LAD lub tshuab rab phom tuaj yeem suav nrog qhov piv txwv tshwj xeeb ntawm Soviet caj npab me. Ib rab phom tshuab tshuab tshiab chambered rau rab phom rab yaj phom tau ua tiav dhau qhov kev xeem hauv xyoo 1943, qhia qhov txiaj ntsig zoo. Dua li ntawm qhov ntsuas tau zoo, LAD yeej tsis tau saws.
Hitler lub saw pom
Qhov tseeb tiag ntawm kev tsim LAD lub teeb tshuab rab phom pib los ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Cov Tub Rog Liab tau poob rau Wehrmacht hauv cov khoom no. Txhua qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm tub rog German tau ua raws kev siv MG-34/42 rab phom tshuab ib leeg, ib puag ncig uas txhua pawg tau tsim. Qhov tseeb, tus so ntawm pab pawg tau ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov nqa khoom ntawm rab phom tshuab. MG-34/42, ua tsaug rau txoj siv pub mis thiab muaj peev xwm hloov pauv tau sai, muab cov hluav taws kub ceev heev. Nws kuj tseem paub txog nws qhov hluav taws kub siab txog li 1,200 thiab txawm tias 1,500 zaug ib feeb twg hauv MG-42 tus qauv. Nws tsis yog qhov xwm txheej uas lub tshuab rab phom txawm tias tau txais lub npe menyuam yaus "Hitler's ncig pom."
Nws yog nrog kev siv rab phom tshuab hluav taws nrawm nrog qhov ceev ntawm qhov hluav taws kub uas qhov kev ntseeg thoob plaws tau txuas nrog tias cov tub rog German tsis muaj kev zam tshwj xeeb nrog riam phom tsis siv neeg. Lub tshuab rab phom DP-27 tsis tuaj yeem sib tw nrog German MG, thiab Maxim easel tshuab rab phom tsis yog nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd qhov siab ntawm kev xav engineering. Qhov no tau ua tiav ntawm qhov kev poob loj ntawm caj npab me los ntawm Red Army. Xyoo 1941 ib leeg, kwv yees li 130 txhiab DP rab phom tshuab tau ploj mus, thiab xyoo 1942 cov tub rog poob lwm 76 txhiab lub tshuab phom phom. Qhov kev poob ntawd coj mus rau qhov tseeb tias twb tau nyob hauv lub xeev ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog sib faib, tus naj npawb ntawm lub teeb tshuab rab phom hauv lub tuam txhab sib piv nrog ua ntej ua tsov rog ib zaug poob ob zaug ib zaug. Raws li cov xwm txheej no, pab tub rog xav tau rab phom rab phom uas siv tau yooj yim thiab txawj ua ntau lawm.
Tshuab rab phom LAD thiab nws cov yam ntxwv
Lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim lub tshuab rab phom LAD yog rau cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm NIPVSO, tus kws tshaj lij-tus thawj coj V. F. Lyutoy, N. M. Dr. Afanasyev thiab Tus Kws Tshaj Lij Loj V. S. Deikin. Kev raug cai, riam phom tau hu ua "lub tshuab siv rab phom rab phom chambered rau TT rab phom rab phom." Lub npe luv - LAD (raws li thawj tsab ntawv ntawm cov npe ntawm cov riam phom tsim). Tus qauv tau tsim los suav nrog cov kev paub dhau los ntawm kev ua haujlwm sib ntaus. Tshwj xeeb, nws tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tias ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm theem txiav txim siab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev ncua deb, uas tsis tshaj 300-400 meters. Ntawm qhov no, lub zog ua kom tuag ntawm TT rab phom rab phom nrog thawj zaug ceev txog 600 m / s yuav txaus.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tsim tawm ntawm rab phom tshuab tshiab tau sau tseg qhov tseeb tias PPSh cov tshuab xa hluav taws xob tam sim no thiab DP lub tshuab phom phom tsis muaj peev xwm muab qhov xav tau ntawm qhov hluav taws kub siab vim yog lub khw muag khoom siv hauv lawv. Nyias, nws tau taw qhia tias lawv cov mos txwv tau txwv, nrog rau qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm rab phom submachine rau tua ntev. Kuj tseem ceeb yog qhov muaj peev xwm siv LAD tshuab rab phom tshiab rau kev ua tub rog tub rog, pab tub rog thiab suav cov phom loj. Rau cov tub rog, cov riam phom tuaj yeem siv tau zoo, vim tias feem ntau cov phom tau teeb tsa ncaj qha rau hluav taws, feem ntau txawm tias nyob rau ntawm xub ntiag ntawm cov tub rog. Hauv qhov no, kev muaj lub tshuab phom tshuab nrog qhov hluav taws kub zoo ntawm lub roj teeb tuaj yeem dhau los ua kev pab loj hauv kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab ua ntej.
LAD tshuab rab phom tshiab chambered rau rab phom rab yaj phom 7, 62x25 mm yog tus yam ntxwv muaj peev xwm ua tau yooj yim dua thiab hnyav dua riam phom tsis siv neeg ntau dua li tus qauv Soviet DP lub tshuab rab phom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhua qhov kev khaws nyiaj hauv qhov hnyav ntawm qhov riam phom ua tiav tau qhia los ntawm cov kws tsim khoom, ua ntej tshaj plaws, txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau hnav cov mos txwv. Cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm riam phom yog raws li hauv qab no: ntev - 956 mm, hnyav nrog bipod (tsis muaj lub thawv nrog cartridges) - 5.3 kg, ua ke nrog lub thawv rau 150 ncig, qhov hnyav ntawm qhov riam phom tau nce mus rau 7, 63 kg ua. Tus nqi hluav taws - 600 ncig ib feeb (txhua qhov ua tau zoo los ntawm qhov chaw kalashnikov.media).
Cov riam phom tau tsim los rau kev siv TT rab phom rab yaj phom, ntsaws rau hauv daim hlau, tsim rau 150 thiab 300 puag ncig. Ib lub thawv me me nrog daim kab xev tuaj yeem txuas nrog lub tshuab rab phom rau tua "ntawm qhov txav mus". Ib qho ntxiv, tus lej thib ob ntawm kev suav tau nqa pob tshwj xeeb lub hnab ntim khoom, uas muaj ob lub thawv uas muaj kab xev rau 600 puag ncig. Kev tua los ntawm lawv tau ua tiav yam tsis koom nrog riam phom.
LAD tshuab rab phom tau tsim los ua qhov yooj yim thiab thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis ntau li ntau tau, ua los ntawm cov ntawv hlau nrog tuab li 1.5 hli. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim riam phom yuav tsum thwj, riveting thiab vuam. Kev siv lub tshuab rab phom tshiab tau siv raws li kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ob lub hauv paus ntsiab lus uas paub zoo - rov qab los ntawm lub qhov cua daj cua dub pub dawb thiab cov phiaj xwm tso pa tawm, thaum muaj kev nrawm ntxiv tshwm sim nrog cov hmoov av. Tsis muaj tus neeg txhais lus tua hluav taws ntawm riam phom. Cov cartridges tau pub ncaj qha los ntawm daim kab xev, lub tshuab pub mis uas tau muab tso rau ntawm lub npog npog.
Cov txheej txheem, rab phom tshuab lub teeb muaj plaub ntu: lub thoob thiab lub txais, lub npog tau txais nrog daim kab xev pub lub tshuab, pom cov cuab yeej, rab phom tswj tuav thiab pob tw; shutter; ntsia liaj qhov rooj qhia nrog lub ntsiab lus sib tw; cov thawv nrog lub tshuab rab phom. Lub thoob ntawm lub tshuab rab phom tau nruab nrog lub qhov ncauj nres. Lwm qhov ntawm lub tshuab rab phom muaj nplaim hluav taws-tswb, zoo li hauv DP.
Yuav ua li cas LAD lub tshuab rab phom pom nws tus kheej hauv kev sim
Lub tshuab LAD lub teeb tshuab tau tsim tawm hauv ob qho tib si. Ib qho ntawm cov tshuab phom sib dhos tau sim hauv xyoo 1943 ntawm NIPSVO - Kev Tshawb Fawb Ntau Yam Ntawm Lub Caj Npab Me Me ntawm GRAU (Tus Thawj Coj Loj Artillery). Nws kuj tseem hu ua Shchurovsky qhov chaw xeem. Cov keeb kwm caj npab me me Andrei Ulanov tau sau txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sim rab phom tshuab tshwj xeeb hauv kev tshaj tawm kalashnikov.media.
Hauv kev sim, rab phom tshuab tshiab ua tau zoo. Kev suav ntawm cov neeg tsim riam phom tau lees paub. LAD muaj kev ntseeg tau zoo heev. Rau 1,750 qhov kev txhaj tshuaj (tom qab riam phom tau raus rau hauv hav dej, tshwj xeeb ua kom cov hmoov av nrog cov cement thiab lwm yam "thab plaub" muab los ntawm qhov kev xeem), tsuas yog tsib qhov kev ncua raug kaw. Kev tua kom raug pom tau tias LAD lub tshuab rab phom zoo dua hauv qhov ntsuas no mus rau PPS lub tshuab rab phom ntawm qhov deb ntawm 100 thiab 300 meters thiab ntawm qhov kev tua no yog siv tau zoo ib yam rau DP lub teeb tshuab rab phom chambered rau 7, 62 × 54 mm R phom phom cartridge.
Ib qho ntxiv, kev sib piv tua los ntawm LAD thiab PPSh tau ua tiav. Kev tua tau ua tiav ntawm ntau pab pawg ntawm cov hom phiaj ntawm qhov sib txawv deb thiab cov lus qhia nrog kev coj ua ntawm kev sib ntaus. Thaum lub sijhawm ntsuas, tsis yog tsuas yog lub hom phiaj nce qib ntawm cov tua thiab cov yeeb ncuab tshuab rab phom npog nws qhov kev ua phem nrog hluav taws tau ua raws, tab sis kuj yog hla kev tswj hwm, thaum tus neeg tua hluav taws yuav tsum xa hluav taws mus rau lwm lub hom phiaj. Kev sim tau pom tias tus tua phom nrog LAD lub tshuab rab phom tau tua nws 600 tawm zaus nrawm dua li cov tub rog tua phom nrog PPSh. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub tshuab rab phom tau ua tiav ntau qhov kev ntaus - 161 piv rau 112 rau rab phom submachine.
Daim ntawv tshaj tawm suav sau los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ntsuas ntsuas tau hais qhia: qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws suav hais tias thaum siv LAD tshuab rab phom siv los ua ib feem ntawm pab tub rog, pab pawg tua hluav taws nyob deb li ntawm 500 meters yuav luag ob npaug. Qhov kev txiav txim siab zaum kawg raws li qhov kev ntsuas ntawm NIPSVO qhov chaw sim hais tias rab phom tshuab rab phom tshiab tau pom tias ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab ua tau zoo. Nws tau pom zoo, tom qab hloov kho riam phom, kom tso tawm LAD rab phom tshuab rau dav dua, nrog rau kev xeem tub rog ntawm qhov tshiab. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev pom zoo no tsis tau ua tiav.
Vim li cas LAD tsis raug saws
Hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab zaum kawg, raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev xeem hauv NIPSVO, nws tau qhia:
1. Hais txog kev ua haujlwm thiab kev sib ntaus, nrog rau kev ntseeg tau ntawm kev ua haujlwm, lub tshuab rab phom tau ua tiav qhov txiaj ntsig zoo.
2. Vim tias lub zog qis ntawm cov phom rab yaj phom uas twb muaj lawm TT 7, 62x25 mm, uas ua rau txo qis hauv kev sib ntaus ntawm lub tshuab rab phom, nws tsis tsim nyog los tsim hom riam phom zoo sib xws, ua tau zoo dua qub hauv kev ua haujlwm rau lub submachine uas twb muaj lawm. phom, yav tom ntej."
Cov haujlwm tau los rau qhov kev txiav txim siab zoo sib xws, sib piv LAD nrog cov phom uas twb muaj lawm uas twb paub lawm. Uas, ntawm qhov one tes, saib ncaj ncees, tab sis ntawm qhov nws tsis ua. Raws li txoj cai, raws li txhua tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb, LAD tau siv lub tshuab rab phom kom raug, yog li nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsig ntau los sib piv cov riam phom nrog lawv. Yog li, tus qauv ntawm tus tsim qauv Vasily Fedorovich Lyutoy muaj tus lej pom tau zoo dua txhua lub Soviet nres tsheb muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, tshwj tsis yog cov phom me me uas ua tau zoo. Qhov tom kawg yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev siv lub zog qis TT rab phom rab phom. LAD tsis tuaj yeem sib tw nrog lub tshuab rab phom chambered rau rab phom rab phom 7, 62x54 mm txawm hais txog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm tshav rog, lossis nkag mus rau lub zog ntawm cov mos txwv, uas tseem ceeb heev.
LAD tau dhau los ua ib qho kev daws teeb meem nruab nrab, uas yog nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom siv phom loj uas muaj tam sim no thiab DP-27 lub tshuab rab phom. Qhov tseeb, riam phom tuaj yeem raug cais ua phom hnyav nrog lub peev xwm sib ntaus sib tua, tab sis tsis muaj ntxiv lawm. Nws tau txiav txim siab tsis muaj peev xwm los qhia cov caj npab tshiab me me rau hauv kev tsim khoom thaum ua tsov rog. Qhov no kuj tseem cuam tshuam los ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm kev txhim kho thawj lub tsev nruab nrab qib nruab nrab 7, 62x39 mm, qauv 1943. Cov mos txwv no tau muab qhov xav tau ntawm kev hnyav ntawm qhov riam phom thiab qhov xav tau ntawm kev ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, suav nrog kev tua ntau yam. Nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm daim cartridge no, qhov ploj ntawm cov phom submachine los ntawm tshav rog, nrog rau cov qauv tshiab ntawm cov riam phom tsis siv neeg chambered rau rab phom rab yaj phom, tsuas yog teeb meem ntawm lub sijhawm.
