Kev sib ntaus Tank thaum Lub Xya Hli 1943 ntawm Kursk Bulge cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau qhov feem ntau nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm Rotmistrov's 5th Guards Tank Army thaum Lub Xya Hli 12 nyob ze Prokhorovka, tsis quav ntsej txog qhov tseeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Katukov's 1st Tank Army, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb dua hauv kev tiv thaiv kev sib ntaus 5-12 Lub Xya Hli nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Kursk Bulge.
Xeev cov tog neeg
Cov neeg German tau xa lub tshuab tseem ceeb mus rau sab qaum teb los ntawm Belgorod thiab Tomarovka raws txoj kev loj mus rau Oboyan (70 km sab qaum teb ntawm Belgorod). Qhov no kuj tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias nyob rau ntawm Oboyan txoj kev mus rau sab qaum teb tau raug thaiv los ntawm qhov dej nyab ntawm tus dej Psel, qhov dav 1.5-2 km, uas tso tsheb hlau luam tuaj yeem hla tau raws txoj kev loj thiab tus choj hla tus dej xwb.
Cov haujlwm ntawm Red Army tau ua kom muaj zog ntxiv, peb kab tiv thaiv tau nruab rau qhov tob ntawm 45 km, peb kab ntxiv txuas mus rau qhov tob ntawm 250-300 km. Thaum kuv tseem yog menyuam yaus, nyob rau nruab nrab-50s, kuv yuav tsum pom qhov tiv thaiv lub tank 110 km sab qaum teb ntawm Belgorod ze Medvenka, nws tseem tsis tau raug faus rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Txawm hais tias muaj cov cuab yeej siv thev naus laus zis zoo ntawm thaj chaw, cov neeg German tswj hwm los ntawm lawv thiab siv kab thib peb tiv thaiv ze Verkhopenya. Kev tawm tsam hnyav ntawm Katukov cov tub rog nres lawv ntawm kab no.
Hauv qhov kev taw qhia no, Cov Neeg German tau tawm tsam los ntawm 1st Tank Army thiab cov chav ntawm 6th Guards Army. Nyob rau lub sijhawm txij li 6 txog 15 Lub Xya Hli 1943, Katukov tau coj cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm plaub lub tank thiab ib lub tshuab ua haujlwm, tsib lub phom sib faib, peb cais cov tub rog sib cais, peb cais cov tub rog thiab kaum tawm tsam tiv thaiv lub tank, tag nrho muaj txog 930 tso tsheb hlau luam.
Katukov cov tub rog tau tawm tsam los ntawm pab pawg German, suav nrog ob pawg tub rog, 48 Panzer Corps, Tuag Lub Taub Hau, Adolf Hitler, Reich thiab Great Germany lub tank sib cais, txhawb ntxiv los ntawm ob pab tub rog ntawm Tsov rog hnyav (txog 200 tso tsheb hlau luam) thiab ob pab tub rog ntawm tso tsheb hlau luam "Panther" (196 tso tsheb hlau luam thiab 4 lub tsheb tiv thaiv). Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, txog 1200 tso tsheb hlau luam tau mob siab rau hauv cov lus qhia no.
Tiv thaiv theem ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua
Nyob rau thawj hnub ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, Lub Xya Hli 5, cov tub rog ntawm Katukov cov tub rog tau nyob hauv thaj chaw mloog lus tom qab kab thib ob ntawm cov kab tiv thaiv thiab tsis koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam. Cov tub rog German tsoo dhau thawj kab kev tiv thaiv thiab thaum kawg ntawm hnub tau mus txog kab thib ob. Tus thawj coj pem hauv ntej Vatutin tau hais kom Katukov pib thaum Lub Xya Hli 6 cov tub rog tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab uas tau tsoo dhau ntawm Belgorod.
Katukov ntseeg tias qhov kev phom sij txaus ntshai ntawm lub taub hau tawm tsam tus yeeb ncuab kev nce qib tank armada tuaj yeem ua rau tsis raug cai ntawm cov tub rog tank. Stalin, tau kawm txog qhov tsis pom zoo hauv qhov hais kom ua, hu ua Katukov thiab nug nws qhov kev xav. Katukov tau piav qhia txog kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawm tsam thiab thaum Stalin nug txog qhov nws tab tom thov, nws teb tias "siv cov tso tsheb hlau luam tua los ntawm qhov chaw, faus lawv rau hauv av lossis teeb tsa lawv nyob rau hauv kev zais," tom qab ntawd "peb tuaj yeem tso cov yeeb ncuab lub tsheb ntawm nrug peb puas metres thiab rhuav tshem lawv nrog lub hom phiaj tua hluav taws ", Thiab Stalin tau thim qhov kev tawm tsam.
Los ntawm Katukov qhov kev xav, nws hais raug, tsis nthuav tawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam mus rau qhov tua hluav taws, nws ua rau cov yeeb ncuab lub zog, tab sis Vatutin pom tias ob lub tank German tub rog, nce los ntawm ob sab ntawm Oboyan txoj kev loj, tau npaj kaw lub nplhaib nyob ib puag ncig phom. regiments thiab tshem tawm lawv, yog li cov tub rog German sab hnub poob ntawm txoj kev loj tau hla kev tawm tsam sab hnub poob mus rau sab hnub tuaj thiab poob rau hauv Katukov qhov kev tawm tsam, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov phiaj xwm ntawm Germans thiab ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau lawv.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev tawm tsam thaum Lub Xya Hli 6 tsis tau tshwm sim, cov yeeb ncuab tau tuav lub tswv yim, thiab Katukov txoj kev twv ntawm qhov tsis ua yog tsuas yog ib feem ntawm kev ncaj ncees. Cov neeg German, tau tshaj tawm cov tub rog loj, maj mam tab sis muaj tseeb tsoo cov tub rog ntawm 6th Guards Army, thawb lawv mus rau pab tub rog thib ob tiv thaiv kab. Nyob ze ntawm lub zos Cherkasskoye, 67th Guards Rifle Division tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qhov hnyav ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam, thiab thaum tav su lub 11 Panzer Division thiab "Great Germany" tau mus txog tom qab ntawm Soviet chav nyob nruab nrab ntawm thawj thiab kab thib ob ntawm kev tiv thaiv. Kev faib ua feem tau txiav txim kom thim rov qab, tab sis nws lig dhau lawm, thiab txog hnub kawg cov neeg German tau kaw lub nplhaib. Hauv "cauldron" muaj peb rab phom phom, nyob hauv qab qhov tsaus ntuj, tsis yog txhua tus tuaj yeem tsoo tawm ntawm qhov ncig.
Txog thaum kawg ntawm hnub, cov yeeb ncuab tau mus txog txoj haujlwm ntawm 1st Tank Army thiab, tau ntsib qhov muaj zog thiab teeb tsa kev tawm tsam ntawm txoj kab no, raug yuam kom hloov pauv kev taw qhia ntawm kev tawm tsam tseem ceeb thaum nruab hnub thiab txav nws mus rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Belgorod -Oboyan txoj kev loj hauv kev coj ntawm Prokhorovka. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, thaum Lub Xya Hli 6, cov yeeb ncuab nce mus rau qhov tob ntawm 11 km, tab sis raug kev txom nyem hnyav hauv cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab tub rog.
Thaum sawv ntxov ntawm Lub Xya Hli 7, Cov Neeg German tau tawm tsam qhov kev tawm tsam thib 3 ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm kho tshuab thiab 31 lub tank lub cev, teeb tsa kev tawm tsam ntawm 300 lub tso tsheb hlau luam nrog kev txhawb nqa dav hlau dav hlau, tsoo los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv thiab yuam kom lawv khiav tawm ntawm Syrtsevo. Txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov kev kov yeej ntawm cov neeg German, peb lub tank tub rog tau xa mus rau thaj tsam Verkhopenye nrog txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab los ntawm kev nce qib nyob rau sab qaum teb.
Nyob rau hauv kev nyuaj siab los ntawm cov tub rog zoo ntawm ob lub tank German faib, "Tuag Lub taub hau" thiab "Adolf Hitler," los txog rau hnub kawg, 31st Panzer Corps tau thim rau Malye Mayachki kab. Cov yeeb ncuab tau txav mus rau tom ntej 4-5 km thiab tawm mus rau pab tub rog thib peb kab tiv thaiv. Kev sim los ntawm cov neeg German kom nthuav cov npoo nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob tsis ua tiav. Raws li kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav, sab laug ntawm 1st Panzer Army tau hla dhau thiab pov rov qab mus rau sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob, qhov chaw ntawm pab tub rog tau txuas nrog kev sib ntaus nrog tus yeeb ncuab thiab hem German lub npoo ntawm nws lub hauv paus, tab sis cov neeg German txuas ntxiv mus rau Oboyan.
Thaum sawv ntxov thaum Lub Xya Hli 8, Cov Neeg German, tau tshaj tawm txog 200 lub tso tsheb hlau luam rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, txuas ntxiv lawv qhov kev tawm tsam zoo ntawm Syrtsevo thiab raws txoj kev Oboyan. Kev txom nyem hnyav, 6 Panzer Corps tau thim hla tus Dej Pena thiab tau tiv thaiv qhov ntawd, thiab 3rd Mechanized Corps kuj tau thim rov qab raws txoj kev loj, txwv kev tawm tsam yeeb ncuab. Cov yeeb ncuab txoj kev sim yuam Psel River ntawm nws lub qhov ncauj hauv thaj tsam Prokhorovka tsis ua tiav, thiab kev ua ntej ntawm cov neeg German mus rau sab hnub tuaj hauv kev coj ntawm Prokhorovka raug txwv.
Txog hnub kawg ntawm Lub Xya Hli 8, Cov Neeg German tau nce mus txog 8 km, uas lawv qhov chaw nres tsheb nres nres, lawv qhov kev npaj ua ntej nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm 1st Panzer Army kuj pib qaug zog. Lawv ua tsis tiav txhawm rau hla lub hauv ntej hauv qhov kev taw qhia no.
Thaum sawv ntxov ntawm Lub Xya Hli 9, Cov Neeg Germans tau nqa lub tank tshiab faib rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua kom ntes thaj tsam Syrtsevo thiab Verkhopenye, tab sis 6th Panzer Corps tau tawm tsam txhua tus yeeb ncuab sim hla Pena River thiab tuav nws txoj haujlwm. Tsis muaj kev vam meej ntawm no, lawv tau tawm tsam qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm ntu 3 ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm kho tshuab. Cov yeeb ncuab uas muaj peev xwm nce qib tau tswj kom tsoo cov kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab thiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau sab xis ntawm 31st tank corps.
Txog hnub kawg, qhov xwm txheej nyuaj tau tsim los ntawm lub xaib no. Lub zog ntawm qhov tsis muaj zog thib 3 cov neeg kho tshuab thiab 31 lub tank tub rog tsis txaus kom muaj cov yeeb ncuab, thiab nws tuaj yeem yooj yim txhim kho kev tawm tsam rau sab qaum teb thiab hla mus rau Oboyan. Txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau qhov kev taw qhia no, Vatutin thaum yav tsaus ntuj hloov pauv thib 5 Stalingrad Tank Corps raws li cov lus txib ntawm Katukov, thiab nws tau tsom mus rau thaj tsam Zorinskiye Dvory.
Muab qhov xwm txheej nyuaj hauv kev txuas nrog kev kov yeej los ntawm cov neeg German ntawm kab thib peb ntawm kev tiv thaiv, tus sawv cev ntawm Lub Hauv Paus ntawm Voronezh Pem Hauv Ntej, Vasilevsky, tau hais tias Lub Hauv Paus Tsev Kawm Ntawv hloov mus rau 5th Guards Tank Army ntawm Rotmistrov los ntawm kev khaws cia Steppe Front. cov tub rog ntawm Voronezh Pem Hauv Ntej. Cov lus txib hauv tebchaws Soviet tau pom zoo qhov kev txiav txim siab no thaum Lub Xya Hli 9, kev hloov pauv ntawm Rotmistrov cov tub rog nyob rau hauv Prokhorovka pib, uas tau ua lub luag haujlwm xa kev tawm tsam ntawm cov yeeb ncuab sib tsoo lub tank thiab yuam kom lawv rov mus rau lawv thawj txoj haujlwm.
Thaum kaj ntug ntawm Lub Xya Hli 10, cov yeeb ncuab tau tsom mus txog 100 lub tso tsheb hlau luam hauv thaj tsam Verkhopenye thiab tsoo hauv qhov sib txawv nruab nrab ntawm 6th Panzer Corps thiab 3rd Mechanized Corps. Tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav, nws tau nyob hauv Hill 243, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem nce mus ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, tau rov sib sau ua ke lawv cov tub rog, thaum kawg ntawm hnub ntawd, cov neeg German tau puag ncig ib feem ntawm cov tub rog tawg ntawm 6 Panzer Corps thiab tau mus rau tom qab. Raws li kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav, cov neeg raug kev txom nyem hnyav: txog rau thaum Lub Xya Hli 10, tsuas yog 35 lub tso tsheb hlau luam tseem nyob.
Thaum sawv ntxov ntawm Lub Xya Hli 11, cov xwm txheej tshwm sim rau 1st Panzer Army, cov neeg German los ntawm peb sab tau pib ua phem rau ntawm 6 Panzer Corps thiab puag ncig nws hauv qhov khoov ntawm Pena River. Nrog rau qhov nyuaj nyuaj, cais cov chav sib cais ua kom tawg tawm ntawm qhov ncig, tsis yog txhua tus ua tiav, cov neeg German tom qab tshaj tawm tias lawv tau ntes txog tsib txhiab tus neeg.
Kev tawm tsam ntawm ob lub tank tub rog
Nyob rau theem no, kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog ntawm 1st Tank Army tau xaus, Vatutin, hmo ntuj ntawm Lub Xya Hli 10-11, tau muab Katukov txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tawm tsam dav dav mus rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj, txeeb Yakovlevo, Pokrovka thiab, nrog rau Pawg Tub Rog Tiv Thaiv Thib 5, puag ncig qhov kev ua tiav ntawm pab pawg mobile nrog kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv mus ntawm kev ua tiav rau sab qab teb thiab sab qab teb hnub poob.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus thawj coj ntawm XLVIII German corps Knobelsdorf, tau tshem tawm "cauldron" nrog cov seem ntawm 6th Panzer Corps thiab tau txais kev txhawb nqa ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm 4 Panzer Army Gotha, txiav txim siab thaum tav su ntawm Lub Xya Hli 12 txhim kho kev tawm tsam sab qaum teb mus rau Oboyan los ntawm ob sab ntawm Oboyan txoj kev loj, hauv nws tseem muaj txog 150 lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua npaj txhij ntawm nws pov tseg.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, thaum Lub Xya Hli 12, ob qhov kev tawm tsam tau hais tseg - los ntawm cov tub rog German thiab cov tub rog ntawm lub tank thib 1 thiab cov tub rog tiv thaiv thib 5. Raws li txoj kev npaj ntawm Vasilevsky thiab Vatutin, kev tawm tsam pem hauv ntej ntawm ob lub tank tub rog los ntawm thaj chaw Verkhopenye thiab Prokhorovka hauv kev sib txuas lus qhia los puag ncig cov yeeb ncuab yuav tsum pib thaum sawv ntxov, tab sis qhov no tsis tshwm sim.
Kev tawm tsam ntawm Rotmistrov cov tub rog nyob ze Prokhorovka pib thaum 8.30 thiab, vim kev npaj tsis txaus siab, tsis ua tiav qhov tshwm sim, ntxiv rau, nws tsis tau txais kev txhawb nqa ntawm qib txaus los ntawm kev siv phom loj thiab dav hlau. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev ua tsis tiav yog kev ntes los ntawm cov neeg German thaum Lub Xya Hli 11 ntawm thaj chaw uas yuav tsum tau tawm tsam. Ob lub tank tub rog ntawm Rotmistrov cov tub rog yuav tsum tau nce mus rau lwm qhov hauv ntu nqaim, nyuaj los ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau thiab cov dej nyab ntawm tus dej Psel, uas txawm tias cov tub rog sib ntaus sib tua tsis tuaj yeem siv tau, cov tub rog tau coj mus rau hauv kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv tus yeeb ncuab zoo npaj -tank tiv thaiv los ntawm pab tub rog thiab raug kev txom nyem txaus ntshai. Txawm hais tias lub siab tawv thiab kev ua siab loj ntawm Soviet tankers, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua txhaum los ntawm kev tiv thaiv German. Hauv ib nrab hnub ntawm hnub nws tau dhau mus, qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm Rotmitsrov cov tub rog tau poob dej, kev sib ntaus sib tua tseem nyob nrog cov neeg German. Cov ntsiab lus hais txog kev sib ntaus sib tua Prokhorov tau piav qhia ntawm no.
Kev tawm tsam ntawm Katukov cov tub rog tsis tau pib thaum sawv ntxov vim yog lub nkoj thauj khoom tsis tau npaj rau kev tawm tsam, tsuas yog thaum tav su lub Tsib Hlis 5 Tus Tiv Thaiv Stalingrad Tank Corps thiab 10th Tank Corps tau pib ua phem, uas tau ua tiav zoo. Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam sib sib zog nqus 3-5 km nyob rau hauv ntau cov lus qhia ib zaug rau hauv German formations, npaj rau kev ua phem, ntes ob peb lub zos thiab German hais kom ua ncej thiab nias lub Great Germany faib.
Katukov qhov kev tawm tsam rau cov neeg German yog qhov tsis tau xav txog, lawv tau xav tsis thoob, thiab German cov lus txib pib siv kev ntsuas kom txwv lawv qhov kev tawm tsam thiab thim cov tub rog los ntawm kev tawm tsam. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev ua tib zoo saib xyuas ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm Katukov cov tub rog ua haujlwm thwarted German kev ua phem rau hauv lub ntsiab lus coj mus rau Oboyan. Kev tawm tsam tau xa mus rau tus yeeb ncuab qhov tsis muaj zog thiab nres nws qhov kev tawm tsam, tab sis nws tsis yog lub hom phiaj ua kom kov yeej thiab koom nrog Rotmistrov cov tub rog.
Tom qab Lub Xya Hli 12, Hitler tau txiav txim siab ua Haujlwm Citadel, nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Kursk Bulge feem ntau yog kev sib ntaus sib tua, cov neeg German pib thim lawv cov tub rog mus rau lawv txoj haujlwm qub.
Tsis tuaj yeem thim rov qab los ntawm 1st Tank Army thiab txuas nrog cov khoom txij li Lub Xya Hli 6 txog 15 hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kursk Bulge ntau txog 513 tso tsheb hlau luam, thiab German poob rau qhov kev qhia no, raws li Asmeskas tshawb fawb Christopher Lorenz, suav txog 484 tso tsheb hlau luam thiab tua phom, suav nrog 266 Pz III thiab Pz IV, 131 Panther, 26 Tiger, 61 StuG thiab Marder.
Qhov txaus siab yog kev siv Panther tso tsheb hlau luam tawm tsam Katukov cov tub rog. Lawv tau siv los ntawm cov neeg German nkaus xwb hauv cov haujlwm no, lawv tsis koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ze Prokhorovka. Cov neeg German tau maj nrawm xa lub tank no mus rau cov tub rog thaum pib kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kursk, thiab nws yog "nyoos", muaj ntau qhov tsis raug thiab tsim qhov tsis zoo hauv lub cav, kis thiab chassis, uas lawv tsis tau tswj kom tshem tawm. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo tsis tu ncua thiab hluav taws kub hauv lub cav thiab lub tank. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub tank muaj lub zog loj 75-mm ntev-rab phom loj thiab tiv thaiv lub hauv ntej zoo, uas lub tank Soviet tsis nkag mus.
Lub tank "Panther" hauv kev sib ntaus tau raug kev puas tsuaj loj, lawv tau raug kev puas tsuaj loj los ntawm kev txhim kho lub tank Soviet zoo thiab cov phom loj tua hluav taws ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam tsis nyob hauv pliaj, tab sis nyob rau ob sab ntawm lub tank. Kev tsim qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub tank, uas tom qab tshem tawm, tseem cuam tshuam qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lawv siv. Tsawg kawg yog 1st Panzer Army "hauv av" ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog German tshiab no thiab txwv lawv kev siv hauv kev ua haujlwm German tom ntej.
Qhov ua xyem xyav tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm Katukov yog lub koom haum zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv thaum kev tawm tsam German, kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev kov yeej ntawm German kev ua phem nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus coj mus rau Oboyan, uas yuam German hais kom ua, tsis txhob tawm tsam sab qaum teb, txhawm rau sab hnub tuaj mus rau Prokhorovka cheeb tsam thiab tshuaj tsuag nws cov rog.
Sib piv kev ua siab phem ntawm 1st Tank Army thiab 5th Guards Tank Army ntawm Kursk Bulge, nws yog qhov tseeb tias Katukov, thaum ua tiav txoj haujlwm uas tau hais tseg, zam kev tawm tsam sab xub ntiag ntawm tus yeeb ncuab thiab tab tom nrhiav txoj hauv kev los ntaus nws, thiab Rotmistrov ua tiav yuav ntawm cov thawj coj siab dua hais txog kev ua phem rau pem hauv ntej thiab ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj hauv tib neeg thiab thev naus laus zis.
