neeg lom yam khoom;
- ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev tsim thiab chav nyob ntawm Lavxias Kev Ua Tub Rog los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm riam phom ntawm kev puas tsuaj loj (WMD) thiab hluav taws xob, tshuaj lom neeg, kab mob sib kis;
- txo qhov pom ntawm cov tub rog thiab cov khoom tseem ceeb;
- tshem tawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev raug xwm txheej (kev puas tsuaj) thiab kev puas tsuaj uas tib neeg tsim los ntawm hluav taws xob, kev siv tshuaj lom neeg thiab ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg;
- Ua rau poob rau cov yeeb ncuab pab tub rog los ntawm kev siv nplaim taws pov rau hauv txhais tau tias.
Chij ntawm hluav taws xob, tshuaj lom neeg thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm pab tub rog RF
Kev tiv thaiv RCB tau ua tiav tag nrho, tsis yog thaum sib ntaus nrog kev siv riam phom ntawm kev puas tsuaj loj, tab sis tseem tsis tau siv nuclear, tshuaj lom neeg thiab riam phom lom los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab thiab suav nrog:
- Tshawb nrhiav kev tawg nuclear;
- hluav taws xob, tshuaj lom neeg, kev tshawb pom lom neeg ntawm thaj chaw thiab tswj;
- sau thiab ua cov ntaub ntawv hais txog hluav taws xob, tshuaj lom neeg, kab mob lom neeg;
- ceeb toom ntawm cov tub rog txog kev kis mob RCB;
- nqa tawm kev kho tshwj xeeb (degassing, tshem tawm thiab tua kab mob) ntawm cov tub rog thiab cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, riam phom, teeb tsa thiab lwm yam khoom, nrog rau kev ua kom huv ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog;
- kev tawm tsam aerosol rau kev saib xyuas cov yeeb ncuab thiab lub hom phiaj txhais tau tias.
Niaj hnub no, NBC cov tub rog tiv thaiv ntawm Cov Tub Rog Lavxias tau sau ntau qhov kev paub dhau los, uas tau siv tsis yog hauv kev qhia ua tub rog nkaus xwb, tabsis tseem ua haujlwm hauv kev kawm, tshawb fawb thiab txheej txheem. Tam sim no, tau saib xyuas ntau ntxiv rau kev kawm thiab kev ua tiav tom ntej ntawm kev paub los ntawm cov tub rog hauv kev ua tsov rog hauv zej zog thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv riam phom mus rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Hauv qhov no, tsuas yog nyob rau lub sijhawm txij xyoo 2015 txog 2018, 29 qhov kev tawm dag zog ntawm ntau qib tau ua nyob hauv Russia, suav nrog 8 kev tawm dag zog ua ke nrog cov tub rog ntawm tseemfwv qibsiab cov thawj coj ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg thiab chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear hauv lub tebchaws.
Txhua xyoo hauv tebchaws Russia, raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev siv NBC kev tiv thaiv txhais tau tias, riam phom thiab khoom siv tshwj xeeb, kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tau ua tiav, uas yog txhawm rau txhim kho cov txhais lus no thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm lawv kev siv kev sib ntaus. Coj mus rau hauv tus account tias nyob rau xyoo tsis ntev los no tau saib xyuas zoo tau them rau cov teeb meem ntawm lub teb chaws kev muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv, RCB system rau kev tiv thaiv cov tub rog tau hloov pauv tas li. Qhov no feem ntau yog los ntawm kev muab tub rog thiab tub rog nrog cov qauv niaj hnub ntawm NBC cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv. Piv txwv li, thaum kawg ntawm 2018, kev faib cov qauv niaj hnub no hauv cov tub rog yuav ntau dua 65 feem pua, thiab los ntawm 2020 - tsawg kawg 70 feem pua.
RKhM-6 ntawm 27th cais NBC tiv thaiv pawg tub rog ntawm kev tawm dag zog kom tshem tawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj muaj kuab paug hauv thaj av Kursk thaum Lub Peb Hlis 21, 2018
Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb tseem tau them rau kev txhim kho ntau yam kev siv neeg hlau rau NBC cov tub rog tiv thaiv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thawj tus "neeg hlau" hauv Cov Tub Rog tau tshwm sim meej hauv cov tub rog no thiab tau npaj los daws cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Cov no suav nrog cov cuab yeej siv mobile KPR thiab tswj cov neeg hlau nyob deb ntawm hluav taws xob thiab tshawb nrhiav tshuaj RD-RKhR, uas yog cov cuab yeej txheem ntawm cov tub rog thiab tsim ntawm NBC pab tub rog. Cov txheej txheem neeg hlau tau tso cai rau cov tub rog ua haujlwm tiav ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas cov tshuaj thiab hluav taws xob hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev nkag siab ntau hauv huab cua thiab hauv av ntawm cov tshuaj muaj kuab lom thiab qib hluav taws xob siab, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv thaj chaw muaj kev phom sij ntau li ntau tau.
Niaj hnub no, cov tub ceev xwm tau kawm rau RChBZ pab tub rog ntawm Tub Rog Kev Kawm Txuj Ci Hluav Taws Xob, Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv thiab Tshuaj lom neeg muaj npe tom qab Marshal ntawm Soviet Union Timoshenko. Lub tsev kawm ntawv no muaj npe nrov rau nws cov kev coj noj coj ua thiab muaj peev xwm kawm tiav. Tam sim no, muaj kwv yees li 200 tus neeg sib tw ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab 30 tus kws kho mob ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov kws qhia ua haujlwm ntawm Academy, thiab 13 lub tsev kawm tshawb fawb tau ua haujlwm tau zoo ntawm cov tuam tsev ntawm Academy. Hauv nws thaj chaw, Tub Rog Tub Rog ntawm NBC Kev Tiv Thaiv yog ib lub tsev kawm qib siab tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb; ntau dua li ib txhiab tus tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov tub rog raug cob qhia hauv nws. Niaj hnub no, kev kawm ntawv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv no tau ua tiav nrog kev siv thoob plaws kev siv tshuab kev kawm, cov tsev qiv ntawv hluav taws xob tau nthuav dav. Kev nyiam kev loj hlob ntawm kev ua tub rog nyob hauv Lavxias tau nyiam mloog rau tsev kawm qib siab thiab zoo nkauj ib nrab ntawm tib neeg. Ob xyoos dhau los, VA RKhBZ tau nrhiav cov ntxhais. Xyoo 2018, kev sib tw ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj ntau dua 6 tus neeg rau ib qho chaw.
Kev cob qhia cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov tub ceev xwm ntawm NBC tiv thaiv pab tub rog hauv 10 tus tub rog tshwj xeeb rau kev xav tau ntawm Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog ntawm Lavxias tau ua nyob rau hauv 282nd Transylvanian Red Banner Order ntawm Alexander Nevsky Kev Qhia Chaw rau Hluav Taws Xob, Tshuaj thiab Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob. Pab tub rog. Cov chav kawm, kev hais kom ua thiab kev qhia ua haujlwm hauv tsev thiab cov khoom siv tsim hauv nruab nrab ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav cov txheej txheem ntawm kev qhia cov tub ntxhais hluas tshwj xeeb ntawm RChBZ cov tub rog nrog kev ua tau zoo txaus hauv ib puag ncig uas ze li sai tau rau qhov tseeb.
Cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm 282nd Chaw Kawm Haujlwm ntawm NBC Cov Tub Rog Tiv Thaiv xyaum lawv cov txuj ci hauv "Ratnik" kev tawm tsam thiab hauv PMK-4 lub npog ntsej muag roj
Raws li Tus Thawj Coj Loj Igor Anatolyevich Kirillov, Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Hluav Taws Xob, Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv thiab Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kev Nyab Xeeb ntawm Cov Tub Rog Lavxias, hauv xyoo 2019 nws tau npaj los ua cov txheej txheem ntsuas hauv lub tebchaws uas yuav tsom mus rau txhim kho cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob, tshuaj lom neeg thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cov tub rog thiab cov pej xeem ntawm Russia. Ntawm lwm yam, kev tawm dag zog ib leeg yuav tsum tau ua, nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm uas, ua ke nrog tsoomfwv txoj cai tswjfwm, cov teeb meem ntawm kev ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub chaw muaj teeb meem hluav taws xob nyob rau niaj hnub no yuav ua haujlwm tawm. Kev qhia yog qhov tseem ceeb, vim nws tau ua thawj zaug. Qhov ua tiav ntawm kev qhia ntawm RChBZ cov tub rog nyob rau xyoo tom ntej yuav yog qhov kev tawm dag zog tshwj xeeb "Zashchita-2019". Tsis pub dhau lub moj khaum ntawm Zashchita-2019, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm txoj hauv kev tshiab los ua kom tiav cov haujlwm uas tau hais tseg yuav raug tshuaj xyuas, suav nrog kev rov txhim kho cov tub rog nrog riam phom niaj hnub, ntxiv rau cov qauv tshiab ntawm cov tub rog thiab cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Cov phiaj xwm tshaj tawm rau xyoo 2019 tsuas yog hais qhia tias RChBZ cov tub rog tab tom txhim kho hauv peb lub tebchaws raws li siv ob pab tub rog uas muaj peev xwm daws tau ntau yam dej num hauv ob lub sijhawm ua tsov ua rog thiab thaum muaj kev thaj yeeb thaum lub sijhawm tshem tawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau yam xwm txheej uas tib neeg tsim thiab muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm hluav taws xob, tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov khoom lag luam phom sij lom neeg. kev lag luam.
Raws li Minister of Defense ntawm Lavxias Federation, niaj hnub no cov tub rog ntawm hluav taws xob, tshuaj lom neeg thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob tau ua tiav daws cov haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab nyuaj ntawm kev teeb tsa kev tiv thaiv ntawm Cov Tub Rog thiab cov pej xeem ntawm Russia los ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev siv ntau hom riam phom ntawm kev puas tsuaj loj, koom nrog hauv kev tshem tawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev puas tsuaj uas tib neeg tsim thiab kev puas tsuaj ntuj tsim.
Thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 13, Voennoye Obozreniye ua kev zoo siab rau cov tub rog ua haujlwm, nrog rau cov qub tub rog ntawm hluav taws xob, tshuaj lom neeg thiab tshuaj lom neeg tiv thaiv tub rog ntawm lawv hnub so haujlwm.
