Armor rau "Joseph Stalin". Hmo ntuj ntawm Soviet lub tsev hnyav tank

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Armor rau "Joseph Stalin". Hmo ntuj ntawm Soviet lub tsev hnyav tank
Armor rau "Joseph Stalin". Hmo ntuj ntawm Soviet lub tsev hnyav tank

Video: Armor rau "Joseph Stalin". Hmo ntuj ntawm Soviet lub tsev hnyav tank

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Tsov rog paub tias yog lub cav zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev nce qib. Lub tank kev lag luam ntawm Soviet Union tau ua rau kiv taub hau muaj peev xwm dhia hauv ob peb xyoo ua tsov rog. Qhov tseeb ntawm qhov no yog cov tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm IS series.

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Magnitogorsk daim ntawv qhia

Hauv ib ntu dhau los ntawm zaj dab neeg, nws tau hais txog 70L lub zog hnyav ua hlau cam khwb cia siv rau lub turrets ntawm IS tso tsheb hlau luam. Cov cuab yeej tsim tawm los ntawm TsNII-48 nyob deb ntawm thawj qhov kev paub hauv kev tsim kev tiv thaiv rau cov tso tsheb hlau hnyav.

Ua ntej Kursk Bulge, uas dhau los ua lub hauv paus rau kev tsim kho lub tsev hnyav hauv lub tsev, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov kho tshiab yog KV lub tank. Thaum xub thawj, txhua txoj haujlwm tau tsom mus rau txo qhov feem ntawm qhov tsis txaus siv cov tshuaj sib xyaw hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rog. Txawm tias lub npe hauv TsNII -48 tuaj nrog qhov tsim nyog - kev lag luam hlau sib xyaw hlau. Cov cuab yeej qub ntawm FD-7954 lub npe, uas lub tank KV nkag mus rau Great Patriotic War, muaj, raws li kev xav tau, mus txog 0.45% molybdenum, 2.7% npib tsib xee thiab chromium.

Txog thaum kawg xyoo 1941, pab pawg tshawb fawb coj los ntawm Andrei Sergeevich Zavyalov ntawm Armored Institute tau tsim cov ntawv qhia rau hlau FD -6633 lossis 49C, uas molybdenum xav tau ntau dua 0.3%, chromium - txog 2.3%, thiab npib tsib xee - mus txog 1, 5%. Xav txog tias KV series tso tsheb hlau luam los ntawm ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1941 txog 1943 tau sau txog 4 txhiab daim ntawv, ib tus tuaj yeem xav txog qhov nyiaj tiag ntawm kev txuag nyiaj hauv cov hlau sib xyaw.

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Daim card ntawm kev ua tiav

Qhov zais cia ntawm cov kws hlau hlau ua tau zoo nyob hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm qhov tsis ntawm kev tsim cov fibrous puas ntawm cov cuab yeej - lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv projectile. Nws tau muab tawm tias koj tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke los ntawm kev hloov pauv qhov txias txias ntawm cov cuab yeej thaum lub sij hawm tua. Tab sis qhov no yooj yim hauv cov lus - pes tsawg qhov kev sim ua ntej thiab yaj cov hlau hlau tau ua, tsuas yog cov ntawv khaws tseg tam sim no tuaj yeem qhia.

Ntawm Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Plant nyob rau xyoo 1941, tau txais thawj cov qauv ntawm 49C hlau, uas tsis qis dua li cov tsoos tsho "ua ntej ua tsov rog". Tshwj xeeb, kev tua phom los ntawm rab phom 76-mm qhia pom tias ua tau zoo raws li kev xav tau rau lub tank. Thiab txij li xyoo 1942, tsuas yog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv lub npe 49C tau siv rau KV series. Nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias kev siv cov chromium, molybdenum thiab npib tsib xee tau poob qis.

Kev tshawb nrhiav cov ntawv tshiab ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv rau cov cuab yeej hnyav tsis tas nyob ntawd. Xyoo 1942 hlau GD-63-3 tau "welded", tsis muaj cov chromium thiab npib tsib xee tsawg. Rau qee qhov, npib tsib xee tau hloov los ntawm manganese - nws qhov sib faib tau nce ntau dua peb zaug (txog 1.43%). Cov qauv ntawm cov cuab yeej tshiab tau raug rho tawm. Thiab lawv tau dhau los ua qhov tsim nyog rau kev siv loj hauv kev tsim KV. Tab sis Klim Voroshilov tso tsheb hlau luam nrog nruab nrab cov cuab yeej tawv tawv tau so. Thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov tsheb hnyav tau coj los ntawm "Joseph Stalin" cov tsheb uas muaj cov cuab yeej tawv tawv.

Cov ntaub thaiv npog 51C

Yog tias 70L cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv rau IS-2 turret tuaj yeem raug pov, tom qab ntawd qhov kev dag ntxias no tsis ua haujlwm nrog lub hull ntu ntawm lub tank. Ntawm no, cov kws tsim txuj ci ntsib ob qhov teeb meem ib zaug - kev tsim cov cuab yeej ua kom tawv tawv ntawm cov tuab zoo thiab xav tau txuas nws mus rau hauv lub hull tiav.

Txhua tus neeg uas txaus siab yog tej zaum twb paub txog cov teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv lub T -34 cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv - muaj qhov tshwm sim siab ntawm kev tawg hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov hlau. IS-2 tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb. Thiab nws lub cev tau xub xav tias yuav tsum tau siav los ntawm qhov kawg kho cua sov.

Paub txog qhov teeb meem thiab kev phom sij xws li kev daws teeb meem thev naus laus zis yuav ua rau kev ua tub rog, TsNII-48 cov kws tshaj lij tau hloov pauv lub voj voog tsim khoom. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, xyoo 1943, ntawm Ural Heavy Machine Building Plant thiab Chelyabinsk Plant No. 200, IS-2 hull tau txiav txim siab ua los ntawm daim hlau daim hlau uas tau dhau los tsuas yog hnub so siab tom qab dov. Ntawd yog, qhov tseeb, lub hull ntawm lub tank hnyav tau sib sau los ntawm "raw" hlau. Qhov no zoo heev txo qhov tsis xws luag ntawm 51C siab tawv tawv ua hlau ua haujlwm.

Kev kho cua sov zaum kawg los ntawm cua sov ua ntej quenching tau ua tiav lawm ntawm lub cev welded ntawm lub tank, yav tas los ntxiv dag zog rau nws nrog sab hauv struts. Lub cev tau khaws cia hauv qhov cub rau peb teev. Thiab tom qab ntawd, ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, lawv tau pauv mus rau lub tank tso dej thiab khaws cia hauv nws li 15 feeb. Ntxiv mus, cov dej kub hauv lub quenching tank tau nce los ntawm 30 txog 55 ° C. Qhov kub ntawm lub cev tom qab raug tshem tawm ntawm dej yog 100-150 ° C. Thiab qhov ntawd tsis yog txhua yam.

Tom qab quenching, lub cev tau raug kub hnyiab tam sim hauv qhov cub tawg ntawm qhov kub ntawm 280–320 ° С nrog tuav tom qab ncav qhov kub no rau 10-12 teev. Qhov qis qis ntawm cov yees pov tseg los ntawm 70L cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tau ua tiav zoo ib yam. Qhov zoo siab, kev tswj nruj hauv qhov kev sim IS-2 hulls tau kav ntev plaub lub hlis, thaum thawj cov tso tsheb hlau luam tawm ntawm lub rooj vag ntawm lub hoobkas.

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Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg

Dab tsi yog 51C cov cuab yeej dov uas tau dhau los ua lub ntsiab rau IS-2, ISU-122 thiab ISU-152? Nws yog cov hlau tawv tawv rau cov tuab tuab tuab tuab nrog cov tshuaj lom hauv qab no (%):

Tx0, 18–0, 24

Mn 0, 70-1, 0

Si 1, 20–1, 60

Cr1, 0-1, 5

Nws 3.0-3.8

Mo0, 20–0, 40

≤ 0.035 Nws

S.0 0.035 Nws.

Hauv kev sib piv nrog cov cuab yeej cam khwb cia 70L, 51C kuav los tiag hlau muaj qhov sib faib ntau dua ntawm molybdenum thiab npib tsib xee, uas tau lees tias ua kom tawv tawv ntxiv mus txog 200 hli. Thaum lub hulls ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau hnyav tau raug tshem tawm nrog 88 mm lub plhaub, nws tau muab tawm tias cov cuab yeej ntawm cov tawv tawv tau zoo dua nyob rau hauv kev ua kom ntev mus rau nws qhov nruab nrab nyuaj ua ntej. Qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tso cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv 51C tau daws tam sim.

Ntse vuam

Ib qho tseem ceeb pab rau txoj kev vam meej ntawm kev txhim kho cov cuab yeej tsim tawm ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm IS series tau ua los ntawm kev siv cov hlau tsis zoo hauv qab txheej txheej. Txij li thaum nws tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim lub tank tso phom rau lub vuam thaum pib xyoo 1944, cov kws tshaj lij tau tsom mus rau kev siv lub tshuab txuas ntau tshaj plaws thiab siv tshuab ntsaws ntsaws.

Ntawm Chelyabinsk cog No. 200, hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib sau lub hull ntawm IS-2 lub tank hnyav, tsuas yog 25% ntawm txhua qhov txuas tuaj yeem siv tau. Los ntawm nruab nrab xyoo 1944, Tankograd muaj peev xwm siv tshuab 18% ntawm txhua qhov ua tau 25% ntawm cov hlau txuas. Tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm cov hlua txuas ntawm lub hull ntawm IS-2 lub tank hnyav yog 410 qhov ntsuas, uas 80 qhov ntsuas ntsuas tau ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem siv tshuab tsis siv neeg.

Qhov txiaj ntsig no tau coj mus rau kev txuag nyiaj ntau hauv cov peev txheej tsis txaus thiab hluav taws xob. Nws muaj peev xwm pub dawb txog li 50 tus neeg tsim khoom siv tau zoo (lawv cov nqi ua haujlwm hauv 15,400 tus txiv neej-teev) thiab txuag 48,000 kilowatt-teev hluav taws xob. Kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg (kwv yees li 20,000 kg, austenitic - 6,000 kg), oxygen (los ntawm 1,440 cubic meters).

Lub sijhawm siv welding kuj tseem raug txo qis. Piv txwv li, vuam hauv qab thiab lub thawv turret mus rau ob sab nrog kaum rau-meter sib khi tau siv 9.5 tus txiv neej-teev nyob rau hauv phau ntawv hom, thiab tsuas yog 2. Ib lub seam zoo sib xws hauv qhov ntev txuas hauv qab mus rau ob sab ntawm lub tank hull hauv hom tsis siv neeg xav tau. 3 tus txiv neej-teev (hauv phau ntawv qhia tam sim ntawd 11, 4). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov kws txawj tshaj lij tuaj yeem hloov tau los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis muaj txuj ci hauv kev siv vuam tsis siv neeg.

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Ural UAS

Tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm Soviet lub tank kev lag luam, tus neeg sib tw ntawm keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb Zapariy Vasily Vladimirovich los ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Keeb Kwm thiab Keeb Kwm ntawm Ural ceg ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb hauv ib qho ntawm nws cov haujlwm piav qhia ntxaws ntxaws txog kev siv cov vuam siv tsis siv neeg hauv Urals rau armored. hull ntau lawm.

Qhov dav tshaj plaws yog rab phom ntawm hom "ACC" nrog lub taub hau Bushtedt. Muaj yim qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm Uralmash. Cov xov hlau pub ceev hauv lub tshuab no vam khom qhov hluav taws xob hauv qhov hluav taws xob. Nws xav tau 5 chav, suav nrog 3 lub tshuab hluav taws xob kinematic thiab 1 lub tshuab hluav taws xob.

Los ntawm nruab nrab xyoo 1943, SA-1000 vuam tshuab tau tsim los rau qhov xav tau ntawm IS-2 cov tso tsheb hlau hnyav. Los yog lub tshuab txuas nrog lub peev xwm txog li 1000 A.

Txhawm rau kom ua tiav kev tsim cov hneev hneev rau Chelyabinsk lub tank hnyav IS-3 tshiab, cov kws tsim khoom ntawm tsob ntoo xyoo 1944 tau tsim lub tshuab "SG-2000". Lub tshuab no tau tsim los ua haujlwm nrog cov pa roj carbon tsawg txuas nrog cov taub ntau ntxiv (6–8 mm) thiab pom nws daim ntawv thov hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm IS-3 pej thuam. Kev teeb tsa muaj lub tshuab xa khoom rau qhia qhov tshwj xeeb muaj pes tsawg leeg (ntau yam ferroalloys) rau hauv ntu txuas txhawm rau txhawm rau deoxidize (rov ua dua) cov hlau hauv nws. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tswj tus kheej ntawm vuam arc ntawm UZTM, los ntawm 1945, 9 nws pib-vuam kev teeb tsa ntawm peb hom tau tsim: "SA-1000", "SG-2000", "SAG" ("Tsis siv neeg vuam lub taub hau ").

Zoo nkauj tshaj li cov cuab yeej ua rog German

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm tag nrho zaj dab neeg nrog cov cuab yeej hnyav ntawm IS lub tank yog qhov xav tsis thoob tam sim ntawm kev txhim kho cov ntawv qhia hlau uas hla German cov cuab yeej ua rog hauv nws cov peev txheej. TsNII-48 tau txais cov hlau hnyav 120 mm, cov tuab uas, yog tias tsim nyog, tuaj yeem nce mus txog 200 hli.

Qhov no tau dhau los ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho tsev neeg tom qab tsov rog ntawm hnyav Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam.

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