German me-caliber anti-aircraft phom tiv thaiv Soviet aviation (ib feem ntawm 7)

German me-caliber anti-aircraft phom tiv thaiv Soviet aviation (ib feem ntawm 7)
German me-caliber anti-aircraft phom tiv thaiv Soviet aviation (ib feem ntawm 7)

Video: German me-caliber anti-aircraft phom tiv thaiv Soviet aviation (ib feem ntawm 7)

Video: German me-caliber anti-aircraft phom tiv thaiv Soviet aviation (ib feem ntawm 7)
Video: Saib Mis paub Poj niam (hluas nkauj) tus yam ntxwv lub siab 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Tom qab kev swb ntawm Tebchaws Yelemees hauv Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1 los ntawm Treaty of Versailles, nws raug txwv tsis pub muaj thiab tsim cov phom loj tiv thaiv dav hlau. Cov tub rog tiv thaiv dav hlau rov tsim dua thaum ntxov 30s rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev koom tes kom txog thaum xyoo 1935 tau raug hu ua "tsheb ciav hlau pab tub rog", thiab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv dav hlau tiv thaiv lub dav hlau, tsim hauv Tebchaws Yelemees nyob rau lub sijhawm txij xyoo 1928 txog 1933, tau tsim " xub. kaum yim ". Yog li, hauv qhov kev nug los ntawm Great Britain thiab Fab Kis, cov neeg German tuaj yeem teb tias cov no tsis yog riam phom tshiab, tab sis yog cov qub, tsim xyoo 1918, txawm tias ua ntej Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1 yuav xaus.

Txhua qhov no tau ua tiav rau 37-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau tsis siv phom 3, 7 cm Flak 18 (German 3, 7 cm Flugzeugabwehrkanone 18) tsim los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij ntawm Rheinmetall Borsig AG kev txhawj xeeb xyoo 1929 los ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm Solothurn Waffenfabrik AG tuam txhab. Lub phom ntev 37-mm tau npaj los tua cov dav hlau ya ntawm qhov siab txog 4000 m.

German me-caliber anti-aircraft phom tiv thaiv Soviet aviation (ib feem ntawm 7)
German me-caliber anti-aircraft phom tiv thaiv Soviet aviation (ib feem ntawm 7)

Cov phom loj siv lub tshuab ua haujlwm vim yog lub zog thim rov qab nrog lub cev luv luv. Kev tua tau nqa tawm los ntawm kev nqa phom ntawm tus taw, txhawb nqa los ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig puag hauv av. Hauv qhov chaw khaws cia, rab phom tau thauj ntawm lub laub plaub lub log. Cov neeg tsim qauv tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas kom yooj yim ntawm kev saib xyuas thiab tswj tau ntawm rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Tshwj xeeb, kev sib txuas xov tsis tau siv dav hauv nws.

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Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 37-hli 3, 7 cm Flak 18, tom qab kev sim tub rog ntev, tau nkag mus ua haujlwm rau xyoo 1935. Rau kev tua los ntawm rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau 37-mm, ib rab phom hu ua 37x263B tau siv, uas, ua ke nrog rab phom ntev ntawm 2106 mm, nyob ntawm seb hom thiab qhov hnyav ntawm qhov projectile, ua rau nws ceev mus rau 800-860 m / s. Cartridge hnyav - 1, 51-1, 57 kg. Cov cuab yeej siv phom-tho qhov projectile hnyav 680 g nrawm rau 800 m / s. Lub thickness ntawm cov cuab yeej nkag los ntawm cov cuab yeej-tho tracer ntawm qhov deb ntawm 800 m ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 60 ° yog 25 hli. Cov mos txwv thauj khoom kuj suav nrog kev txhaj tshuaj: nrog rau kev tawg-tawg, tawg-tawg thiab tawg-tawg tawg-tawg tawg tawg, lub foob pob hluav taws tiv thaiv lub foob pob tawg, nrog rau subcaliber armor-piercing tracer projectile nrog cov carbide core.

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Lub hwj chim tau muab los ntawm 6-tus nqi kaw rau sab laug ntawm tus txais. Tus nqi hluav taws - txog 150 rds / min. Qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom hauv qhov chaw sib ntaus yog 1760 kg, hauv qhov chaw khaws cia - 3560 kg. Suav - 7 tus neeg. Lub kaum ntawm kev taw qhia ntsug: ntawm -7 ° txog + 80 °. Nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau kab rov tav, muaj qhov ua rau muaj kev phom sij. Kev taw qhia tsav yog ob-ceev. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm thaj tsam ntawm huab cua yog 4200 m.

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Feem ntau, rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 37-mm tau ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv lub dav hlau ntawm qhov deb txog li 2000 m, thiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo tiv thaiv lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv me ntsis phom thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv txoj kab kev-pom-pom.

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Kev ua kev cai raus dej ntawm hluav taws 3, 7 cm Flak 18 tau tshwm sim hauv Spain, qhov uas rab phom ua tau zoo tag nrho. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau qhov kev tsis txaus siab txog qhov hnyav dhau hauv txoj haujlwm thauj, yog vim li cas thiaj li hnyav thiab tsis xis nyob plaub lub log "tsheb laij teb". Txawm hais tias los ntawm qhov pib ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob, rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 37-hli no tau hloov pauv hauv kev tsim khoom nrog cov qauv ntau dua, nws txoj haujlwm tseem txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum muaj kev tawm tsam.

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Twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1936, siv rab phom loj 3, 7 cm Flak 18 thiab rab phom tshiab nqa mus, rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau 3, 7 cm Flak 36 tau tsim los. Qhov hnyav ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv qhov chaw sib ntaus tau raug txo kom 1550 kg, thiab hauv qhov chaw khaws cia - txog 2400 kg. Thaum tswj hwm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws thiab qhov hluav taws kub ntawm qhov kev hloov kho yav dhau los, cov kev nce qib tau nce ntxiv nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm -8 txog + 85 °.

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Qhov txo qis hauv qhov hnyav tau ua tiav vim yog kev hloov pauv mus rau plaub lub thav duab tshiab uas muaj ob lub log uas txav tau mus los. Nws tau thauj mus los ntawm qhov nrawm txog 50 km / h. Kev teeb tsa rab phom ntawm lub laub thiab tshem tawm los ntawm nws tau ua los ntawm kev siv saw saw. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub foob pob thiab tus nqi ntawm rab phom tseem zoo li qub.

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Hauv qhov kev hloov pauv tom ntej 3, 7 cm Flak 37, txhim kho kev tiv thaiv dav hlau pom Sonderhänger 52 nrog lub tshuab xam zauv tau qhia. Kev tswj hluav taws ntawm lub roj teeb tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tau ua tiav siv Flakvisier 40 rangefinder. Los ntawm cov qauv ua ntej, 3, 7 cm Flak 37 hauv qhov chaw tua hluav taws tuaj yeem sib txawv los ntawm kev hloov pauv lub hau npog, uas cuam tshuam nrog kev siv tshuab yooj yim dua.

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Ntxiv nrog rau cov tsheb npav txheem, 3, 7-cm Flak 18 thiab Flak 36 phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau raug teeb tsa ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau, ntau lub tsheb thauj khoom thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv. Xyoo 1940, kev tsim cov phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau pib ntawm lub chassis ntawm 5-tuj ib nrab-khiav Sd. Kfz.6 tsheb laij teb, xaiv Sd. Kfz.6 / 2.

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Ib qho tsis muaj tub rog ZSU hnyav 10, 4 tons tau siv phom Flak 36, thiab nws cov neeg ua haujlwm muaj 5 leej. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 339 cov phom tua tus kheej tau xa mus rau Wehrmacht. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Sab Hnub Tuaj, cov phom tsis siv tus kheej tau raug kev txom nyem hnyav. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tshem tawm qhov siab qhov qis thiab kev tawm tsam los ntawm Soviet aviation thiab thaum muab kev pab tua hluav taws rau hauv av.

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Xyoo 1942, raws li 8-tuj SdKfz 7 ib nrab tsheb laij teb, ZSU tau tsim, uas tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam raws li lub npe Sd. Kfz.7 / 2. Qhov phom no nws tus kheej tau hnyav 11.05 tons thiab tau siv rab phom 37-mm Flak 36. Txog thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1945, ntau dua 900 ntawm cov phom no tau tsim los, feem ntau lawv tawm tsam rau Sab Hnub Tuaj.

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Tsis zoo li rub 37-mm phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau xa mus rau ntawm qhov chaw npaj tua hluav taws ua ib feem ntawm lub roj teeb, kev suav cov phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tua tus kheej thaum tua ntawm lub hom phiaj huab cua, vim muaj ntau qhov xwm txheej, raws li txoj cai, tsis siv optical rangefinder, uas cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau qhov raug ntawm kev tua. Hauv qhov no, kev hloov kho qhov pom tau ua nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm kev tua, raws li txoj hauv kev ntawm lub pluaj tracer txheeb ze rau lub hom phiaj.

ZSU nrog rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau 37-mm ntawm lub chassis ntawm cov neeg thauj khoom ib nrab tau nquag siv nyob rau Sab Hnub Tuaj, ua haujlwm feem ntau nyob rau thaj tsam pem hauv ntej. Lawv tau koom nrog hauv kev thauj cov tsheb thauj mus los thiab yog ib feem ntawm cov tub rog tiv thaiv dav hlau uas tau muab kev tiv thaiv huab cua rau qee lub tank thiab tsheb sib tsoo (panzergrenadier). Hauv kev sib piv nrog rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau uas siv lub tshuab 20-hli thiab 30-hli tshuab rab phom (tshwj xeeb yog plaub), rab phom 37-hli muaj tus nqi sib ntaus sib tua tsawg dua. Tab sis hnyav dua thiab muaj zog ntau dua 37-mm projectiles ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tawm tsam huab cua lub hom phiaj ya ntawm qhov deb thiab qhov siab nkag tsis tau rau phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau ntawm lub zog me dua. Nrog ze qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov muzzle nrawm, 37 -mm projectile hnyav ib thiab ib nrab rau ob zaug ntau dua li 30 -mm (640 - 680 g piv rau 330 - 500 g), uas thaum kawg txiav txim siab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv lub qhov ncauj lub zog (215 kJ piv rau 140) …

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Qhov kev paub ntawm kev siv kev sib ntaus sib tua pom tias ib feem ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv dav hlau tiv thaiv tus kheej phom Sd. Kfz.7 / 2 tau hloov pauv ntau ntxiv rau qhov tseeb ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Sab Hnub Poob tshaj li 20-mm SPAAG ntawm lub tank thiab ib nrab-khiav chassis. Ib lub pob zeb tawg loj 37-mm hnyav 640g, muaj 96 grams ntawm TNT sib xyaw nrog pentrite, thaum tsoo, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau Il-2 thiab Il-10 nres dav hlau. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ncav cuag ua rau nws tuaj yeem siv 37-mm ZSU tiv thaiv lub hom phiaj nruab nrab qhov siab hauv kev nyiam tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm ntau hom khoom siv hauv av nyob ruaj khov. Ib qho ntxiv, thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam, 37-hli rab phom tua tus kheej feem ntau ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub xov tooj txawb tiv thaiv lub tank. Txog ntawm qhov deb txog li 500 m, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv lub teeb thiab cov tso tsheb hlau luam nruab nrab. Hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev siv tiv thaiv lub tsheb tiv thaiv phom, lub mos txwv thauj khoom ntawm 37-hli phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tuaj yeem suav nrog cov phom loj uas hnyav 405 g, nrog cov tungsten carbide core thiab pib ceev ntawm 1140 m / s. Ntawm qhov deb ntawm 600 m, raws qhov ib txwm muaj, nws tau hle 90 hli cov cuab yeej ua rog. Tab sis vim yog qhov tsis txaus ntawm tungsten, 37mm APCR shells tsis tau siv ntau. Ib qho ntxiv, kev siv ZSU Sd. Kfz.7 / 2 tiv thaiv Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam ib ntus yog qhov kev ntsuas yuam kom siv.

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Kev suav ntawm 37-mm rab phom tua tus kheej tau them ib nrab tsuas yog los ntawm 8-mm tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv daim ntaub thaiv, thiab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv nyias ntawm lub cockpit thiab lub cav cav tiv thaiv los ntawm cov phom phom loj uas tau tua los ntawm qhov ze ntawm tsis ze dua 300 m. German ZSU tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo ncaj qha txawm tias muaj lub tso tsheb hlau luam lub teeb, thiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo tsuas yog los ntawm kev tawm tsam.

Feem ntau, 3, 7 cm Flak 36 thiab 3, 7 cm Flak 37 phom ntev tau ua tiav raws li qhov yuav tsum tau rau 37-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum tua ntawm lub hom phiaj huab cua txav mus los sai, nws yog qhov xav tau kom nce qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm hluav taws. Xyoo 1943, rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 37-mm rub 3, 7 cm Flak 43, tsim los ntawm kev txhawj xeeb Rheinmetall Borsig AG, nkag mus ua haujlwm. Lub kaum sab xis taw qhia ntawm lub tog raj kheej tau nce mus rau 90 °, thiab lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv phom loj tsis siv neeg tau raug kho dua. Txoj hlab ntsha tawg luv ntawm lub thoob thaum lub sijhawm rov ua haujlwm tau ua ke nrog lub tshuab ua pa lub tshuab pa uas qhib qhov ntsia liaj qhov rooj. Vim qhov no, nws muaj peev xwm ua ke ua ke ntau txoj haujlwm thiab txo lub sijhawm xav tau los ua txhua yam haujlwm thaum tsim cov tshuaj.

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Ib txhij nrog qhov nce ntawm qhov hluav taws kub mus rau 250 rds / min, vim kev qhia txog lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav-hydraulic damper zoo, nws muaj peev xwm txo qis qis thiab poob siab ntawm rab phom thav duab. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom hauv txoj haujlwm sib ntaus yog 1300 kg, hauv txoj haujlwm thauj - txog 2000 kg. Txhawm rau nce qhov ua tau zoo ntawm qhov hluav taws kub mus rau 100 rds / min thiab qhov ntev ntawm qhov tawg tas mus li, tus naj npawb ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj hauv daim vis dis aus tau nce mus rau 8 chav nyob. Qhov hnyav ntawm qhov clip nrog 8 txhaj tshuaj yog kwv yees li 15 kg.

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Lub chim ntev, mos txwv thiab ballistics ntawm Flak 43 tseem tsis hloov pauv piv rau Flak 36. Cov phom tau thauj mus los ntawm ib leeg-qag sprung trailer, nrog pneumatic thiab tes nres, nrog rau lub winch rau txo qis thiab nce rab phom thaum nws tau hloov pauv los ntawm txoj haujlwm taug kev mus rau txoj haujlwm sib ntaus thiab lwm yam. Hauv qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb, tua los ntawm lub laub tau tso cai, thaum txoj haujlwm tua kab rov tav tsis tshaj 30 °. Chav tsev phom loj Flak 43 tau teeb tsa rau ntawm lub hauv paus peb sab nrog peb lub thav duab, uas nws tig. Lub txaj muaj lub tsho rau qib phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Lub tshuab nqa khoom yog ntu, nrog ib lub hom phiaj nrawm. Lub tshuab tig tau muaj ob lub hom phiaj nrawm. Qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov viav vias tau ua los ntawm kev ntsuas ntsuas nrog lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav.

Ua raws li qhov kev paub ntawm kev ua phem, rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tshiab muaj cov hlau thaiv nrog ob lub ntsej muag sab, uas txo qis qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm kev suav thaum tshem tawm huab cua tawm tsam thiab tawm tsam hauv av. Txhawm rau ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev tua hluav taws tiv thaiv dav hlau, lub hom phiaj los ntawm ib lub dav hlau tiv thaiv hluav taws tua hluav taws tau siv los ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ib tus neeg qhov muag tau khaws cia rau siv sab nraum 3, 7 cm Flak 43 tiv thaiv lub dav hlau roj teeb. Hauv Wehrmacht, rub phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 3, 7 cm Flak 43 tau txo qis rau roj teeb ntawm 9 phom. Hauv kev tiv thaiv lub dav hlau roj teeb ntawm Luftwaffe, muab tso rau hauv txoj haujlwm nyob ruaj khov, tuaj yeem muaj txog li 12 37-mm rab phom.

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Raws li nyob rau hauv rooj plaub nrog lwm 20-37-mm nrawm-tua phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, 3, 7 cm Flak 43 tau siv los tsim SPAAG. Thaum xub thawj, lawv tau sim nce rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 37-hli tshiab ntawm lub cev ntawm SdKfz 251 ib nrab ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv cov tub rog. Txawm li cas los xij, pawg tub rog ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv tub rog tau dhau los ua qhov hnyav dhau los kom haum rau rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau txaus, neeg coob thiab mos txwv. Hauv qhov no, cov kws tshaj lij ntawm Friedrich Krupp AG tau mus rau txoj kev raug ntaus, tsim kom muaj 37-hli version ntawm Cov Rooj Tog Zaum Tsheb. Los ntawm kev sib piv nrog plaub plaub 20-mm SPAAG ntawm lub tank chassis, zoo Pz. Kpfw IV kev hloov kho H thiab J nrog kev sib tsoo turret.

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Ib lub thawv ntawm 20-hli daim hlau thaiv daim hlau tau sib sau ua ke nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tshuab tiv thaiv lub dav hlau rab phom hauv txoj haujlwm thauj, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv rab phom thiab cov neeg coob los ntawm cov mos txwv thiab lub teeb tawg. Qee zaum, txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev muaj peev xwm tua hluav taws los ntawm txoj haujlwm khaws cia, tau txiav tawm hauv daim ntawv pem hauv ntej. Thaum ua hluav taws tiv thaiv dav hlau, daim hlau thaiv daim hlau tau muab thim rov qab, ua lub tiaj tiaj. Qhov loj ntawm ZSU hauv txoj haujlwm sib ntaus yog nyob hauv 25 tons, kev txav mus los yog nyob ntawm theem ntawm lub hauv paus chassis. Cov neeg coob ntawm lub tsheb suav nrog rau rau tus neeg. Txawm hais tias rab phom tua tus kheej tau xub hu ua Flakpanzerkampfwagen IV (lus-Sib ntaus tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tank IV), lub npe Möbelwagen (German rooj tog tsheb) nyam ntau dua.

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Thawj 37-mm ZSU ntawm lub chassis ntawm lub tank nruab nrab tau xa mus rau cov tub rog thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1944. Txog lub Yim Hli 1944 rab phom tua tus kheej 3, 7 cm FlaK 43 auf Pz. Kpfw. IV "Möbelwagen" tau nruab nrog kev sib cais tawm tsam dav hlau (8 lub tsheb txhua) ntawm peb qhov kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv kab mob nyob rau Sab Hnub Poob thiab ob lub tub rog sib cais ntawm Sab Hnub Poob.

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Yav tom ntej, cov tub rog ntawm lub tank tau nruab nrog cov tub rog sib ntaus sib tua, uas suav nrog 4 ZSU nrog 37-hli phom tiv thaiv dav hlau thiab 4 ZSU nrog rab phom tshuab 20-mm. Tam sim no tsis muaj peev xwm los tsim tus lej pes tsawg ntawm 37-mm Rooj tog Tsheb Ua. Cov peev txheej feem ntau pom zoo tias tsuas yog ntau dua 205 chav nyob tau tsim.

ZSU 3, 7 cm FlaK 43 auf Pz. Kpfw. IV tau muaj tus lej ntawm qhov tsis zoo. Txhawm rau hloov qhov kev teeb tsa los ntawm txoj haujlwm taug kev thiab rov qab, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum nthuav tawm thiab nce cov phaj hlau hnyav, uas xav tau sijhawm thiab kev rau siab rau lub cev. Ntawm qhov chaw tua, tag nrho cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm kev teeb tsa, tshwj tsis yog rau tus neeg tsav tsheb, tau nyob ntawm lub platform qhib thiab muaj kev phom sij heev rau cov mos txwv thiab cov tawg. Hauv qhov no, nws tau txiav txim siab tsim cov phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tua tus kheej nrog lub turret. Txij li tus neeg tua phom yuav tsum tuaj yeem kuaj pom lub hom phiaj huab cua ntawm tus kheej, thiab thaum tua lub tshuab rab phom 37-mm, ntau cov hmoov av tau nkag mus rau hauv chav sib ntaus nrog rau siv cov mos txwv, lub turret yuav tsum tau qhib los ntawm saum toj no.

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Thaum Lub Xya Hli 1944, Ostbau Werke tau tsim thawj qhov qauv ntawm ZSU nrog 37-hli FlaK 43 phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau teeb tsa hauv lub turret tig ntawm lub chassis ntawm lub Pz. Kpfw IV lub tank. Lub tsho tiv thaiv tuab ntawm lub hexagonal turret yog 25 hli. Lub turret muaj tsev 37-hli tsis siv neeg Flak43 rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, pom cov cuab yeej, pab tub rog sib ntaus, thiab 80 puag ncig hauv kab xev. Qhov seem ntawm cov mos txwv nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 920 puag ncig yog nyob hauv cov thawv turret. Kev suav ntawm ZSU suav nrog 5 tus neeg.

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ZSU tau txais lub npe 3, 7 cm Flak 43 auf Sfl Pz. Kpfw IV tom qab los ua lub npe hu ua Flakpanzer IV "Ostwind" (German Anti-aircraft tank IV "East Wind"). Piv rau Pz. Kpfw IV tau tsim ua ntu zus nyob rau lub sijhawm no, kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub dav hlau tua phom tua tus kheej tau tsawg dua. Cov neeg tsim ntawm ZSU tau txiav txim siab zoo heev suav tias nws tsis muaj teeb meem los teeb tsa cov ntxaij vab tshaus tiv thaiv ntawm nws, vim nws tsis xav tias yuav ua haujlwm hauv thawj kab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 1944, tau xaj xaj kom tsim 100 lub tsheb. Kev tsim khoom ntau ntawm Flakpanzer IV "Ostwind" tau tsim los ntawm Deutsche Eisenwerke cog hauv Duisburg, tab sis ua ntej kev puas tsuaj ntawm Nazi Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, tsis muaj ntau dua 50 tus kheej-propelled phom tiv thaiv dav hlau.

Duab
Duab

Raws li nyob rau hauv rooj plaub nrog lwm yam SPAAGs raws li Pz. Kpfw IV, tso tsheb hlau luam rov qab los ntawm kev puas tsuaj feem ntau yog siv los ua lub hauv paus. Kuj tseem muaj phiaj xwm los tsim 37-mm SPAAG ntawm lub chassis ntawm Pz. Kpfw. III thiab Pz. Kpfw. 38 (t) tso tsheb hlau luam, txawm li cas los xij, nws yeej tsis los rau qhov ua tiav ntawm cov haujlwm no. Yuav kom ncaj ncees, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias German "lub dav hlau tiv thaiv lub dav hlau" Flakpanzer IV "Ostwind" yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv nws chav kawm thiab thaum lub xyoo ua tsov rog tsis muaj qhov sib piv hauv lwm lub tebchaws.

Ob rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 37-hli tau xaiv Flakzwilling 43 (Gemini 43). Cov tshuab rab phom loj tau nyob ib qho saum toj no rau lwm qhov, thiab cov nyom uas cov tshuab tau teeb tsa tau txuas nrog rau ib leeg los ntawm kev sib zog ua ib qho duab sib dhos. Txhua lub tshuab tau nyob hauv nws tus menyuam lub txaj thiab tsim ib qho viav vias tig ib tus txheeb ze rau nws cov pins ncig.

Duab
Duab

Nrog txoj kev teeb tsa ntsug ntawm cov tshuab, thaum raug txhaj tshuaj los ntawm ib lub thoob, tsis muaj lub zog loj ntawm lub dav hlau kab rov tav, ua rau lub hom phiaj poob qis. Vim tias muaj cov thunnions tus kheej rau txhua rab phom tshuab, kev cuam tshuam cuam tshuam rau qhov cuam tshuam ib feem ntawm kev tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tau raug txo qis. Xws li kev daws teeb meem txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm qhov hluav taws kub thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm rab phom, thiab tseem muaj qhov ua tsis tiav ntawm rab phom, nws tuaj yeem tua hluav taws los ntawm qhov thib ob yam tsis cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv cov tshuab los ntawm ib qho kev teeb tsa yam tsis muaj kev hloov kho.

Duab
Duab

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov phiaj xwm no yog qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm qhov ua tau zoo: nrog kev teeb tsa ntsug, qhov siab ntawm kev tiv thaiv dav hlau tag nrho thiab qhov siab ntawm kab hluav taws tau nce. Ib qho ntxiv, qhov kev npaj no tsuas yog ua tau rau cov tshuab nrog sab pub.

Duab
Duab

Feem ntau, kev tsim ua ke 37-hli kev teeb tsa tau ua rau nws tus kheej. Qhov hnyav ntawm Flakzwilling 43 tau nce los ntawm kwv yees li 40% piv rau Flak 43, thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm hluav taws tau yuav luag ob npaug.

Kev ua haujlwm kuj tau ua tiav ntawm kab rov tav sib tw 37-hli rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau siv Flak 43 lub foob pob hluav taws.

Duab
Duab

Tus qauv ntawm lub tsheb, xaiv Flakzwilling 3, 7cm auf Panzerkampfwagen Panther, tau tsim xyoo 1944 thiab tsuas yog siv lub turret teeb tsa. Vim tias ntau dhau ntawm kev lag luam German nrog kev xaj tub rog, txoj haujlwm no tseem nyob hauv kev txhim kho.

Txog thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1945, Wesserhutte thiab Durrkopp cov chaw tsim khoom 5918 37-mm Flak 43 phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, thiab 1187 ntxaib Flakzwilling 43.3.7 cm Flak 43 thiab Flakzwilling 43 phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau ua haujlwm nrog rau chav tiv thaiv huab cua, ob qho tib si hauv Luftwaffe thiab hauv Wehrmacht, thiab tau siv dav hauv theem kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II. Txawm hais tias muaj qib siab dua ntawm cov yam ntxwv sib ntaus, Flak 43 tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm Flak 36/37 los ntawm cov kab ntau lawm-kev tsim cov khoom sib txawv ntawm 37-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau nqa mus txog thaum kawg tsov rog.

Duab
Duab

Xyoo 1945, lawv tau sim hloov kho ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm 37-mm cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau rau kev tua ntawm lub hom phiaj hauv av. Yog li, German cov lus txib npaj los ntsaws qhov khoob hauv kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv lub tank, ua ke, rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau yuav tsum muab kev tiv thaiv dav hlau tiv thaiv ntawm sab xub ntiag. Vim tias tsis muaj kev txav mus los, cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tsis siv neeg feem ntau tau siv ua ntej ua haujlwm hauv cov chaw tiv thaiv. Vim tias lawv nkag mus tau zoo thiab muaj hluav taws kub ntau rau lawv lub peev xwm, lawv ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau Soviet nruab nrab T-34 tso tsheb hlau luam thiab lub tsheb tiv thaiv lub teeb. Lawv qhov hluav taws kub tshwj xeeb yog kev puas tsuaj hauv cov nroog uas cov phom tiv thaiv cov dav hlau tuaj yeem tua tau los ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus.

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