Cov keeb kwm ntawm cov riam pib nrog riam nyob rau hauv uas cov hniav tau nruj nruj nrog tus tuav thiab tau tas li npaj rau kev ua haujlwm. Tam sim no, txawm hais tias muaj kev faib dav ntawm cov riam folding, cov riam no tsis tau poob lawv qhov tseeb. Lawv yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm (kev sib ntaus, tua tsiaj, ncig teb chaws), tau siv dav hauv nroog ib puag ncig (riam ntawm kev hnav tsis tu ncua thiab riam tiv thaiv tus kheej) thiab ua cov chav ua noj hauv chav tsev thiab chaw tsim khoom noj. Txawv teb chaws, lub npe ntawm cov riam uas muaj cov hniav ruaj ruaj (cov riam ruaj ruaj) hauv cov riam phom - "tsau" tau nyam tom qab lawv. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis yog lub ntsiab lus zoo heev, txij li ntau lub riam folding niaj hnub no muaj cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb rau kho cov hniav hauv lub xeev qhib. Nws yuav yog qhov tseeb los hu lawv cov riam uas tsis xaws.
Tsis zoo li cov riam folding nrog cov hniav ruaj, lawv muaj tus lej zoo:
lawv ib txwm npaj ua haujlwm - tsis tas yuav qhib lub hniav, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam vim muaj kev sib kis ntawm pob khawm;
lawv ntseeg tau hauv kev siv - tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev txhaws ntawm cov hniav vim qhov tsis xws luag, kev ua qias tuaj lossis kev puas tsuaj ntawm rab riam kho lub tshuab.
Ib txoj haujlwm nruab nrab ntawm cov riam nrog cov folding thiab cov uas tsis tuaj yeem txav tau yog nyob nrog cov riam uas tuaj yeem hloov tau, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tsis tawg thiab tawg tau.
Lub hauv paus ntawm cov riam uas tsis tuaj yeem sib cais nrog cov hniav tuaj hloov tau yog cov hlua hlau, ib sab uas yog rab riam, thiab lwm yam yog cov cuab yeej siv (qee zaum cov hniav muaj qhov sib txawv los yog qhov zoo). Cov hniav ua haujlwm tau hloov pauv los ntawm kev muab rab riam tuav.
Cov riam uas sib tsoo tau suav nrog tus tuav thiab txheej ntawm cov hniav uas tuaj yeem kho tau ntawm nws.
Riam nrog cov hniav tuaj yeem hloov pauv tau zoo dua rau cov riam ib leeg-rab riam hauv kev ua haujlwm, tab sis qis dua rau lawv hauv kev ntseeg tau thiab yooj yim ntawm kev hnav.
Dua li qhov tseeb tias kev tsim cov riam uas tsis quav tau yooj yim dua li cov quav, lawv muaj tus lej thiab cov yam ntxwv. Raws li txoj cai, ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khw hauv online, hauv phau ntawv teev npe thiab chaw tsim khoom riam, cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm riam raug muab:
teem sij hawm;
tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm rab riam;
hniav ntev;
taub qab tuab;
tawv tawv;
riam hnyav;
hniav cov khoom ntawm tus kov thiab kab laum.
Hauv cov peev txheej txawv teb chaws, tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm rab riam feem ntau muab hauv nti (1 nti = 2.54 cm), thiab qhov hnyav hauv ooj (piv txwv li, 1 ounce = 28.4 g).
Daim duab tiav ntawm rab riam tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm lawv cov kev tshuaj xyuas hauv cov ntawv xov xwm luam lossis cov chaw riam. Txawm li cas los xij, rau qhov no koj yuav tsum muaj lub tswv yim ntawm cov lus riam, uas tuaj yeem nthuav qhia qee qhov nyuaj rau cov neeg siv khoom ib txwm muaj.
Ntau cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig txog riam tuaj yeem pom ntawm cov rooj sib tham riam hauv Is Taws Nem. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg koom nrog hauv cov rooj sib tham no, ntxiv rau cov lus hais ua haujlwm, siv dav siv cov riam phom tshwj xeeb, uas rau cov tsis tau pib yuav zoo li tsis txaus ntseeg. Yog li ntawd, thaum kawg ntawm kab lus, muaj cov ntawv txhais lus luv luv ntawm riam riam phom.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm tsab xov xwm no yog los pab cov neeg uas tsis txaus siab thiab paub txog riam thiab kev lag luam riam, tab sis tsuas yog xav yuav ib rab riam clamshell uas ntseeg tau, paub zoo txog lub hom phiaj ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus thiab tsis them nyiaj ntau rau cov yam ntxwv tsis tsim nyog (tus nqi ntawm rab riam txawv txawv tuaj yeem nyob ntawm ntau pua mus rau kaum txhiab rubles).
Rau ib tus neeg zoo tib yam, cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev raug cai ntawm kev muaj riam yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Ie. Nws puas yog cov cuab yeej sib ntaus sib tua (CW), rau qhov tau txais daim ntawv tso cai tshwj xeeb xav tau thiab muaj qee txoj cai yuav tsum tau khaws cia thiab hnav nws, lossis nws puas yog riam hauv tsev (hauv cov lus sib tham "tsev neeg"), kev yuav khoom, nqa thiab siv uas tsis yog puag ncig los ntawm txoj cai nruj.
Tsuas yog tus kws tshaj lij uas tau qhia los ntawm cov cim thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntsuas, cov lus piav qhia uas tuaj yeem pom hauv cov ntawv tshwj xeeb, tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb rab riam puas yog XO.
Rau cov neeg siv nruab nrab, nws txaus kom muaj daim ntawv theej cov ntawv pov thawj cov ntawv xeem. Cov ntawv no tsis yog tsuas yog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm rab riam thiab lub npe ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - cov kws tshaj lij xav txog nws kev lees paub ua tsev neeg. Lub xub ntiag ntawm daim ntawv no nrog tus tswv ntawm rab riam yuav pab kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem ntau nrog cov tub ceev xwm.
Txawm hais tias tus muag khoom lossis tus thawj tswj hwm hais li cas, qhov tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawd, txawm tias nws yog lub khw muag riam lossis lub khw muag riam tshwj xeeb, qhia tias nws tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau, lossis tias rab riam tau yuav tsis tau dhau qhov kev xeem ntawv pov thawj thiab tej zaum yuav dhau los ua qhov zoo XO, coj nws tus tswv yav tom ntej muaj teeb meem ntau …
Nws kuj tseem yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov tuam txhab riam tuaj yeem tsim cov qauv sib txawv ntawm tib rab riam qauv, sab nrauv zoo sib xws, tab sis koom nrog pawg sib txawv. Yog li ntawd, thaum koj tau txais daim ntawv xov xwm, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo sib piv cov duab nws muaj nrog riam uas koj tuav hauv koj txhais tes. Yog tias daim duab hauv daim ntawv xov xwm tsis sib xws rau qhov qub - cov ntaub ntawv no tsis muaj nqis.
Qee cov tuam txhab Suav tsim cov ntawv sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov tuam txhab Western uas paub zoo hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom siv DIY. Los ntawm nws tus kheej, cov txheej txheem no tsis xav tau ntawv pov thawj. Txawm li cas los xij, rab riam sib sau ua ke los ntawm cov ntu no yuav yog riam phom sib ntaus nrog txhua qhov tshwm sim tom ntej.
Tsim
Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm rab riam tsis thim yog rab riam, tes tuav thiab tus nres. Cov hniav yog lub hauv paus ntawm rab riam, nws yog nrog nws tias txhua txoj haujlwm nrog rab riam tau ua tiav. Tus tuav txiav txim siab qhov yooj yim ntawm rab riam. Lub stopper tiv thaiv cov ntiv tes los ntawm kev plam mus rau rab riam.
Cov khoom tseem ceeb no tuaj yeem tsim ua cov khoom sib cais lossis tsim los ntawm cov khoom ib leeg. Cov riam no suav nrog, piv txwv li, lub npe hu ua "pob txha taub hau", uas tau txais lawv lub npe los ntawm cov duab ntawm tus kov, me ntsis nco txog lub cev pob txha vim qhov nyob hauv nws ntawm ntau yam duab. Kev tuav ntawm cov riam no feem ntau qhwv nrog txoj hlua kom yooj yim tuav.
Hniav
Cov hniav ntawm cov riam uas tsis thim hauv cov txheej txheem qub yog ib txoj hlua hlau, ib feem ntawm qhov uas tau ua kom ntse (cov hniav nws tus kheej), thiab qhov thib ob yog rab riam, uas ua haujlwm los txuas tus kov rau riam.
Cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm ntawm cov hniav tau txiav txim siab los ntawm nws cov khoom siv, kev tsim khoom siv tshuab, cov duab geometric thiab ntu ntawm cov hniav.
Hniav khoom
Hauv kev lag luam riam, cov khoom siv ntau tshaj plaws rau kev ua hniav yog thiab tseem muaj ntau yam hlau: carbon, alloyed (stainless) thiab qauv (damask, damask).
Muaj ntau yam zoo ntawm qib hlau, thiab lawv cov lus piav qhia tiav tuaj yeem siv ntau dua kaum ob nplooj ntawv. Ntau yam hlau uas siv rau kev tsim cov riam yog cuam tshuam nrog qhov xav tau kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov hniav - qhov yooj yim ntawm kev ua kom muaj zog thiab ruaj khov ntawm kev txiav cov khoom, tiv taus kev poob siab thiab tawv ntawm qhov txiav.
Qhov ntsuas ntawm kev hnav tsis kam (lub sijhawm khaws cia qhov ntse ntawm cov hniav) yog qhov tawv ntawm cov hniav. Nws yog ib txwm coj los ntsuas nws hauv chav ntawm Rockwell "C" nplai - HRC. Qhov ntau dua tus lej no, qhov nyuaj ntawm rab riam.
Cov hniav tau txais qhov nyuaj thaum lub sijhawm kho cua sov ntawm cov hniav tsis muaj dab tsi (quenching, tempering). Nrog rau kev kho cua sov tsis raug, txawm tias los ntawm cov hlau zoo tshaj plaws thiab kim, koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov hniav tsis zoo, thiab hloov pauv, txawm tias los ntawm cov hlau tsis yooj yim, koj tuaj yeem ua hniav nrog kev ua tau zoo.
Feem ntau cov hniav ntawm cov riam uas tsis tig tau muaj qhov ntsuas nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm 42 … 61 HRC. Hardening cov hniav rau qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua 61 HRC ua rau muaj zog ntxiv ntawm cov hniav, thiab qis dua 42 HRC - kom hnav tsis kam (feem ntau xws li cov hniav muaj cov ntawv ntim khoom plig ntawm cov riam phom).
Cov khoom siv ib txwm rau cov hniav yog cov hlau (cov khoom tseem ceeb yog hlau thiab carbon). Cov pa roj carbon tsawg (0, 4 … 0, 6% carbon) ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau cov hniav, cov hniav uas tiv taus kev poob siab zoo (cov tawv tawv), yooj yim kom ntse, tab sis kuj tsis yooj yim. Cov hniav ua los ntawm cov pa roj carbon siab (0, 7 … Ib qho tsis zoo ntawm cov pa roj carbon hlau yog qhov tsis muaj kev txhim kho corrosion, uas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb ntawm cov hniav lossis daim ntawv thov txheej tiv thaiv rau nws kom nws tsis xeb.
Ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm cov hniav ua los ntawm cov pa roj carbon siab (txog li 1, 2 … 2, 0% carbon) nyob ntawm cov hniav ua los ntawm cov hlau damask Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sim thiab ua yuam kev, tus tswv ntawm lub qub txeeg qub teg tau kawm paub yuav ua li cas thiaj li tau txais cov hlau ntawm cov qauv nyuaj. Cov hlau no ua rau nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov hniav uas sib xyaw ua kom tawv, tiv taus cov tshuab kev nyuab siab (tawv) thiab ua kom muaj zog. Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm damask hlau cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov micro- thiab macroinhomogeneities hauv cov qauv hlau. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov kev tsis sib xws no tseem txiav txim siab cov qauv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov nplaim dej damask, thiab qhov loj dua thiab pom meej dua tus qauv no, qhov zoo dua ntawm damask hlau.
Qhov zais cia ntawm kev ua damask hlau tau ploj mus tsis tau. Raws li kev mob siab rau tshawb fawb ntawm cov qauv qub damask hlau thiab ntau yam kev sim los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb Lavxias Pavel Petrovich Amosov hauv xyoo 1830s. txheej txheem thev naus laus zis tau tsim los uas tso cai kom tau txais cov hlau nrog cov yam ntxwv zoo ib yam li cov hlau damask.
Damask riam yog ib daim thiab khoom kim heev. Qhov no yog vim muaj kev siv zog ua haujlwm siab thiab nyuaj ntawm kev ua damask hlau, uas ua rau tsis ruaj khov ntawm kev tau txais cov khoom zoo damask hlau thiab qib siab ntawm kev tsis lees paub (txawm tias yog tus tswv nto moo tshaj plaws, nws tuaj yeem suav txog li ib feem peb ntawm khoom).
Kev zam rau riam los ntawm damask hlau tau coj mus rau qhov pom ntawm riam riam lag luam ntawm cov khoom lag luam uas tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog tiag damask hlau. Piv txwv li, kom tau txais tus qauv damask, forging ntawm cov hlau tsis huv tau siv, ua raws los ntawm kev khaws lossis rov ua dua ntawm cov hlau hlau siv lub tshuab damask hlau. Nws tsis yog ib qho yooj yim txawm tias tus kws tshaj lij paub qhov txawv ntawm cov riam los ntawm cov riam damask tiag tiag hauv qhov tsos.
Tam sim no, qhov dav tshaj plaws yog cov hniav ua los ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj hlau, uas muaj kev ua tau zoo, ua tsaug rau cov tshuaj ntxiv uas suav nrog lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg (chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, thiab lwm yam). Txawm hais tias nws lub npe, cov hlau no tseem muaj qhov ua rau xeb, txawm hais tias muaj qhov tsawg dua li cov hlau. Nws tshwm sim los ntawm kev muaj cov khoom tsis huv, uas tsawg dua, kev coj noj coj ua ntau dua thiab, ntawm chav kawm, tus nqi ntawm rab riam ua los ntawm cov hlau.
Ib qho kev sim ua ke ua "elasticity" thiab "hardness" ntawm ntau qib ntawm cov hlau hauv ib qho hniav ua rau tsim cov hniav sib xyaw. Ntawd yog, cov hniav suav nrog ntau hom hlau.
Damascus steel yog tsim los ntawm ntau zaus forging coiled strips ntawm qis thiab siab carbon hlau. Vim li ntawd, cov khoom kawg suav nrog kev hloov pauv tau yooj yim thiab tawv tawv.
Cov nplaim ntawm damask hniav muaj cov qauv qhia tawm. Cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub los tsim Damascus tso cai rau koj los tsim cov qauv ntawm cov qauv no ua ntej thiab tau txais ntau yam duab ntawm cov hniav.
Txawm li cas los xij, zoo li nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm damask hlau, kev tsim cov khoom lag luam zoo yog qhov nyuaj, ntev thiab kim ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis. Nws qhov kev ua tau zoo yog muaj tsuas yog rau qee tus neeg tsim khoom. Qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov no yog tus nqi kawg ntawm cov khoom thiab qib siab ntawm kev tsis lees paub. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog qhov nyuaj rau cov neeg tsim khoom kom paub qhov txawv "ua haujlwm" Damascus tiag tiag los ntawm kev ua kom zoo nkauj thiab ntsuas qhov zoo ntawm nws cov khoom siv. Yog li ntawd, muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm kev tau txais riam zoo nkauj uas zoo li zoo rau ntawm txee hauv chav tsev, tab sis tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag. Ntxiv mus, qee cov tuam ntxhab tsim cov hniav uas ua rau lub ntsej muag ntawm Damascus steel (thov siv tus qauv damask rau cov hniav hauv ntau txoj hauv kev).
Lwm lub thev naus laus zis rau kev tsim cov hniav tuaj yog ntim - tsim cov hniav los ntawm cov pob welded ntawm cov hlua hlau, nyob hauv nruab nrab uas muaj cov qib "nyuaj" ntawm cov hlau, thiab ntawm ob sab - yas "yas". Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los tsim cov hniav uas ua ke cov tawv tawv nrog ua kom muaj zog.
Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias qhov kev xav thoob plaws txog qhov raug liam "ua kom nws tus kheej" ntawm cov riam no tsis sib haum rau qhov tseeb.
Kev ua haujlwm hnyav thiab nyuaj ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no thiab, vim li ntawd, tus nqi siab ntawm cov khoom kawg tau coj mus rau nws qhov qis qis. Yeej, riam nrog cov txheej txheej ntau txheej tau tsim los ntawm Scandinavian thiab cov tuam txhab Nyij Pooj ntawm tus nqi ntawm ob peb txhiab txhiab rubles.
Ntawm kev ua lag luam riam, koj tseem tuaj yeem pom cov riam uas tsis tig nrog cov hniav ua los ntawm titanium cov hlau, cov khoom siv hlau thiab ntau yam yas.
Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov riam ua los ntawm titanium cov hlau yog lawv qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion siab heev, lub zog, uas tau tswj hwm kom rho tawm 50 ° C, kev ywj pheej thiab qhov hnyav. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov hniav titanium suav nrog kev ua haujlwm qis ntawm kev txiav ntug, qhov nyuaj ntawm nws rov kho dua thiab tus nqi siab ntawm cov riam nrog cov hniav (8-10 zaug siab dua li cov riam zoo sib xws ua los ntawm cov hlau).
Cov yam ntxwv no tseem txiav txim siab thaj tsam ntawm kev siv riam nrog rab riam titanium - cov neeg nuv ntses, cov neeg dhia dej, cov neeg nyiam ncig ua si hauv dej. Txij li titanium yog cov hlau tsis muaj hlau nplaum, cov riam no yog siv los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ua luam dej.
Cov hniav tej hub tsis raug rau xeb, muaj lub siab tawv ntawm ntug kev txiav thiab nws ua tau ntev. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov riam zoo li no yog lawv lub siab tawg. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib sab nraub qaum lossis ntog riam rau hauv pem teb yuav ua rau cov hniav tawg. Ib qho ntxiv, nws tsis muaj peev xwm rov kho qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov riam. Cov hniav tej hub yog dav siv feem ntau hauv chav ua noj riam.
Tsis ntev los no, thev naus laus zis tau tsim los tsim cov hniav sib xyaw nrog cov tub ntxhais ceramic thiab cov phaj hlau. Nqa lawv mus rau kev siv hauv kev lag luam yuav ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los tsim cov hniav uas ua ke cov tawv thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm cov hniav ceramic nrog lub zog thiab muaj zog dua ntawm cov hniav hlau.
Riam yas tsis siv tau dua. Hais txog lub zog thiab kev muaj peev xwm txiav, lawv ua tau zoo dua li riam nrog rab riam hlau. Lawv lub txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb yog "tsis pom kev" rau cov ntsuas hlau, uas txiav txim siab thaj chaw ntawm daim ntawv thov - zais nqa riam.
Kev kho qhov chaw ntxiv ntawm cov hniav
Qhov saum npoo ntawm cov hniav feem ntau yuav tsum tau kho cov tshuab ntxiv (polishing lossis matting) lossis txheej txheej tiv thaiv tuaj yeem siv rau nws hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab oxide, cov khoom siv polymer, lossis txheej hlau me me lossis lawv cov sib txuas. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua haujlwm no yog:
ua rau saum npoo ntawm cov hniav ci, ci los yog, sib tham, matte thiab tsaus ntuj (tsis-glare);
tiv thaiv cov hniav los ntawm corrosion;
ua kom nws hnav tsis kam.
Polishing (cov tshuab lossis cov tshuab hluav taws xob) yog cov txheej txheem qub, vim qhov uas cov nplaim hniav tau txais tsis tsuas yog daim iav ci, tab sis tseem muaj kev tiv thaiv ntxiv tiv thaiv xeb.
Matting. Qee qhov xwm txheej, qhov ci ntawm lub teeb ntawm qhov ci ci yog qhov tsis xav tau (kev sib ntaus thiab riam riam). Txhawm rau kom lub ntsej muag ntawm cov hniav los ua matte, cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm saum npoo ntawm cov hniav tau siv - satin tiav, ntxhib sib tsoo lossis tawg.
Thaum satin-ua tiav, cov nplaim hniav tau npog nrog cov kab me me siv cov txhuam tshwj xeeb lossis cov ntawv txhuam.
Kev sib tsoo ntxhib (pob zeb-ntxuav) ntawm cov hniav yog ua tiav nrog cov pob zeb ntxig.
Raws li qhov ua tiav ntawm satin-tiav thiab ntxhib sib tsoo, qhov saum npoo tau txais qhov zoo li matte, qhov ci ntawm cov hniav tsis muaj zog, tab sis nws txuas ntxiv cuam tshuam ncaj qha tshav ntuj.
Thaum lub sij hawm tawg, cov kwj ntawm cov khoom me me (xuab zeb, corundum chips, iav hlaws dai) raug xa mus rau cov hniav nyob hauv siab. Hauv kev sib piv rau ob qhov txheej txheem hais los saum no, hauv qhov no, qee qhov tawv ntawm cov hniav nto tshwm sim. Tab sis thaum kho nrog cov kab mob corundum, lub ntsej muag ntawm cov hniav tau txais qhov muaj zog ntxhib, uas ua rau cov hniav tsis zoo rau kev xeb.
Bluing (oxidation, blackening) - tau txais cov yeeb yaj kiab oxide nyias ntawm cov hniav. Ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheej uas yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab pheej yig tshaj plaws uas muab cov hniav ua xim dub. Hauv cov hnub qub, qhov no yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev txhuam ntawm cov hlau carbon hniav (cov hlau tsis muaj hniav tsis qiv lawv tus kheej rau bluing). Txawm li cas los xij, bluing tsis zam qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov kua qaub (kua txiv qaub, kebab thiab zaub marinade, thiab lwm yam). Yog li ntawd, tam sim no nws tsuas yog siv cov riam pheej yig lossis rau lub hom phiaj zoo nkauj.
Parkerization - txheej saum npoo ntawm cov hniav nrog phosphate, raws li qhov uas saum npoo ntawm cov hniav tau xim matte grey thiab ua rau nws hnav tsis kam. Xws li txheej txheej tsis tshua pom muaj nyob hauv cov riam niaj hnub no.
Npib tsib xee plating, chrome plating yog dav siv hauv kev tsim cov riam uas tsis khawm. Muab cov hniav zoo ib yam tsis zoo li feem ntau piav qhia hauv cov ntaub ntawv.
Kev nce qib hauv kev siv tshuaj lom neeg niaj hnub no thiab qhia txog txheej txheej txheej tshiab tau coj mus rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej tshiab tiv thaiv hniav.
Epoxy txheej (epoxy hmoov txheej) - daim ntawv thov ua kom sov hmoov ntawm epoxy cob rau cov hniav. Cov txheej txheej no tuaj yeem siv rau txhua hom hlau thiab pleev xim rau xim twg. Cov txheej no tiv thaiv zoo tiv thaiv xeb, tsis ci, tab sis tsis tiv taus rau cov neeg kho tshuab kev nyuaj siab. Kev puas tsuaj rau txheej sai ua rau nws tawg, yog li nws tsuas yog siv hauv cov qauv riam pheej yig.
Teflon thiab cov tshuaj fluoroplastic tiv thaiv cov hniav zoo los ntawm cov dej, alkalis thiab kua qaub. Ib qho ntxiv, lawv pab txiav cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev txo kev sib txhuam ntawm ob sab ntawm cov hniav.
Feem ntau, cov txheej no yog xim dub. Raws li kev ua haujlwm, cov nplaim hniav tau nrawm nrog cov khawb. Txij li cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv nkag mus rau txheej txheej saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm cov hlau mus rau qhov tob ntawm ob peb microns, cov khawb no tsis ua rau poob ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv ntawm txheej.
Piv rau epoxy txheej, kev ua cov hniav tuaj kim dua.
Cov txheej txheej los ntawm cov hlau ua hluav taws xob (titanium nitride TiN, titanium carbonitride TiNC, titanium carbide TiC, boron carbide B4 C, chromium nitride CrN, thiab lwm yam). Cov txheej txheej tuaj ntawm ntau yam xim, xws li kub mus rau xim av tsaus nti lossis xim dub.
Txhawm rau thov cov txheej no, siv cov thev naus laus zis nyuaj - siv txau ntshav thiab tso dej ion -plasma. Cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv nyias ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no (3-5 microns) nkag mus rau hauv txheej txheej ntawm cov hlau ntawm qib qib molecular thiab tiv thaiv cov hniav zoo los ntawm kev xeb thiab muaj cov tshuab ua haujlwm siab.
Cov tuam txhab tsim khoom feem ntau siv lawv cov npe khoom los hais txog cov txheej no. Piv txwv li, txheej txheej carbon carbonitride titanium siv hauv Benchmade riam hu ua Black-Ti.
Pob Zeb Diamond Zoo Li Txheej (DLC) tuaj rau riam kev lag luam los ntawm kev siv tshuab. Nws yog cov roj carbon nyias nyias (0.5 … 5 microns), cov qauv uas sib txuas cov khoom ntawm pob zeb diamond thiab graphite. Thaum siv rau saum npoo hlau, nws ua rau nws lub zog ruaj khov, tiv taus kev tawm tsam, thiab txo qhov coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam.
Ob hom txheej txheej kawg tsis yog tsuas yog tiv taus siab ntawm cov hniav kom xeb, tab sis tseem muab ntau qhov sib txawv hauv nws qhov hnav tsis kam (tawv tawv ntawm ntug kev txiav), txawm hais tias qhov ntse ntawm cov ntug txiav tau qis me ntsis. DLC txheej riam riam tuav nws cov cuab yeej txiav 5-10 zaug ntev dua. Txawm li cas los xij, vim yog qhov nyuaj ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ntawm kev thov cov txheej txheej no, tus nqi ntawm rab riam kuj nce ntau zaus. Cov txheej txheej zoo li no tau siv cov riam phom kim.
Ib qho tsis zoo ntawm txhua qhov suav tias yog txheej txheej yog tias ntawm cov hniav ntawm cov hniav, lawv cov khoom tiv thaiv tau ploj tom qab thawj qhov ua kom pom tseeb.
Tsis ntev los no, cov hniav nrog cov cim ntawm cov nplai lossis forging tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam, hais txog kev siv tes ua riam. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm kev ua haujlwm pom, xws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hniav tsis muaj qhov zoo, thiab hais txog kev tiv thaiv kev xeb, lawv ua tsis tau zoo dua rau cov hniav nrog txheej tiv thaiv.
Hniav geometry
Cov duab ntawm cov duab ntawm cov hniav thiab nws ntu ntu tso cai rau koj kom paub qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm cov hniav tau ua los ua txoj haujlwm uas rab riam tau yuav.
Feem ntau cov hniav ntawm cov riam yog tiaj tus thiab nws cov duab tsis txawv ntawm cov duab ntawm cov hniav ntawm cov quav (kom paub meej ntxiv saib "Lub cev nqaij daim tawv ntawm qhov quav", "Tij Laug", Lub Ib Hlis 2013). Txawm li cas los xij, muaj riam nyob rau hauv uas cov kab txaij tau muab ntxig rau hauv qhov muab kauv, nrog rau cov riam uas siv lub raj hlau hollow siv tsis yog lub tiaj tiaj. Cov riam zoo li no tsuas yog npaj rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau riam lossis tiv thaiv tus kheej thiab tsis tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm ib txwm cuam tshuam nrog kev txiav lossis phiaj khoom.
Qhov taub (ntiv taw) ntawm rab riam txiav txim siab nws rab peev xwm ntuav thiab tsim los ntawm beveling lub taub qab thiab nqa cov hniav. Tsis zoo li lub npe, ntug ntawm rab riam yuav tsis ntse. Piv txwv, cov lus qhia sib npaug, muaj riam rau kev ua haujlwm cawm.
Cov riam classic tsuas muaj ib ntug, txawm hais tias ua qauv nrog ob lub ntsiab lus tseem tuaj yeem pom ntawm lub khw. Cov no tuaj yeem ua ob rab riam, cov duab uas tau tshoov siab los ntawm cov duab Muslim dawb huv Zulfiqar. Nws tau ntseeg tias nws muaj peev xwm ntes cov yeeb ncuab lub ntsej muag ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov hniav, txawm hais tias qhov no yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Qhov ntxim nyiam dua yog riam rau kev tiv thaiv tus kheej, uas muaj ob lub ntsiab lus, tab sis tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hniav. Hauv cov riam zoo li no, qhov ntev me me ntawm cov hniav raug them los ntawm qhov ua tau ntawm qhov thiaj li hu ua "frontal cut", qhov uas lub hom phiaj tsis raug chob, tab sis lub hom phiaj raug txiav nrog lub tshuab tho.
Raws li txoj cai, qhov tuab ntawm cov hniav maj mam txo qis mus rau lub ntsiab lus, uas cuam tshuam rau nws lub zog. Riam nrog rab riam tanto lossis hloov kho tanto, ntxiv rau riam nrog cov ntug ntxiv, tsis pub dawb los ntawm qhov teeb meem no. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm riam ntawm hom tom kawg yog qhov nyuaj ntawm kev ua kom lawv.
Feem ntau, qhov taub ntawm rab riam uas tsis thiav yog nyob ntawm txoj kab nruab nrab ntawm rab riam. Riam nrog tsa ceg nce kuj tseem dav, ntau tsawg nrog rau qis dua. Cov lus tsa tsa ua rau nws yooj yim dua los mloog lub zog hauv qee qhov chaw, thiab txo qis - kom tau txais kev txiav ncaj ncaj ntawm cov khoom ntawm qhov nyuaj.
Cov hniav ntawm cov hniav yog tsim los ntawm qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob thiab coj. Cov nqes hav tuaj yeem ncaj (qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws, sib txuas lub zog thiab txiav cov cuab yeej zoo), nkhaus (txiav zoo, tab sis tsis muaj zog) thiab convex. Feem ntau qhov profile ntawm qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob yog sib npaug ntawm ob sab ntawm cov hniav. Hauv cov riam Japanese qub, siv lub ntsej muag asymmetrical ntawm txoj kab nqes tau siv - qhov thiaj li hu ua "txaug". Txawm li cas los xij, thaum ua tiav feem ntau ntawm kev ua haujlwm, cov duab ntawm cov hniav no tsis zoo rau qhov sib npaug sib npaug.
Ib qho ntawm cov kev cov nyom hauv kev rov tsim dua cov hniav tsis zoo yog khaws lub kaum ntse ntse kom raug raws ntug kev txiav. Txhawm rau pab kom cov txheej txheem no, Asmeskas lub tuam txhab "Miltner Adams Co" tau tsim qhov tshwj xeeb hniav profile "HollowFlat Blade", uas yog siv rau hauv riam riam phom ntawm lub tuam txhab no. Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov profile no yog qhov tshwj xeeb "sab" ntawm cov hniav. Thaum ua kom cov hniav ntse, cov hniav zoo ib yam rau saum cov pob zeb.
Cov hniav nws tus kheej tuaj yeem ncaj, convex, lossis concave. Cov hniav ncaj yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws thiab yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm feem ntau ua nrog riam. Nws kuj yog ib qho yooj yim kom ntse.
Qhov hais tawm ib feem ntawm cov hniav yog hu ua lub plab (lossis lub plab) thiab muab qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov txiav ntawm ib feem ntawm cov hniav.
Lub ntsej muag (crescent) hniav tso cai rau koj txhawm rau qhib qhov ntuag ntuag.
Lub ntsej muag thiab lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj ntawm cov hniav feem ntau siv hauv kev sib ntaus thiab riam phom, nrog rau riam rau kev tiv thaiv tus kheej.
Ntxiv rau qhov ua kom pom tseeb zoo (tiaj) ntawm cov hniav, muaj qhov ua kom pom tseeb ntawm cov hniav lossis nthwv dej. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj tsib yam ntawm kev ua kom pom tseeb: cov hniav me, cov hniav, tsis sib dhos, hacksaw thiab cov hniav poob siab.
Kev ntsuas me me yog qhov thais ntawm cov hniav (A) uas tau ua thaum txheej txheem riam txiav siv lub tshuab txiav nkhaus. Hauv qhov no, qhov loj ntawm cov hniav me tsis pub tshaj 1 hli.
Cov hniav me me ua rau nws yooj yim dua los ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom nyuaj (khov khoom noj). Tsis tas li ntawd, xws li rab riam, uas tsis muaj peev xwm txiav, tseem yuav muaj peev xwm "pom".
Ib rab riam me me uas tsis tuaj yeem tuaj yeem ua kom rov qab tau nws lub peev xwm txiav, tab sis cov hniav me ntawm cov hniav yuav ploj.
Hom kev ntse no qee zaum yuam kev hu ua "laser". Nws yog feem ntau siv hauv chav ua noj riam (nrog rau tag nrho ntev ntawm cov hniav), thiab qee zaum ntawm cov riam muaj sia thiab cov riam phom (nyob ntawm ib sab ntawm cov hniav ntawm tus tuav, suav nrog lub taub qab). Tsis tshua muaj neeg pom, qhov ua kom pom tseeb no nyob ntawm xub ntiag ntawm cov hniav. Qhov kev npaj no ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau cov ntaub ntom.
Serrated sharpening - serrated (los ntawm lus Askiv serrated - serrated, serrated) yog cov ntu ntawm cov hniav me me (B) nrog cov hniav ntawm 1 txog 5 hli. Tsis zoo li cov riam quav, uas tag nrho cov hniav tuaj yeem muaj qhov ua kom pom tseeb, hauv cov riam uas tsis tig nws tsuas yog ib feem ntawm cov hniav nyob ze ntawm tus tuav (qee zaum ntawm lub taub hau ntawm cov hniav).
Piv rau kev txiav ntug du, serrated muaj ntau qhov zoo:
vim qhov tseeb tias qhov kev txiav tawm tshwm sim ntawm ntau lub kaum ntse ntse, nws ua kom yooj yim txiav cov khoom siv fibrous thiab laminated - cov hlua, hlua, hlua, hlua khi, duab los qhia, thiab lwm yam;
cov hniav khaws nws cov peev xwm txiav ntev dua;
kev txiav cov khoom siv tau nrawm dua vim qhov tseeb tias nrog tib cov hniav ntev, qhov ntev ntawm kev txiav ntug nrog cov serrated ntev dua.
Txog cov txiaj ntsig no, ib tus yuav tsum tau them nrog qhov tsis sib xws ntawm kev txiav, qhov tsis yooj yim lossis txawm tias tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau ntawm ntau tus neeg hauv tsev ua haujlwm, qhov nyuaj ntawm kev rov ua qhov ntse dua. Vim qhov asymmetry ntawm seem hniav, nrog lub zog txiav txiav tseem ceeb, cov hniav tuaj yeem rub mus rau sab.
Cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev siv rau kev ua kom zoo li no yog riam riam, muaj sia nyob thiab riam tiv thaiv tus kheej, riam dhia thiab cawm, riam chav ua noj.
Daim ntawv nthuav dav tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua kom ntse, tsim los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij ntawm Spyderco lub tuam txhab, nyob rau hauv uas ob lub hniav nqaim hloov nrog ib qho dav.
Txhawm rau rov ua kom lub ntsej muag tsis meej, siv cov cuab yeej ua kom pom tseeb tshwj xeeb, thiab rau tus pib, cov haujlwm zoo li no qhia qee yam nyuaj.
Microtoothed thiab serrated sharpening ho txhim kho qhov tsis muaj zog txiav peev xwm ntawm riam nrog cov yas yas.
Ib nthwv dej zoo li lossis scalloped ntug (scalloped) yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm riam mov ci hauv chav ua noj (B).
Hacksaw sharpening, lossis "saw tooth" sharpening, yog ntu ntawm cov hniav peb tog, qhov kawg ntawm qhov, tsis zoo li serrated sharpening, nyob hauv ob lub dav hlau (D). Nws yog qhov ntse uas tso cai rau koj pom ntoo thiab siv rau hauv chaw pw thiab riam ciaj sia.
Kev poob siab cov hniav ntawm cov hniav yog cov hniav loj loj rau ntawm lub taub hau ntawm cov hniav (D). Lawv lub hom phiaj yog txhawm rau ua kom tawv nqaij rau tus yeeb ncuab. Lawv tau siv rau riam sib ntaus, tab sis tam sim no tsis tshua muaj neeg pom. Hauv qee cov qauv ntawm cov riam, koj tuaj yeem pom cov hniav zoo nkauj ntawm cov hniav - ib ntu ntawm qhov qhib lossis qhov thais ntawm lub taub qab ntawm cov hniav.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov hniav poob rau qee txoj hauv kev tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm serrated lossis hacksaw sharpening.
Ntau yam riam phom tua tsiaj tsim los rau tsiaj tawv tsiaj (tawv nqaij los ntawm lus Askiv tawv nqaij - tawv nqaij, tawv tawv), ntawm pob tw ntawm cov hniav muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb - cov tawv nqaij sib txuas. Tus nuv zoo sib xws muaj cov hniav dhia, tab sis nws lub hom phiaj sib txawv - txiav cov hlua, hlua thiab cov hlua.
Lub taub hau (taub qab) - sab ntawm lub ntsej muag sib thooj rau cov hniav. Feem ntau cov riam tsis thim rov qab muaj qhov tuab ntawm 1.5 txog 10 hli. Lub taub qab tuab dua, rab riam muaj zog dua, tab sis tib lub sijhawm nws qhov hnyav nce thiab qhov yooj yim ntawm kev txiav ntau yam ntaub ntawv tsis zoo. Cov tuab tuab caj dab qee zaum hu ua crowbars.
Riam, tsim los rau cov neeg uas nyiam hneev tua hneev, hneev taub hau lossis rab hmuv, muaj qhov tshwj xeeb txiav rau ntawm pob taws ntawm cov hniav, uas ua rau nws yooj yim dua kom rub tawm cov xib xub los yog rab raj.
Dolly - txiav ntev rau ntawm ib lossis ob sab ntawm cov hniav. Hauv kev hais lus sib luag, lawv feem ntau hu ua "ntshav ntws". Tab sis lawv tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog ntshav ntshav. Lawv lub hom phiaj yog ua kom cov hniav ci tuaj thiab ua rau nws cov tawv tawv nruj. Qee zaum, hauv kev nrhiav tus thawj, cov chaw tsim khoom ua rau lawv hla, tab sis qhov tshwm sim yog qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm cov cuab yeej siv zog ntawm cov hniav.
Nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm cov hniav ntawm bayonet-riam (qee zaum hauv cov ciaj sia taus riam), koj tuaj yeem pom me me los ntawm lub qhov taub. Nrog nws cov kev pab, cov hniav ntawm cov xov tooj cua-rab riam txuas rau lub scabbard, tsim cov hlau txiav.
Kev txiav tawm ib nrab ntawm ib sab ntawm cov hniav ntawm tus ciam ntawm cov hniav thiab tus tuav. Ib qho me me rau ntawm lub ntsej muag thib tsib nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 1–3 mm (“muzzle”) ua kom yooj yim dua ntawm cov hniav. Qhov loj me me ib nrab qhov me me yog hu ua sub-finger notch lossis sub-finger radius. Nws yog tsim los rau tus ntiv tes ntsuas ntawm tes thiab ua haujlwm kom yooj yim rub tawm riam nyob hauv cov khoom tuab.
"Thumb print" - thaj chaw oval ntawm pob taws ntawm cov hniav, npog nrog ntxoov ntxoo. Nws tau tsim los txhawb tus ntiv tes xoo thaum tuav riam nrog tuav tuav. Thawj thawj zaug, cov txheej txheem txheej txheem no tau siv lub npe nrov "V42" rab riam ntawm Asmeskas cov tub rog tshwj xeeb thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob.
Qhov "cim" no tseem tuaj yeem pom ntawm tus txwv lossis tuav ntawm cov riam me rau kev tiv thaiv tus kheej.
Cov ntawv sau rau ntawm cov hniav. Cov tuam txhab paub zoo riam tuaj yeem tso rau ntawm nws lub logo, lub npe ntawm lub teb chaws uas tau ua riam, hom hlau, lub npe ntawm tus qauv riam, lub ntsej muag ntawm cov riam phom nto moo, thiab lwm yam Ntawm cov riam pheej yig, cov ntawv sau no thov nrog xim los yog los ntawm kev thim nyiaj. Ntawm cov qauv kim dua, siv cov kos los yog kos duab.
Ib qho ntxiv, cov hniav ntawm cov ciaj sia tuaj yeem muaj cov cim sib txawv - goniometric thiab / lossis ntsuas, ntsuas qhov ntsuas, thiab lwm yam.
