Grom yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm Polish lub tshuab tiv thaiv dav hlau tiv thaiv lub dav hlau. Ib yam li lwm yam MANPADS, nws tau tsim los rhuav tshem ntau yam kev ya dav hlau qis ntawm kev sib tsoo thiab caum cov chav kawm. Nws yog qhov paub zoo nyuaj thiab ib qho ntawm tus kheej ntawm Polish cov tub rog-kev ua haujlwm nyuaj, thaum thawj tus qauv ntawm cov khoom siv no yooj yim hauv kev sib xyaw thiab tsim yuav luag tag nrho rov ua dua Igla MANPADS Lavxias.
MANPADS "Grom" thiab nws cov kev hloov kho tshiab tam sim no tau ua haujlwm nrog cov tub rog Polish, thiab tseem tau txhawb rau hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb. Nws tau paub tias ntxiv rau Tebchaws Poland, txoj haujlwm no tau ua tiav los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Georgia thiab Lithuania. Nws yog qhov xav paub tias qhov nyuaj tau tsim nrog kev txhawb nqa ncaj qha los ntawm Lavxias sab, uas txij xyoo 1995 txog 2004 tau muab rau Poland nrog kev pabcuam hauv kev txhim kho thiab ua tus tswv ntawm kev tsim khoom ntawm ib tus neeg ntawm cov khoom sib dhos, tshwj xeeb, cov khoom hauv tebchaws Russia thiab cov khoom siv tau muab rau hauv lub tebchaws, ua tiav kev lag luam hauv zos ntawm txoj kev nyuaj thiab kev tsim khoom ntawm cov chaw lag luam hauv zej zog.
MANPADS "Grom" (Thunder) tau tsim los tiv thaiv kev pom pom pom lub dav hlau ya dav hlau ntawm ntau hom (suav nrog dav hlau, nyoob hoom qav taub, nkoj caij nkoj) ya ntawm qhov nrawm txog 400 m / s ntawm kev sib tsoo thiab ntawm qhov nrawm txog 320 m / s - ntawm cov chav kawm suav nrog, hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom cua thiab ntuj (keeb kwm yav dhau) cua sov cua sov. MANPADS "Thunder" tau tsim los ntawm cov lag luam ntawm Polish cov tub rog-kev ua haujlwm nyuaj raws li Lavxias MANPADS "Igla-1" thiab "Igla". Ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab nqa khoom no tau pib hauv tebchaws Poland xyoo 1992.
MANPADS "Grom" Cov.
Thawj qhov piv txwv ntawm lub tshuab nqa tau yooj yim, xaiv "Grom-1", tau pib ua haujlwm nrog pab tub rog Polish hauv xyoo 1995. Kev txhim kho thiab hloov kho tshiab ntawm qhov nyuaj txuas ntxiv mus hauv lub luag haujlwm ntawm "Grom-2" txoj haujlwm. Tau ntev heev, txij xyoo 1995 txog 2004, Russia tau muab cov tuam txhab Polish nrog kev pabcuam hauv kev txhim kho thiab tsim khoom ntawm ib tus neeg ntawm MANPADS Grom-2, muab, ntawm lwm yam, kev muab cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv, piv txwv li, GOS 9E410 thiab 1G-03 kev tsim khoom OJSC "LOMO". Raws li cov lus pom zoo ntawm kev koom tes, pawg Polish tau cog lus tias yuav tsis rov xa tawm cov khoom sib txawv, ntxiv rau tsis txhob muag lawv rau lwm tus neeg yam tsis tau kev pom zoo los ntawm Russia, thiab siv cov khoom lag luam Lavxias nkaus xwb rau qhov xav tau ntawm Polish Ministry ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv.
MANPADS "Grom" hauv kev tsim qauv thiab muaj pes tsawg yuav luag rov ua dua tshiab ntawm Lavxias lub teeb "Igla". Nws suav nrog lub foob pob tiv thaiv dav hlau, lub foob pob hluav taws nrog lub hauv paus tshawb nrhiav radar thiab lub zog siv hluav taws xob, thiab lub raj tso tawm.
Cov dav hlau tiv thaiv dav hlau coj los tiv thaiv "Grom" tau ua raws li lub tswv yim aerodynamic "duck", nyob rau hauv nws ib sab pem hauv ntej muaj aerodynamic rudders, thiab sab nraub qaum muaj plaub qhov poob qis. Ob-channel homing lub taub hau, zoo ib yam li 9E410. Photodetector ntawm cov channel tseem ceeb yog ua los ntawm cov tshuaj antimony indium, thiab tau txias ua ntej tso lub foob pob hluav taws mus rau qhov kub ntawm -196 degrees Celsius. Tus photodetector ntawm lub koom haum pabcuam yog tus kws kho qhov muag tsis pom zoo raws cov hlau lead sulphide. Lub kaw lus tiv thaiv cov foob pob hluav taws tau ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub raj xa tawm ntawm qhov nyuaj, uas muaj cov qhov nyob rau txuas rau lub foob thiab lub zog siv. Lub tshuab ua haujlwm ntawm "Thunder" MANPADS yog rov siv tau thiab tuaj yeem siv tau ntau zaus. Nws muab kev npaj tsis siv neeg ntawm lub dav hlau tiv thaiv lub dav hlau rau kev tshaj tawm, tshuaj xyuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws, nrog rau kev tsim cov tshuaj tua tus kheej. Chav fais fab ntawm qhov nyuaj yuav tsum tau siv lub zog ua kom txias thiab ua kom lub taub hau nyob zoo. Nws suav nrog lub roj teeb pyrotechnic thiab lub tog raj kheej nitrogen nrawm (siab 35 MPa).
Chav nyob ntawm cov tub rog tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm pab tub rog tub rog zaum 10 ntawm pab tub rog Polish thaum lub sijhawm kawm ntawm qhov chaw cob qhia; Lub ob hlis ntuj 2018
Cov neeg tsim khoom los ntawm Tebchaws Poland tau tsim txoj kev sib txuas tshiab rau lub foob pob hluav taws; lub cav tseem ceeb thiab lub taub hau tseem raug hloov kho. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lub cuab yeej nqa tau yooj yim "Grom" tuaj yeem kov yeej huab cua lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov siab tshaj 3000 meters, thiab qhov kev siv ntau ntxiv mus rau 5500 meters. Lub taub hau ntawm "Grom" foob pob hluav taws tiv thaiv kab ke sib txawv los ntawm Lavxias tus qauv hauv qhov hnyav me ntsis ntxiv thiab, raws li cov neeg tsim khoom Polish, ua tau zoo dua. Rau cov khoom siv tau yooj yim "Grom", lub ntsuas tshiab ntawm lub kaw lus ntawm kev lees paub ntawm haiv neeg (phooj ywg lossis yeeb ncuab) IK3-02 kuj tau tsim.
Cov hauv qab no pom kev hloov pauv ntawm txoj haujlwm tuaj yeem sau tseg. Thaum pib MANPADS "Grom" (xyoo 1990, hu ua "Grom 1") yog daim ntawv tso cai ntawm Soviet nqa khoom yooj yim 9K310 "Igla-1" sib sau ua ke los ntawm Polish tuam txhab Mesko nrog hloov kho 9M313 foob pob nrog 9E410 homing lub taub hau. (GOS) los ntawm 9M39 foob pob hluav taws nqa tau yooj yim 9K38 "Igla" tsim los ntawm St. Petersburg OJSC "LOMO". Ib qho ntxiv, lub taub hau foob pob hluav taws thiab lub foob pob hluav taws 9P519 tau hloov kho.
Txij li xyoo 2000, MESKO SA cov nroj tsuag tau pib tsim khoom hloov kho MANPADS, xaiv "Grom 2". Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog hloov kho lub foob pob tiv thaiv dav hlau, uas tau txais GOS 1G03 tshiab tsim los ntawm JSC LOMO, ntxiv rau lub taub hau tshiab, qhov hnyav nce ntawm 1.27 txog 1.83 kg. Thaum pib, GOS rau lub khoos phis tawj tshiab tau muab los ntawm St. Petersburg lub tuam txhab "LOMO", tab sis txij li xyoo 2004 Tebchaws Poland tuaj yeem ua kom tiav cov khoom lag luam ntawm GOS. Tsis tas li, hauv kev tshaj tawm cov cuab yeej ntawm txoj haujlwm, tau siv lub hauv paus tshiab thiab cov roj teeb cia tshiab. Ob qho kev hloov kho ntawm Grom MANPADS tuaj yeem siv cov txheej txheem txheej txheem rau Igla MANPADS (9P516) thiab Igla-1 MANPADS (9P519).
Ib qho kev hloov pauv ntxiv ntawm qhov nyuaj yog Piorun (Xob Laim) MANPADS, xub xub xaiv los ua Grom-M thiab yog qhov kev xaiv rau kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm Grom 2 txoj kev. Kev txhim kho ntawm "Thunder" tau ua tiav los ntawm Military Technical Academy (Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna) ua ke nrog cov tuam txhab BUMAR thiab ZM Mesko. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm txoj haujlwm hloov kho tshiab yog ua kom lub foob pob hluav taws nrawm dua (nce mus rau 660 m / s), thaj tsam thiab qhov siab ntawm lub hom phiaj kev puas tsuaj, ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv tsis zoo ntawm tus neeg nrhiav, nrog rau xyuas kom muaj peev xwm siv MANPADS tawm tsam hom tshiab ntawm cov hom phiaj huab cua, suav nrog cov tsheb tsis siv neeg.
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub sijhawm hloov kho tshiab ntawm lub tshuab nqa tau suav nrog kev nruab lub dav hlau tiv thaiv lub dav hlau nrog lub cav tshiab-roj, uas yog kev txhim kho uas yog tswv ntawm tuam txhab Polish Mesko. Kev siv lub cav tshiab yuav tsum nce qhov kev sib tua ntawm qhov nyuaj mus rau 6500 meters, thiab kev ncav cuag lub hom phiaj huab cua hauv qhov siab yuav nce mus txog 4000 meters. Ntawm lwm yam, Piorun MANPADS lub foob pob hluav taws tau txais kev hloov kho nrog cov teeb liab ua, nrog rau kev sib txuas tshiab, uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau raws li hom phiaj. Qhov hnyav ntawm lub taub hau tau nce mus rau 2 kg, thaum nws tau nruab nrog lub zog tshiab tawg ntawm lub cim tshiab CL-20 thiab cov mos txwv uas tau npaj ua. Ib qho pom duab infrared tau ntxiv rau lub foob pob hluav taws.
Thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2016, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg Hauv Tebchaws Poland tau kos npe pom zoo nrog Mesko rau kev muab 420 lub foob pob thiab 1,300 Piorun cuaj luaj. Raws li cov phiaj xwm, lawv yuav tsum hloov pauv txhua qhov "Thunder" cov kev ua haujlwm, tab sis nws nyuaj hais thaum twg qhov no yuav tshwm sim. Nws hloov tawm tias kev txhim kho nws tus kheej lub cav tshiab-txhawb nqa rau Piorun cov khoom txav tau hloov mus ua txoj haujlwm nyuaj rau Mesko, qhov ua tsis tiav ntawm lub cav no thiab cov teeb meem nrog nws cov khoom tsim tau dhau los ua ib qho kev cuam tshuam rau cov khoom lag luam tshiab version ntawm MANPADS.
Cov tub rog Lithuanian nrog Polish MANPADS "Grom" ntawm qhov chaw cob qhia Polish hauv Koszalin
MANPADS "Thunder" tau tsim tawm ntawm MESKO S. A kev lag luam nyob hauv nroog Skarzysko-Kamen. Tam sim no, txoj haujlwm tau txhawb nqa thoob ntiaj teb kev lag luam raws li ib feem ntawm ntau yam luv-dav tiv thaiv dav hlau tshuab (ZUR-23-2KG Jodek-G, ZSU-23-4MP Biala, Poprad), tso rau ntau lub chassis. Nws kuj tseem paub tias xyoo 2007 Tebchaws Poland muag rau Georgia txog 30 lub chaw nqa Grom complex thiab txog li 100 lub foob pob rau lawv. Cov kev nyuaj no tau siv thaum lub sijhawm Georgian-Ossetian tsis sib haum thaum Lub Yim Hli 2008.
Nyuam qhuav pib xyoo 2005, Tebchaws Poland tuaj yeem xaus daim ntawv cog lus rau $ 35 lab rau kev muab khoom ntawm nws tus kheej Kobra kev tiv thaiv huab cua rau Indonesia. Qhov nyuaj no suav nrog WD-95 kev sib ntaus tswj tsheb, MMSR lub xov tooj cua radar, Poprad lub foob pob hluav taws txawb nrog Thunder tiv thaiv dav hlau thiab ZUR-23-2KG lub foob pob. Thawj lub roj teeb ntawm qhov nyuaj tau yuav los ntawm Indonesia xyoo 2007. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, cov tub rog Indonesian tau yuav 74 Grom cuaj luaj thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 23mm mos txwv.
Lwm tus neeg siv khoom txawv teb chaws ntawm qhov hloov pauv tau yooj yim yog Lithuania, uas thaum kawg lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2014 tau txais thawj pawg ntawm Grom MANPADS (feem ntau yuav nyob hauv Grom-2 version). Tus nqi ntawm daim ntawv cog lus kos npe los ntawm Lithuania yog 34.041 lab euros, nws tau kos npe thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 2014, cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim ntawv cog lus tsis tau qhia tawm. Kev xa khoom ntawm Polish MANPADS hauv cov khoom me me yuav ua tiav kom txog thaum 2021. Tus nqi ntawm thawj pawg, tau txais hauv 2014, tau kwv yees ntawm 4.8 lab euros, thiab nws qhov loj me tuaj yeem yog 12 lub foob pob thiab nce txog 60 lub foob pob rau lawv.
Cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo ntawm MANPADS "Grom":
Qhov ntau ntawm cov hom phiaj ntaus yog los ntawm 500 txog 5500 m.
Qhov siab ntawm lub hom phiaj ntaus yog los ntawm 10 txog 3500 m.
Qhov nrawm ntawm lub hom phiaj ntaus: txog 400 m / s (ntawm chav kawm ntawm lub taub hau), mus txog 320 m / s (ntawm chav kawm caum).
Qhov siab tshaj plaws foob pob hluav taws yog 580 m / s.
Lub foob pob hluav taws lub cev yog 72 hli.
Missile ntev - 1648 hli.
Lub foob pob ua ntxaij loj yog 10, 25 kg.
Lub taub hau hnyav - 1,27 kg.
Qhov hnyav ntawm qhov nyuaj hauv txoj haujlwm tua yog 18, 5 kg.
Lub sijhawm hloov mus rau txoj haujlwm tua yog 13 vib nas this.
