General Burnside's carbine: thawj zaug nrog cov hlau phom

General Burnside's carbine: thawj zaug nrog cov hlau phom
General Burnside's carbine: thawj zaug nrog cov hlau phom

Video: General Burnside's carbine: thawj zaug nrog cov hlau phom

Video: General Burnside's carbine: thawj zaug nrog cov hlau phom
Video: Peb Hmoob 5 Tus Neeg Muaj Suab Nrov Npe (#Version Hais lus hmoob)...!#payengxa lor #sunisa lee 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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General Burnside's carbine: thawj zaug nrog cov hlau phom
General Burnside's carbine: thawj zaug nrog cov hlau phom

Nws tau tua ib zaug, thiab tua ob zaug, thiab lub mos txwv xuav mus rau hauv hav txwv yeem …

"Koj tua zoo li tub rog," Kamal hais tias, "qhia kuv tias koj tsav tsheb li cas."

R. Kipling. Ballad ntawm Sab Hnub Poob thiab Sab Hnub Tuaj

Kev ua tub rog ntawm qhov tig ntawm lub sijhawm. Tej zaum, tsis tas li ntawd kev ua tsov rog ua rau kev txhim kho hauv zej zog kom sai li sai tau, piv txwv li, thaum Tsov Rog Zaum Ob hauv Tebchaws Meskas xyoo 1861-1865. Nws tau pib nrog ib rab riam phom, thiab xaus, qhov tseeb, nrog lwm qhov, thiab qhov no nyob rau lub sijhawm thaum qhov kev xav ntawm kev xav tau muaj zog heev, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ncaj ncees. Tab sis xav tau yuam, thiab lub sijhawm maj nrawm nrog qhov tsis tau pom dua. Qhov kev txhawj xeeb no, ua ntej tshaj plaws, caj npab me me, riam phom loj tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog.

Hauv ib qho ntawm cov ntawv yav dhau los, Phom Phom Phom Loj, thawj rab phom ntsaws rau hauv Tebchaws Meskas, ua rau muaj kev txaus siab heev ntawm cov neeg nyeem VO. Niaj hnub no peb tseem yuav tham txog lwm qhov piv txwv ntawm cov caj npab me uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau lub sijhawm tig ntawm lub xyoo pua: Burnside thawj lub taub hau ntsaws ntsaws ntsaws ntsaws ntsaws ntswj carbine.

Zoo, peb yuav tsum pib los ntawm kev hais tias Hall carbine, uas tau ua haujlwm ncaj ncees rau Asmeskas cov tub rog caij nees ntev, yog qhov qub dhau ntawm kev ncaj ncees thiab lub cev, thiab nws tau txiav txim siab hloov nws nrog qee yam tshiab. Thiab ntawm qhov "qee yam" no tsoomfwv Meskas tau npaj them 90 txhiab daus las, cov nyiaj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd yog qhov txiav txim siab heev. Thiab, tau kawg, coob leej xav tau lawv.

Raws li rau Ambrose Burnside, tom qab kawm tiav los ntawm West Point xyoo 1847, nws twb tau tswj kom sib ntaus hauv Mexico thiab nrog Isdias Asmesliskas, nws paub zoo txog cov teeb meem cavalrymen muaj riam phom. Thiab paub, nws tau sim tsim lub cavalry carbine, tsis muaj qhov ua tsis tau paub rau nws. Ntxiv mus, nws tau tawm qhov kev pabcuam twb tau ua tiav xyoo 1853. Pom tau tias, nws txoj kev nyuaj tau zoo li tus tub ceev xwm ib yam nkaus "hnyav heev."

Ib zaug ntxiv, nco qab tias qhov no yog lub sijhawm rab phom ntsaws ntsaws ntsaws ntsaws. Tus qauv riam phom ntawm Asmeskas cov tub rog nyob rau xyoo ntawd yog qhov sib tsoo ntawm 1855 tus qauv ntawm lub xyoo (hloov kho tshiab xyoo 1861), uas, ntawm chav kawm, tsis muaj txoj hauv kev haum rau tus neeg caij tsheb, txawm tias tom qab hloov pauv mus rau hauv carbine.

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Puas yog Burnside muaj cov neeg ua ntej ntawm nws tus qauv nws tuaj yeem saib thiab nqa qee yam los ntawm lawv? Yog, muaj, tshwj xeeb, Christian Sharps, uas patented nws rab phom rov qab rau xyoo 1848; Ntxiv mus, txij li xyoo 1850, nws tau pib tsim los ntawm ntau lub tsev haujlwm Asmeskas. Nws kuj tseem tau thauj khoom los ntawm lub breech nrog cov ntawv ib txwm siv nrog lub Minier mos txwv, muaj qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tseem ceeb, tab sis muaj ib qho nthuav dav nthuav dav hauv nws qhov kev tsim: tsuas yog lub ntsej muag ntse ntawm txoj kab ntsug zawv zawg ntawm ib sab uas nyob ib sab ntawm lub breech ntawm lub thoob. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov pom uas ua rau nws cov riam phom nrov tiag. Tau muab tus kheej tso rau hauv daim cartridge mus rau hauv lub tog raj kheej, tus tua hluav taws tsuas yog xa rov qab lub qhov rooj kaw qhov rooj, ua tiav ua ke nrog tus tiv thaiv tus tiv thaiv, rau nws qhov chaw qub. Tus ntsia liaj qhov rooj tau nce mus, txiav tawm hauv qab ntawm lub tes tsho ntawv nrog lub ntsej muag ntse, yog li tam sim no txhua yam uas tau tso tseg yog muab cov tshuaj tsau rau ntawm lub raj thiab … tua. Tsis muaj "knead lub cartridge", "tom lub cartridge", "thawb lub cartridge rau hauv lub thoob" tsis xav tau ntxiv lawm!

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Muaj tseeb, daim ntawv tsho tsis zoo ib txwm raug tshem tawm, thiab ntxiv rau, lawv tau tsau hauv dej, uas Burnside tsis nyiam. Yog li ntawd, nws ib txhij tsim ob daim cartridge thiab carbine, thiab qhov txiaj ntsig, nws yog nws tus qauv uas dhau los ua thawj tus qauv ntawm caj npab me me hauv keeb kwm ntawm Tebchaws Meskas rau cov hlau phom.

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Cov kab ntawv no yog Burnside qhov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Nws muaj cov duab zoo ib yam, tau ua los ntawm tooj dag thiab tau muab tso rau hauv chav ntsia liaj qhov rooj los ntawm ib sab tig mus rau lub thoob, thaum lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj los ntawm kev ua ntawm lub qib nyob hauv qab tus txais tau raug tsa los ntawm lub thawv ntim khoom. Tsis zoo li cov cartridges niaj hnub no, tsis muaj qhov hluav taws kub nyob hauv nws, thiab qhov no yog nws qhov tsis zoo. Txhua daim cartridge muaj lub qhov me me hauv qab, npog nrog ciab. Yog li ntawd, rau kev tua los ntawm sab nrauv ntawm tus ntsia liaj qhov rooj, tau muab cov qauv txheej txheem rau hauv, uas tau muab cov qauv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov kab ntawv no tau hloov pauv tshiab thiab muaj txiaj ntsig, tab sis twb dhau los lawm thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog, yog li tsis muaj kev mob siab rau ua txuas ntxiv tsim cov Burnside carbines tom qab qhov kawg ntawm kev ua phem.

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Yog li, xyoo 1856, Burnside tsim nws cov carbine, thiab xyoo 1857 nws twb yeej qhov kev sib tw ntawm West Point, yog qhov zoo tshaj ntawm 17 lwm yam qauv ntawm carbines nthuav qhia rau nws. Tsoomfwv tau xaj 200 carbines tam sim ntawd, tab sis qhov no tsawg dhau, thiab Burnside, tsis cia siab tias yuav ua tiav, muag nws cov feem ntawm cov patents thiab tuam txhab rau qee yam Charles Jackson xyoo 1858. Qhov xwm txheej tau hloov pauv nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm kev ua tsov rog, thaum lub sijhawm ntau dua 55,000 carbines tau xaj rau Union cov tub rog caij nees hauv tsib qhov kev txhim kho sai.

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Burnside carbines tau pib ua kim heev rau kev tsim khoom. Yog li, xyoo 1861, tus nqi ntawm ib lub carbine yog 35, 75 Asmeskas las. Tab sis maj mam, raws li thev naus laus zis tau tsim, nws poob qis. Yog li xyoo 1864 ib lub carbine tsuas yog $ 19.

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Txij li rab phom Burnside tau tsim tawm hauv ntau txhiab leej, qhov no ua rau nws yog rab phom nrov tshaj plaws thib peb hauv Kev Tsov Rog Zaum Ob; tsuas yog Sharps thiab Spencer carbines tau paub me ntsis zoo dua. Thiab cia peb hais cov carbines no tau hais txog niaj hnub no thiab ua tiav. Tab sis ntawm qhov tod tes, "Burnside" tau tawm tsam ntev dua, thiab ntxiv rau, lawv tau siv hauv txhua lub tsev ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog. Thiab muaj ntau ntawm lawv uas ntau cov carbines raug ntes ua khoom plig los ntawm Confederates. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas cov neeg tua phom uas siv cov carbines yws txog yog tias nws lub tes tsho qee zaum tau daig hauv lub breech tom qab txhaj tshuaj.

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Raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm daim ntawv thov rau mos txwv, nws tau suav tias nyob rau lub sijhawm xyoo 1863-1864. Burnside carbines tau ua haujlwm nrog 43 Union pab tub rog rog. Ib qho ntxiv, nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv tau ua tub rog nrog 7 tus tub rog caij nkoj ntawm Confederate pab tub rog, yog tias tsis yog tag nrho, tab sis tsawg kawg ib nrab … tag nrho, txog 100,000 ntawm cov carbines no tau tsim!

Muaj tsib qhov paub piv txwv ntawm cov carbine no. Tab sis thaum kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Zaum Ob, lawv kev tsim khoom tau tso tseg, thiab Lub Tuam Txhab Phom Loj Burnside tau hloov mus rau kev tsim cov Spencer carbines.

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Nws qhov tshwj xeeb yog tias nws muaj cov ntawv xov xwm uas tuav xya lub phom hlau phom, uas tau pub rau hauv lub qhov taub ntawm txoj hlua los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav hauv cov ntawv xov xwm. Lub khw tau thauj khoom los ntawm taub qab phom. Thaum tus tiv thaiv tus tiv thaiv tau qis dua, lub breech kuj tau qis dua, thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv daim cartridge raug pov tseg. Thaum tus neeg tiv thaiv rov qab mus rau nws txoj haujlwm qub, tus ntsia liaj qhov rooj tau txav mus, rub daim cartridge tshiab thiab tso nws mus rau hauv lub qhov ncauj. Txhawm rau ua kom nrawm dua txheej txheem, lub thawv Blakeslee tau tsim, uas muaj ob peb phau ntawv xov xwm uas tuaj yeem nkag tau sai rau hauv cov khoom. Hauv tag nrho, tsoomfwv tau yuav ntau dua 95,000 Spencer carbines thaum ua tsov rog.

Lwm qhov kev kawm niaj hnub ntawm Burnside carbine thiab nws cov yeeb ncuab sib tw yog.52 caliber carbine tsim los ntawm Jerome H. Tarpley ntawm Greensboro, North Carolina, uas tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj rau nws los ntawm tsoomfwv Confederate thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1863. Nws tau tsim los ntawm J. I. F. Garrett lub tuam txhab hauv Greensboro txij xyoo 1863 txog 1864. Tab sis Tarpley carbines tsis tshua muaj neeg pom. Tsuas yog ob peb puas ntawm lawv tau ua.

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Lub carbine muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tsim los ntawm cov tub rog xav tau. Tus txais tau ua los ntawm tooj dag tsis kho. Lub chim tau blued thiab rauj tawv. Lub qhov rooj kaw rov qab rau sab laug. Qhov teeb meem loj ntawm carbine yog tias nws tsis muaj lub foob los tiv thaiv cov pa tawm ntawm qhov ntsia liaj qhov rooj thiab lub thoob thaum raug rho tawm. Cov roj cua uas tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov hmoov dub yog cov yaig heev. Yog li ntawd, nrog txhua qhov kev txhaj tshuaj, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsia liaj qhov rooj thiab cov thoob tau nce, uas, ntawm chav kawm, tsis ntxiv rau nws qhov kev ntseeg tau. Tab sis nws siv cov ntawv mos txwv ib txwm. Txawm hais tias cov carbine tau tsim feem ntau rau cov tub rog, nws kuj tau muag lag luam. Nws yog tib rab phom Confederate uas tau muag rau cov pej xeem thaum ua tsov rog. Tarpley muaj qhov ntxim nyiam ntxim nyiam, tab sis nws yuav tsum tsuas yog siv los ntawm cov neeg muaj zog qab haus huv!

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Gilbert Smith, uas nyob hauv Buttermilk Falls, New York, yog kws kho mob. Tab sis, zoo li ntau tus neeg txaus siab rau lub sijhawm, nws tau qhia zoo heev hauv caj npab me. Hauv 50s ntawm XIX xyoo pua, nws tau xa ntau daim ntawv thov rau lub xub pwg-nqa cov caj npab me me, thiab, zoo li Burnside, nws pib los ntawm kev tsim ib daim cartridge tshiab nrog lub hnab roj hmab.

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Zoo, nws qhov kev tshawb fawb xaus nrog qhov tseeb tias xyoo 1857 nws tsim lub carbine ntawm qhov muaj kuab heev, yog tias kuv yuav hais li ntawd, tsim qauv. Nws hnyav 3.4 kg, tag nrho ntev ntawm 1000 mm thiab lub thoob ntev ntawm 550 mm. Caliber.50 Smith. Cov carbine koom nrog hom "tawg", uas yog, phom nrog cov thooj av tso rau kom thauj khoom. Tab sis lub thoob xauv, tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub phaj steel caij nplooj ntoo hlav nrog lub qhov nyob tom qab, yog sab xis ntawm lub thoob! Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm tus txhais tau tias yog "pusher", nias ntawm uas tsa lub phaj, lub thoob tau qis dua, thiab nws lub chaw them nyiaj qhib. Yooj yim thiab thev naus laus zis. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum xub thawj lub carbine tseem raug nqi $ 35 (1859), uas yog vim li cas nws thiaj li tsis tau txais kev pabcuam. Tab sis kev ua tsov rog hloov txhua yam. Xyoo 1861, tus nqi rau nws poob rau $ 32.5, thiab tsoomfwv tau pib yuav Smith carbines. Lawv tau ua tub rog nrog 11 pab tub rog ntawm cov neeg nyob sab qaum teb, thiab tag nrho 30,062 chav nyob raug tso tawm! Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog daim cartridge. Yog, nws tsis tau ntub, tab sis nws tsis yooj yim los tshem nws tawm ntawm chav, thiab ntxiv rau, nws ua rau hluav taws tsis zoo ntawm cov carbine.

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James Greene patented qhov txawv txawv tsim ntawm nws breech-loading carbine rov qab rau xyoo 1854 thiab tawm tswv yim tias nws yuav tsim los ntawm Massachusetts Arms Company ntawm Chicopee Falls. Nws tswj kom muag 300 carbines rau Asmeskas tub rog. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sim hauv thaj av xyoo 1857 pom tias lawv ua tau txawv heev rau cov neeg caij tsheb siv. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tub rog Askiv tau txiav txim siab loj dua rau lawv, pom tias npaj siab yuav nruab Cape Town cov phom loj nrog lawv.

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Cov tub rog Askiv muaj 18-nti thoob (Asmeskas-22-nti), tab sis tsis zoo ib yam li Asmeskas cov phom. Ntsuab siv lub kaw lus kaw uas lub thoob tig 90 degrees thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb los ntawm ob lub logs loj hauv qhov xauv qhov zawj ntawm lub thav duab ntawm riam phom. Hauv qhov no, lub thoob tau ntim rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thiab tig rau ntawm tus pas qhia hauv qab nws. Zoo, kom ua kom yooj yim tig nws, nws muaj ntu ntu uas nyob tom qab qhov pom. Daim cartridge yog daim ntawv lossis daim ntaub, thiab rab koob conical nrog cov channel sab hauv tau muab rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm tus ntsia liaj qhov rooj, txhawm rau lub hauv paus ntawm daim cartridge thaum lub qhov ntsia liaj qhov rooj raug kaw. Qhov koob no coj cov roj ntws ncaj qha mus rau hauv cov hmoov hmoov ntawm daim cartridge, uas, ntawm chav kawm, yog qhov kev txiav txim siab tsim nyog. Ob qhov yuav tsum tsis txhob xav tsis thoob. Thawj qhov tshwm sim tau tso tawm lub tog raj kheej.

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Cov neeg Askiv siv sijhawm ntau xyoo los tshuaj xyuas cov mos txwv rau Green's carbines, tab sis lawv tsis tuaj yeem nrhiav cov khoom siv uas txaus txaus los txhawm rau nws nrog rab koob ntsia ntsia, tab sis tib lub sijhawm ruaj khov rau siv hauv qhov chaw. Thaum kawg, lawv raug rhuav tshem lossis muag thiab tsis tau siv hauv kev sib ntaus.

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Raws li rau Ambrose Burnside nws tus kheej, nws tau nce los ntawm qib thiab dhau los ua tus dav, feem ntau yuav yog qhov tseeb vim tias nws cov carbine tau paub zoo. Thawj Tswj Hwm Lincoln tau thov ntau zaus uas nws coj los ntawm Union Army ntawm Potomac. Thiab Burnside tsis kam lees nws tas li thiab tshaj tawm ncaj ncees tias nws tsis tuaj yeem hais kom cov tub rog loj li no. Thaum twg, thaum kawg, nws tau yaum kom ua li ntawd, nws cov lus txib coj mus rau yeej ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Fredericksburg. Burnside cov tub ceev xwm pib yws txog nws qhov tsis muaj peev xwm mus rau Tsev Dawb thiab Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tsov Rog. Thiab txhua yam nws tau xaus nrog qhov tseeb tias nws tau raug mus sib hais, uas tau liam nws ntawm ntau qhov ua tsis tiav, tab sis tom qab ntawd nws tau raug txim, txawm hais tias nws poob nws qib uas raug. Tab sis nws tau poob qis hauv keeb kwm nrog nws cov carbine thiab cov phom sij!

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