Tau ntau tshaj kaum xyoo koj tau kho kom zoo nkauj
Blessed Tsev ntawm Petrov, Elizabeth tau ua raws
Hauv Monarch qhov siab ntawm khoom plig, Tso cov neeg raug tsim txom
Thiab txhawb kom cov neeg ua txhaum, Tilted qhov siab saum ntuj
Xa koj los ntawm txoj hmoo phem, Kom kav peb
Thiab so cov dej ntws los rau peb."
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau Nws Tus Vaj Ntxwv Imperial, Tus Muaj Hwj Chim Tshaj Plaws Tshaj Plaws Tshaj Plaws Tus Vaj Ntxwv Tus Cawm Seej Ekaterina Alekseevna, tus tswj hwm ntawm txhua lub tebchaws Russia, rau nws txoj kev zoo nkauj nce mus rau Tag Nrho-Lavxias Imperial Throne thaum Lub Rau Hli 28, 1762. Hauv qhov kev qhia ntawm kev xyiv fab tiag tiag thiab kev mob siab rau ua siab ncaj, kev zoo siab tau coj los ntawm txhua tus neeg qhev Mikhail Lomonosov.
Keeb kwm ntawm riam phom. Zoo, koj tuaj yeem ua dab tsi, nws yog ib txwm coj los lav rau cov thawj coj nrog khoom plig, uas Vajtswv tau tso cai rau dab tsi: leej twg sau nqe, nws hais lus zoo nrog nqe, uas nkag siab hauv cov khoom siv tes ua - ua qee yam khoom, zoo nkauj thiab kim. Muaj pes tsawg tus piv txwv peb paub txog thaum ib tus vaj ntxwv European nyob hauv Nrab Hnub nyoog tau muab lwm cov cuab yeej kim kim, cov thawj coj sab hnub tuaj tau muab saber nrog ruby tuav ntawm ib leeg, rajas hauv Is Nrias teb (thiab rajams!) Muab ntxhw, qhov khoom plig ntawm rab ntaj muaj txiaj ntsig hauv Nyij Pooj tau hloov cov yeeb ncuab los ua phooj ywg. Thiab nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias qhov kev coj noj coj ua no txuas ntxiv mus rau hnub uas muaj phom. Thiab hnub no peb yuav qhia koj txog qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov khoom plig zoo li no. Nws tuaj yeem hais txog tag nrho cov "khoom" no: "lub qhov muag pom, tab sis cov hniav tsis quav ntsej", txij li txawm tias cov uas tau ua hauv Russia nyob deb heev los ntawm nws niaj hnub no. Tab sis yuav ua li cas, nws tsuas yog tshwm sim. Tab sis peb tuaj yeem saib tsawg kawg ntawm lawv ntawm no …
Thiab txij li peb tau xa cov paj huam txog Catherine II los ua epigraph, tom qab ntawd … cia pib nrog qhov khoom plig ntawm kev tua phom ntawm nws lub sijhawm. Tej zaum qhov khoom plig zoo tshaj plaws thiab ntxim nyiam tshaj plaws yog ib khub rab yaj phom los ntawm Catherine Great (1729-1796), ua xyoo 1786 los ntawm St. Lawv yog ib feem ntawm cov khoom kim heev uas tua phom nrog ntsaum thiab cov kaus ntxhw cov khoom, ua los ntawm nws tshwj xeeb rau tus poj huab tais. Qhov no tau hais meej los ntawm lub monogram "E" ntawm tus tiv thaiv caj npab. Cov txheej txheem pib muaj ob rab phom thiab rab phom tua tsiaj, thiab tau tsim xyoo 1786. Thiab tsuas yog Catherine muab rau nws nyiam, huab tais Polish kawg, Tub Vaj Ntxwv Stanislav Lub Yim Hli Poniatowski (1732-1798), uas nws txhawb nqa ob qho tib si raws li nws tus hlub thiab … raws li huab tais ntawm Poland (kav 1763-1795). Qhov txaus siab, rab phom nrog cov kaus ntxhw nyob rau sab hnub poob Europe tau tawm ntawm kev zam los ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, tab sis nyob rau lub hlis kawg ntawm ib puas xyoo lawv tau nyob rau hauv vogue ntawm Lavxias lub tsev hais plaub. Qhov ntev ntawm rab yaj phom yog 36.8 cm. Tab sis qhov phom nyob qhov twg yog tsis paub. Cov khub tau nkag mus rau hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej Metropolitan Museum of Art hauv New York ua khoom plig xyoo 1986.
Kev sau ntawm Metropolitan Tsev khaws puav pheej tseem suav nrog ob rab phom flintlock rau Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich (1779-1831). Lawv tau tsim nyob ib puag ncig 1801. Cov phom me no yog ib feem ntawm kev tsim tshwj xeeb tsim phom phom tsim los ntawm Tula Arms Factory kom nthuav tawm rau Emperor Alexander I thiab nws peb tus kwv tij nyob rau lub sijhawm uas nws tau ua huab tais nyob rau xyoo 1801. Txhua ntawm plaub tus nus muag tau txais ib txheej ntawm tsib qhov ua kom zoo nkauj phom tua phom, suav nrog rab phom tua mos lwj, rab phom ntev phom, blunderbuss, thiab ob rab phom. Cov phom no yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm Tula riam phom rau nws cov qauv tsim neoclassical, kev siv thev naus laus zis thiab cov yam ntxwv zoo nkauj zoo nkauj. Nrog rau qhov khoom plig no, Tula cog tsis tsuas yog them khoom plig rau nws cov neeg saib xyuas huab tais, tab sis kuj tau qhia txog kev paub txuj ci thiab txuj ci kev txawj ntse uas nws tau nto moo heev. Tsis xav tsis thoob lub tsho ntawm caj npab ntawm Tula cog flaunts ntawm txhua rab phom no.
Cov phom no tau tsim los zoo heev. Lawv qhov kev kho kom zoo nkauj, txawm hais tias muaj ntau dua, tab sis tseem muaj kev txwv ntau dua li cov qauv Rococo ua ntej. Blued lossis polished cov nplaim hlau, ua kom pom tseeb los ntawm cov xim zoo nkauj thiab cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, uas tseem yog rau Tula cov khoom lag luam. Cov nyiaj kom zoo nkauj nyob hauv lub thawv suav nrog cov duab ntawm cov khoom plig thiab cov huab tais huab tais puag ncig tus tswv lub npe kub. Kev ua tiav ntawm qhov ua rau thiab tiv thaiv tus neeg saib xyuas, uas yog qhov tsawg heev ntawm Tula cov phom, ib zaug ntxiv qhia tias kev tsim rab yaj phom rau Grand Duke hauv Tula tau ua tiag tiag. Zoo, lawv tau xaus li cas hauv Asmeskas tsev khaws puav pheej no? Khoom plig - khoom plig rau tsev khaws puav pheej ua los ntawm pab pawg ntawm cov tib neeg hauv xyoo 2016. Hauv daim ntawv pov thawj tsev cia puav pheej, lawv tau qhia zoo ib yam li tus pub dawb ntawm Catherine II rab phom.
Txawm li cas los xij, ntau "khoom plig phom" tuaj ntawm txawv teb chaws thiab rau peb. Thiab lawv nkag mus hauv Hermitage. Tab sis ua khub nrog lawv, thiab muaj ib qho kev lig kev cai los ua ntau qhov khoom plig zoo ib yam, txhawm rau xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws, tau khaws cia ntawm qhov chaw tsim khoom. Thiab nws muab tawm kom yooj yim heev. Vim tias peb lub tsev khaws khoom pov thawj yuav tsum tau thov kev tso cai los tshaj tawm lawv cov duab, thiab qhov no tsis yog siv computer nkaus xwb, tabsis tseem muaj ntaub ntawv. Tab sis hauv Metropolitan Tsev khaws puav pheej txhua yam yooj yim: qhov no yog daim duab pej xeem (khoom ntiag tug), thiab, yog li, koj tuaj yeem siv nws. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog, thiab daim duab tsuas tsis muaj qhov rub tawm muaj nuj nqi. Thiab vim li cas thiaj tsis tsim nyog peb lub tsev khaws puav pheej ua qhov no hauv tsev ib yam?
Zoo, zoo li "khoom plig phom", tom qab ntawd tus thawj coj tsis sib cav yog tsis muaj dua li Samuel Colt. Nws tau muab Colts pheej yig rau cov kws kho ntawv xov xwm uas sau cov lus qhuas txog nws, cov phom loj dua rau cov thawj coj thiab cov thawj coj, tab sis cov qauv zoo nkauj tshaj plaws, qee zaum raug nqi $ 400, mus rau txawv teb chaws crowned taub hau kom txhawb kom lawv xaj nws rab ntaj loj. ntau. Qhov no yog, piv txwv li, Colt tam sim no kub-encrusted rab phom "Marine Model 1851" (tus lej xov tooj 20133) nrog rooj plaub thiab khoom siv ntxiv, ua nyob ib ncig ntawm 1853.
Cov phom me no yog cov pab pawg Colt uas tsis tshua pom muaj phom sib tsoo, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab kos ntau, nyem cov pob zeb kom zoo nkauj thiab pleev xim kub los yog txo qis, thiab tsuas yog kwv yees li ntawm nees nkaum leej ntawm lawv thiaj muaj txoj sia nyob. Ua los ntawm kev coj ntawm Samuel Colt (1814-1862) rau kev nthuav tawm ntawm cov rooj sib tham thoob ntiaj teb thiab rau kev pub nyiaj pub dawb rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tseem ceeb, nrog rau cov thawj coj ntawm txawv teb chaws thiab hauv lub xeev, suav nrog cov vaj ntxwv ntawm Sweden thiab Denmark, thiab Tsar ntawm Russia, lawv tau ua haujlwm raws li khoom plig diplomatic thiab tib lub sijhawm tau qhia txog kev kos duab thiab kev ua tiav ntawm nws lub tuam txhab.
Lub mos txwv no yog ib ntawm ob qhov kub-encrusted Colts pub los ntawm Robert M. Lee Foundation rau Metropolitan hauv kev hwm lub tsev khaws puav pheej 150th hnub tseem ceeb. Revolvers yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj ntxiv rau hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej cov phom nyob hauv kaum xyoo tsis ntev los no vim lawv tsis tshua muaj neeg paub, kev nplua nuj ntawm lawv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiab qhov tseem ceeb keeb kwm.
Colt tau nthuav tawm nws cov phom rau pej xeem ntawm cov rooj sib tham thoob ntiaj teb, suav nrog Kev Qhia Zoo Tshaj Plaws ntawm 1851 hauv London thiab Kev Tshaj Tawm ntawm Kev Lag Luam ntawm Txhua Lub Tebchaws hauv New York xyoo 1853. Ntxiv mus, dhau ntawm nws lub neej, Colt, nws lub tuam txhab, thiab nws tsev neeg tau muab ntau pua rab phom rau kev tshaj tawm. Tab sis ntawm no yog qhov txaus nyiam: rab phom no tsis muaj kev mob siab rau, thaum ntau ntawm Colt qhov kev nthuav qhia me ntsis cov mos txwv muaj tus neeg txais lub npe sau rau tom qab ntawm tus tiv thaiv.
Txawm hais tias lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb rau rab phom no tsis tau sau tseg, nws ib txwm suav tias yog ib qho ntxiv rau cov khoom siv phom kub kub uas khaws cia hauv Lub Xeev Hermitage Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv St. Samuel Colt mus rau Tsar Nicholas I ntawm Gatchina Palace. Lub Kaum Hli 30, 1854. Tus lej xov tooj ntawm Metropolitan rab phom (No. 20133), thiab tus lej rau Hermitage tus qauv (No. 20131), dua li, ob rab phom me me tau dai kom zoo ib yam. Yog li peb tuaj yeem xav tias ob leeg yog los ntawm tib "series".
Ob lwm cov kub-encrusted Colts pub rau Tsar thiab tseem khaws cia hauv Hermitage suav nrog Dragoon Model III rab phom (tsis yog. 12407) thiab 1849 tus qauv hnab tshos (tsis yog. 63305). Tus khub ntawm Dragoon tus qauv yog sau hauv Metropolitan Museum (No. 12406).
Daim duab ntxig ntawm Metropolitan rab phom piav qhia tus vajtswv poj niam ntawm kev ywj pheej, tus tsov ntxhuav thiab cov neeg khawb neeg Indian tua cov nyuj nyuj nrog rab yaj phom. Ntau tus kub-encrusted Colts kuj tau dai kom zoo nrog lub cim cim zoo, suav nrog Tsev khaws puav pheej Dragoon rab phom, suav nrog cov duab ntawm thawj tus Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, George Washington (1732–1799), thiab lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm Tebchaws Meskas.
Muaj qhov pom tseeb ntawm European kev cuam tshuam hauv kev tsim qauv, uas tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob vim tias ntau qhov zoo tshaj plaws phom phom kws ua haujlwm rau Colt thiab lwm tus neeg tsim khoom lag luam Asmeskas nyob rau ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 yog cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw German uas tuaj rau Tebchaws Meskas 1850s tom qab kev qhia sib xws hauv tebchaws Yelemes.
Qhov txaus siab, lub thoob ntawm Cov Qauv 1851 rab phom (tseem hu ua "Belt Model") tau muab tes kos nrog qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub Tsib Hlis 16, 1843 sib ntaus sib tua ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Texas Republic thiab Mexico. Nws tau tsim los ntawm Waterman Lilly Ormsby (1809-1883), tus kws sau nyiaj hauv txhab nyiaj uas ua haujlwm rau Colt txij li xyoo 1839. Ntxiv rau qhov kev ua tub rog no, Ormsby tsim qhov sib npaug ntawm cov tub rog sib ntaus sib tua thiab ua yeeb yaj kiab ua yeeb yam rau Colt, uas yog tom qab ntawd tau teeb tsa lub Hoobkas ntawm lub nruas.
Los ntawm txoj kev, nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias tus qauv 1851 rab phom ntev, nthuav tawm hauv tib lub xyoo thiab tsim kom txog thaum xyoo 1873, yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws thiab ua tiav Colt poob siab rab phom. Nws muaj.36 lub peev xwm loj, xya thiab ib nrab ntiv tes thiab ib tus neeg tua phom. Nws lub teeb txaus, raug thiab ntseeg tau, ntau tus suav tias nws yog riam phom zoo tshaj plaws. Nws tseem yog ib qho ntawm Colt cov qauv nrov tshaj plaws thaum Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Zaum Ib, txawm tias tom qab Tus Qauv Tshiab Siv Txoj Cai Ruaj Ntseg thiab.44 Army Colt tau qhia nyob rau xyoo 1860.
Colt qhov kho kom zoo nkauj zoo nkauj ntais ntawv, suav nrog cov hnoos qeev no, feem ntau tau muab cov pob zeb sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov nplooj ntoo tuab ntuag nrog cov duab zoo li tib neeg cov duab, tsiaj txhu, thiab noog, thiab tsis tu ncua Colt lub npe, suav nrog kub, yaug nrog saum npoo. Ntawm qhov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws, ib feem ntawm cov khoom siv tau ua hauv kev nyem, nco txog cov duab puab me me.
Lub Dragoon rab phom no, zoo li nws “tus khub” (pub rau Emperor Nicholas I), tau suav tias yog ib qho ntawm Colt cov txuj ci, uas nws coj nrog nws mus rau Tebchaws Europe xyoo 1854. Hauv tib lub xyoo, Tsov rog Crimean tau tawg, uas Russia tau tawm tsam nrog Turkey thiab nws cov phoojywg, Great Britain thiab Fabkis, nrog Colt nquag muag nws cov riam phom rau ob sab. Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1854, nws nthuav tawm Lavxias Tsar Nicholas I nrog peb rab phom kub-encrusted, ib ntawm txhua khub. Ntawm cov no, Dragoon thib peb yog tam sim no hauv kev sau ntawm Hermitage hauv St. Petersburg thiab muaj tus lej 12407.
Qhov khoom plig tau qhia meej txog kev muaj txuj ci thiab txuj ci peev txheej ntawm Colt ruaj, thiab lub siab nyiam kev xav hauv kev tsim qauv ib zaug ntxiv hais txog nws keeb kwm Asmeskas. Tseeb tiag, ib qho ntawm rab phom piav qhia tus duab ntawm George Washington thiab lub tsho tiv thaiv ntawm Asmeskas, thiab rab phom ua rau huab tais - saib ntawm lub tsev Capitol hauv Washington.
Lub hnab ntim rab phom no los ntawm xyoo 1849 yog cov pab pawg tsawg ntawm Colt rab phom rab phom, nplua nuj ua kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab kos, nyem cov pob zeb zoo nkauj thiab pleev xim kub los yog txo qis, ntawm qhov uas, raws li peb paub, txog nees nkaum daim ntawv muaj sia nyob.
Tus lej xov tooj ntawm rab phom no (No. 63306) ua raws tus lej ntawm lwm rab phom kub kub (No. 63305) khaws cia hauv Lub Xeev Hermitage Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv St. Petersburg. Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Hauv Nroog Nroog Nroog Nroog Nroog Nroog Art Pocket Revolver yog ib qho ntawm rau tus qauv nto moo 1849 rab phom tig los nrog kub. Txhua tus ntawm lawv tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov hlaws dai, thiab tsib rab yaj phom kuj tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov tsiaj ntxim nyiam. Ib yam li lwm yam phom, cov plaub hau ntawm lub thoob thiab lub thoob tau ntim ntau dua li kos. Yog li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem hais tias lawv txaus siab nce siab dua keeb kwm yav dhau - ib qho tshwj xeeb uas, ntxiv rau qhov kub kub ntawm rab phom, txawv lawv los ntawm ntau pua ntawm kev nthuav qhia riam phom nrog cov ntawv me me tsim los ntawm Colt rau … "khoom" ntau.
Ntawm rab phom peb pom cov tsiaj sau hauv qab no: hma, pheasant, tsov txaij, dais, aub, eagle thiab wolverine. Ntawm qhov tod tes, lub tog raj kheej tau muab tes kos nrog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua phem rau ntawm tus kws qhia theem, uas tau pom ntawm lub tsev tsim ua qauv 1849 lub hnab ntim phom. Muaj tseeb, feem ntau ntawm qhov qub blued nto tau ploj mus, cov cim ntawm bluing tseem pom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv dav hlau dav hlau ntawm lub thoob nyob ze lub qhov ncauj thiab hauv qhov nqes ntawm lub tog raj kheej.
Tus Qauv 1849 Hnab Raug Rho Tawm tau tsim kom txog thaum xyoo 1872 thiab yog ib qho ntawm Colt cov riam phom nrov tshaj plaws. Nws ntseeg tias nyob ib puag ncig 300,000 tau tsim tawm. Nws qhov me me nrog plaub-, tsib- lossis rau-nti thoob ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv tus kheej zoo heev. Thiab qhov xwm txheej nruas yog qhov qhia zoo txog yuav ua li cas nrog qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb no, lossis nws tau hais qhia ua "hom lag luam" no rau koj tus kheej.
Los ntawm txoj kev, nws yog qhov txaus siab txawm hais tias lawv tau txais rab ntaj Nicholas I thiab cov tswv cuab ntawm nws tsev neeg, Colt cov kev siv zog tau nkim pov tseg. Tsis muaj tsoomfwv xaj los ntawm huab tais rau nws lub tuam txhab. Nws cov neeg sib tw, Smith & Wesson, uas tau ntau xyoo dhau los ua tus tsim khoom lag luam ntawm cov phom loj rau Lavxias pab tub rog, tswj hwm kom muaj txiaj ntsig kev koom tes nrog Russia, txawm tias tom qab ntawd.
