Cov ntsiab lus ntawm WESTERN COURSE ntawm Kev Hloov Kho Huab Cua AIRBORNE RADAR Sighting COMPLEXES RAU TACTICAL FIRING AIRCRAFT
Kev koom ua ke ntawm cov radars niaj hnub nrog passive thiab nquag ua haujlwm txheej txheem txheej txheem rau hauv lawv cov avionics yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhim kho niaj hnub ntawm 4th tiam kev tawm tsam cov tub rog mus rau qib ntawm cov tshuab nrog "ob qho ntxiv", uas ib txwm xav tau kev qhia txog qib siab thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis rau kev tswj hwm thiab hloov pauv cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov tshiab radar on-board. Pom tau cov thawj coj hauv cheeb tsam no yog Lavxias, Asmeskas, European, nrog rau Suav lub dav hlau ya dav hlau Suav, uas niaj hnub no tau ua tiav ntau qib kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm Su-30, MiG-29, F-15C, F-16C, J- 10B, J-15 tsev neeg. Ntxiv rau EF-2000 "Typhoon". Cia peb pib nrog cov tuam txhab uas nws cov haujlwm tau tswj hwm kom sib txawv lawv tus kheej los ntawm kev xa khoom loj tshaj plaws thiab los ntawm kev thov ntawm cov neeg siv khoom sab hauv, qee qhov tau koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntawv cog lus no. Hais qhov koj nyiam, tab sis qhov nyiam tshaj tam sim no ntawm no yog Asmeskas lub tuam txhab Northrop Grumman, uas muab lub xeev-of-the-art radar airborne radars rau Lockheed Martin raws li ib feem ntawm sab nrauv thiab sab hauv muag ntawm kev hloov kho F-16C / D thiab hloov kho ntawm Kev hloov kho F-16A / B.
Yog li, piv txwv li, thaum Lub Ib Hlis 16, 2017, ntawm cov chaw haujlwm ntawm Taiwanese lub tuam txhab Aerospace Industrial Development Corporation hauv Taichung, txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb tau tsim los txhim kho 144 F-16A / B Block 20 ntau lub dav hlau sib ntaus, uas tau ua haujlwm nrog Taiwan Air Force, txog qib F-16V. Daim ntawv cog lus rau kev ua haujlwm niaj hnub tau kos npe los ntawm Ministry of Defense ntawm Taiwan thiab Lockheed Martin thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1, 2012. Nws muab rau kev nthuav dav cov cuab yeej siv rov qab ntawm F-16A / B mus rau cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis siab dua, cov cuab yeej siv dav dav hauv lub dav hlau, ntxiv rau cov teeb meem hauv nkoj, suav nrog AN / APG-83 SABR onboard AFAR-radar (nrog cov khoom cua hom aperture), tshiab-loj LCDs MFI rau kev qhia tawm cov ntaub ntawv siv tswv yim, kev ua tau zoo hauv lub computer niaj hnub no thiab lub chaw nres tsheb sib ntaus sib tua hluav taws xob tshiab. Qhov kev kos npe zoo ntawm daim ntawv cog lus no tau txhawb nqa los ntawm kev ua tub rog-kev nruj kev tsiv mus ntev ntawm Taipei thiab Beijing, uas tau tsim los vim muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb txog kev koom nrog thaj av ntawm Taiwan. Hauv kev txuas nrog qhov xwm txheej no, lub chaw haujlwm fais fab ntawm tom kawg tau pib ua raws li kev siv ntau txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv los tiv thaiv qhov ua tau "nthuav dav" ntawm PRC.
Tus neeg siv thib ob ntawm pob khoom txhim kho zoo ib yam rau nws F-16Cs yog Singapore Ministry of Defense. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau dua lossis tsawg dua kev sib raug zoo nrog PRC, lub nroog nplua nuj tshaj plaws hauv xeev South Asia tswj hwm kev sib raug zoo nrog kev nom kev tswv thiab tiv thaiv nrog Tebchaws Meskas, Tebchaws Askiv thiab Australia, uas yog ib tus tseem ceeb koom nrog "kev tawm tsam Tuam Tshoj. " Vim li no, Singapore tau them nyiaj ntau tshaj rau qhov muaj peev xwm sib ntaus ntawm nws lub Air Force, uas twb tau ua tub rog nrog 32 lub tswv yim sib ntaus hnyav ntawm 4 ++ tiam F-15SG. Cov tsheb tau nruab nrog lub zog AN / APG-63 (V) 3 AFAR radar nrog lub hom phiaj pom ntau ntawm 165 km, thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws nrog Qatari thiab Arabian kev hloov kho ntawm F-15QA thiab F-15SA. Raws li daim ntawv cog lus rau kev txhim kho Singapore F-16C / D, nws yuav hloov kho 32 lub rooj zaum ib leeg F-16C thiab 43 ob lub rooj zaum F-16D hauv tus nqi $ 914 lab. Tus neeg txheeb xyuas thib peb tuaj yeem suav tias yog Air Force ntawm Koom pheej Kauslim, uas thaum Lub Kaum Hli 22, 2015 tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus nrog Lockheed Martin txhawm rau txhim kho 134 F-16 Thaiv 32 tus neeg sib ntaus rau qib F-16V hauv qhov nyiaj $ 2.7 nphom.. Cov txheej txheem xaiv zoo ib yam li daim ntawv cog lus Taiwanese. Yog li, tsuas yog Taiwanese, Singaporean thiab Kaus Lim Qab Teb daim ntawv cog lus rau kev txhim kho ntawm 353 "Falcons" twb tau kwv yees kwv yees li ntawm $ 7.1 nphom, tsis suav nrog qhov muaj peev xwm pib ua haujlwm zoo li no kom rov tsim tau Lub Tub Rog Cua ntawm Poland, Denmark, Qaib Cov Txwv, lwm yam Dab tsi muab qhov kev cia siab rau radar nrog AFAR AN / APG-83 SABR ntau lub hom phiaj sib ntaus F-16A / B / C / D.
Ua ntej, qhov no yog qhov ntsuas pom ntau dua ntawm cov hom phiaj huab cua: ib qho khoom siv nrog RCS ntawm 2 m2 tuaj yeem kuaj pom thiab ua raws ntawm qhov deb ntawm 150-160 km thiab ntes ntawm qhov deb ntawm 125 km. Ntau lub hom phiaj me me tau taug qab ntau dua li ib txwm pom AN / APG-66 radar slotted-array radar. Kev suav ua haujlwm tau zoo niaj hnub no AN / APG-83 SABR tso cai rau txhua AFAR APM (lossis APM pab pawg) ua haujlwm ntawm nws tus kheej zaus, sim ua cov qauv kev coj ua nyuaj hauv LPI ("qis teeb liab cuam tshuam") hom rau qub Birch-hom qhib qhov system. Tsis tas li, AFAR muaj ob peb zaug ntau dua suab nrov tiv thaiv thiab daws teeb meem thaum ntsuas cov dej / dej hiav txwv hauv qhov hluav taws xob qhov hluav taws xob hom (SAR). Qhov chaw nres tsheb ntawm lub cim dhau los AN / APG-68 (V) 9, txawm hais tias nws muaj hom SAR, nws qhov kev daws teeb meem yog qhov nruab nrab heev thiab tsis tso cai cais cov hom phiaj hauv av me me raws li lawv cov yam ntxwv.
Qhov thib ob, AN / APG-83 muaj kev nkag siab ntau dua (tsawg kawg 20-30 VC hauv SNP hom), lub hom phiaj channel (8 lub hom phiaj raug rho tawm tib lub sijhawm), nrog rau kho vajtse hloov tau rau siv ib feem ntawm qhov tau txais -Hloov AFAR cov qauv raws li tso tawm xov tooj cua-cuam tshuam hauv xov tooj cua. Qhov kev xaiv tom kawg tseem pom daim ntawv thov hauv AN / APG-81 radar ntawm F-35A tus tub rog thib 5. Qhov thib peb, zoo li txhua lub radar nrog AFAR nquag, AN / APG-83 muaj ntau lub sijhawm ntseeg siab dua (MTBF). Thiab txawm tias tom qab qhov ua tsis tiav ntawm ib feem ntawm cov neeg tua phom tua phom, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb tseem nyob ntawm qib uas tso cai rau nws los ua lub luag haujlwm sib ntaus. Txhua AN / APG-83 SABR radars nkag mus rau txawv teb chaws thiab riam phom kev lag luam yog nyob rau theem ntawm kev pib sib ntaus sib tua npaj EMD, uas yog ua tau zoo ib yam nrog cov khoom lag luam loj.
Cov haujlwm zoo sib xws tseem tab tom ua los ntawm European pab pawg ntawm cov tuam txhab tshwj xeeb hauv kev siv tshuab thev naus laus zis. Cov haujlwm no suav nrog kev tsim qauv thiab kev sim ntawm kev cog lus AFAR-radar "Captor-E". Cov tuam txhab European uas paub zoo Selex Galileo, Indra Systems thiab EADS Defense Electronics (Cassidian), koom ua ke hauv Euroradar consortium, koom nrog hauv txoj haujlwm. Chaw nres tsheb "Captor-E" tau qhia tshwj xeeb uas tsim los hloov lub hnub nyoog SCAR ECR-90 "Captor-M" radar ntawm ib feem ntawm EF-2000 "Typhoon" ntau lub hom phiaj sib ntaus sib tua, uas tau ua haujlwm nrog huab cua ntawm European cov tswv cuab NATO xeev, nrog rau cov tub rog huab cua ntawm cov xeev ntawm Arabian Peninsula; nws tseem yuav raug teeb tsa ntawm kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm IPA5 / 8 tshuab.
Kev ua haujlwm tsis tau ntawm lub radar tshiab, hauv kev sib piv nrog yav dhau los "Captor-M", tsis yog tshwj xeeb hauv kab ntawv "Typhoons" tshiab, tab sis kuj yog ntawm Asmeskas cov haujlwm rau kev siv AN / APG-63 (V) 3 thiab AN / APG-83 SABR hauv avionics "Iglov" thiab "Falconov". "Captor-E" muaj cov txuj ci tshwj xeeb uas tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim rau AFARs: cov kav hlau txais xov tsis raug teeb tsa ntawm cov qauv teeb tsa, tab sis tau nruab nrog lub tshuab tshwj xeeb azimuthal kev sib hloov, vim qhov pom ntawm lub dav hlau azimuthal yog 200 degrees, uas yog 80 degrees ntau dua li ntawm "Raptor" Radar AN / APG-77. Tus "Captor" tshiab tuaj yeem "saib" mus rau tom qab lub ntiaj teb, uas niaj hnub no tsis muaj peev xwm paub txog huab cua hauv huab cua nrog AFAR, tshwj tsis yog radar nrog HEADLIGHTS passive. Ntxiv mus, lub hom phiaj ntawm hom "ntaus rog" (EPR 2-3 m2) yuav raug kuaj los ntawm "Captor-E" radar ntawm qhov deb ntawm 220-250 km, uas tam sim no yog qhov qhia tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov radars hauv huab cua rau lub teeb pom kev sib ntaus. Tam sim no, cov qauv ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb no tau sim ntawm British Typhoons, thiab lawv cov txiaj ntsig tau ua tiav zoo, uas nyob rau yav tom ntej cog lus Euroradar ntau txhiab daus las-ntawv cog lus hauv European thiab Esxias kev lag luam.
Cov neeg Swedes tsis poob qis hauv cov haujlwm ntawm kev hloov kho lawv "lub dav hlau ya dav hlau" ntawm cov neeg sib ntaus hauv ntej. SAAB, piv txwv li, xyoo 2008 tshaj tawm qhov pib ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm kev cia siab tiam 4 ++ fighter JAS-39E Gripen-NG. Ntxiv nrog rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhim kho kev sib tw ceev cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm sib pauv hloov pauv CDL-39, cov neeg sib ntaus tshiab yuav tau txais kev cia siab ntawm lub nkoj radar nrog AFAR ES-05 Raven (duab) los ntawm Italian tuam txhab Selex ES. Lub chaw nres tsheb yuav sawv cev los ntawm ntau dua 1000 APM, muaj peev xwm ua tiav txhua hom kev ua haujlwm paub rau AFAR, suav nrog kev tsim lub zog "dips" ntawm daim duab qhia kev hauv kev coj ntawm tus yeeb ncuab kev siv hluav taws xob. Zoo ib yam li "Captor-E" radar, "Raven" yuav nruab nrog lub kaw lus ntawm kev siv tshuab rov qab los ntawm cov kav hlau txais xov, uas yuav coj nws qhov kev pom mus rau 200 degrees, tso cai rau nws "saib" 10 degrees mus rau sab nraub qaum. ntawm lub tsheb, muab tua "hla lub xub pwg". Lawm, lub hom phiaj tshawb pom ntau hauv hom no yuav yog 3-4 zaug tsawg dua vim lub zog muaj zog poob hauv thaj tsam ntawm kev txais-xa lub qhov taub ntawm lub radar complex. Onboard radar ES-05 "Raven" muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas lub hom phiaj nrog RCS ntawm 3 m2 ntawm qhov deb ntawm 200 km nrog kev taug qab ua ke ntawm 20 yam khoom hauv plav. Lub chaw nres tsheb muaj cov tshuab ua kua thiab cua txias.
Qab Raven radar kav hlau txais xov module (nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub qhov ntswg lub cev, nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub taub hau cockpit), ib tus tuaj yeem pom kev ncaj ncees ntawm Skyward-G kho qhov muag-hluav taws xob pom kev tsim los ntawm Leonardo Huab Cua & Chaw Chaw. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm daim ntawv tshaj tawm, lub ntsuas cua yog bispectral thiab ua haujlwm hauv 2 lub ntsiab lus infrared ntau ntawm 3-5 microns thiab 8-12 microns. Thawj qhov yog lub nthwv dej luv luv thiab tso cai xaiv lub hom phiaj nrog lub npe qis infrared tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm cov khoom ib puag ncig (ntoo, cov qauv, cov lus qhia ntxaws); qhov ntau ntawm qhov no tsis siab npaum li qhov nthwv dej ntev. Qhov ntau ntawm 8-12 microns tsis muaj lub peev xwm los siv qhov kev xaiv zoo ntawm lub hom phiaj me me nrog qhov qis IR kos npe, tab sis nws qhov kev nqis tes ua yog ntau dua li qhov qub.
Kev kho qhov muag pom hluav taws xob pom "Skyward-G / SHU" muaj 4 txoj kev pom: nqaim-kaum (8 x 64 degrees), nruab nrab-kaum (16 x 12, 8 degrees), dav-kaum (30 x 24 degrees), nws ua kom pom kev pom ntawm cov khoom siv, nrog rau hom dav dav, uas npog 170 degrees hauv lub dav hlau azimuth thiab 120 degrees hauv qhov siab. Lub zog cua txias OLPK "Skyward-G" nce mus txog 400 watts. Lub chaw nres tsheb txuas mus txog 200 lub hom phiaj hauv huab cua-rau-saum thiab hom huab cua-rau-huab cua.
MODERNIZATION NTAWM RUSSIAN "TACTICS" NTAWM MIG-29 TSEV NEEG: Cov haujlwm muaj, tab sis qhov ua tiav "IN IRON" YUAV TSUM TAU
Raws li peb tuaj yeem pom, Cov tuam txhab sab hnub poob ua tau zoo thiab muaj qhov ua tau zoo tas li; Thiab qhov no tsis suav nrog qhov tseeb tias tsawg kawg 300 F-16C / D units, uas tau ua haujlwm nrog Asmeskas Tub Rog Tub Rog, tau hloov kho tshiab nrog radars tshiab, tom qab uas cov neeg tua rog no yuav ua tiav zoo dua peb MiG-29C / SMT thiab Su-27SM hauv kev sib ntaus huab cua ntev. Peb yuav teb tau li cas rau lub xeev cov phiaj xwm zoo li no? Kev ntsuas asymmetric dab tsi yog Lavxias Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg ua haujlwm txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev poob qis tom qab AFARisation ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm US Air Force lub dav hlau tua rog? Cov lus nug no mob heev, cuam tshuam nrog qib ntawm cov tswv yim.
Raws li koj paub, thaum Lub Ib Hlis 27, 2017, hauv Lukhovitsy ze Moscow, kev nthuav qhia thoob ntiaj teb ntawm kev tshaj tawm tshiab tshaj plaws ntawm MiG-35 Fulcrum-F lub teeb ci kev sib ntaus sib tua tau ua tiav. Txawm hais tias lub tsheb tsis yog ntawm lub cim thib 5, tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Asmeskas thiab European xov xwm. Thiab qhov no tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob, vim tias MiG-35 tsuas yog Lavxias lub dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua muaj peev xwm ua kom tau zoo dua li Rafal, Typhoon, F-16C Thaiv 60, F-15SE Silent Eagle, F / A-18E / F thiab txawm tias muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm F-35 Xob Laim 2. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li cov lus los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm Lavxias Aerospace Forces Viktor Bondarev thiab cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lwm qhov chaw, kwv yees li 140 tawm ntawm 170 kev tsim khoom MiG-35s yuav tau txais kev cia siab nyob rau hauv radar nrog cov haujlwm nquag ntawm Zhuk tsev neeg. Cov naj npawb ntawm cov tshuab no txaus txaus los hloov qhov kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov rog hauv lawv txoj kev nyiam rau ib qho kev qhia huab cua (VN) ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj European ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua haujlwm; thiab nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv huab cua, MiG-35 yuav kov yeej txhua tus NATO lub hom phiaj sib ntaus. Thaum pib ntawm peb cov ntaub ntawv dhau los, peb twb tau hais tias yam tsis tau suav nrog qhov ntau, kev sib ntaus muaj peev xwm ntawm MiG-35 nrog kev cia siab radars yog ib kauj ruam ua ntej ntawm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm Su-30SM: qhov nrawm ntawm Falkrum yog 0.25M siab dua (kwv yees li 2450 piv rau 2150 km / h), tom qab hlawv lub zog yog 11% siab dua (2647 piv rau 2381 kgf / m2), uas txhais tau tias MiG qhov ua tau zoo yog qhov zoo dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm MiG-35 yuav tuaj yeem ceev nrawm dua thiab ntseeg tau tso tseg huab cua kev hem thawj sai sai, thiab tom qab ntawd tseem tshem tawm lawv sai, uas cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Su-30SM yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua.
Qhov ntawd yog tias nyob rau sab qis ntawm sab laug ntawm lub cav nacelle thiab ntawm sab ntawm MiG-35 muaj cov kev daws teeb meem siab optoelectronic sensors NS-OAR (rau saib qis qis dua) thiab VS-OAR (rau saib lub ntiaj teb sab saud), ua ke rau hauv ib qho chaw nrhiav chaw tua cov foob pob SOAR, ua haujlwm hauv TV ntau yam, thiab muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas cov yeeb ncuab huab cua ntawm qhov deb ntawm 30 km, thiab nrog rau hauv 5-7 km. Lub chaw nres tsheb no yuav xa cov chaw tswj hwm ntawm kev hem lub foob pob hluav taws mus rau lub dav hlau tswj hwm lub computer, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau huab cua sib ntaus sib tua ntawm R-73RMD-2 lossis R-77 (RVV-AE) hom, muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam lwm cov cuaj luaj ntawm cov chav kawm zoo sib xws. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntxiv rau tus qauv OLS-UEM qhov ntswg qhov muag-hluav taws xob pom lub kaw lus, lub thawv nyiaj siv ua haujlwm nrog lub turret tau teeb tsa ntawm lub cav zoo nacelle, nyob rau hauv uas OLS-K pab cuam nyuaj tau teeb tsa, tsim los saib xyuas cov khoom nto thiab hauv av lub qis thiab nram qab hemispheres. Niaj hnub no koj yuav tsis pom ntau yam optoelectronic pom kev pom ntawm "Sushki" - yog li qhov kev txaus siab. Hais txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, lub tsheb nyob ze rau tiam thib 5. Tab sis puas yog txhua yam zoo li nws zoo li thaum xub thawj?
Ua ntej, 140 MiG-35s nrog lub radars tshiab tsis txaus los npog tag nrho cov tsev ua yeeb yam ze ntawm peb cov ciam teb ntawm Eurasian sab av loj, vim hais tias nyob rau Sab Hnub Tuaj Sab Hnub Poob kev ua haujlwm ib leeg peb tuaj yeem tiv taus: 65 cov cuab yeej sib ntaus sib tua niaj hnub ntawm 4+ tiam + "F -2A / B, 42 5th tiam F-35A cov neeg tua rog ntawm Nyij Pooj Cua, nrog rau ntau lub F-22A cov tub rog sib tua nyob rau ntawm Elmendorf-Richardson airbase, thiab qhov no tsis suav nrog cov dav hlau thauj cov dav hlau dav hlau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, uas tuaj yeem hloov pauv tau ntawm 3-4 puas chav nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv Pacific. Ib qho xwm txheej zoo sib xws tau tsim nyob rau sab qaum teb hnub poob thiab sab hnub poob ON, qhov twg yuav muaj tus lej zoo tshaj ntawm F-16A / B / C / D thiab Typhoons, uas tau ua haujlwm nrog cov tebchaws nyob sab Europe, nrog rau kev cog lus F-35A / B, uas yuav yuav los ntawm Norway, UK, Netherlands thiab Denmark. Nws hloov tawm "daim duab" uas siv thev naus laus zis MiG-35 sib npaug li ntawm 2-3 F-16C Thaiv 52+ lossis 2 Typhoons, tab sis tag nrho peb cov MiGs yuav yog 3-4 zaug tsawg dua li cov neeg tua rog tshiab los ntawm Asmeskas cov phoojywg hauv APR thiab Europe, uas yuav tsis tso cai tsis yog kom ua tiav kev tswj hwm xwb, tabsis tseem yuav ua kom sib npaug ntawm lub zog. Qhov teeb meem xav tau kev daws teeb meem tam sim, thiab nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ib yam nkaus li siv los ntawm Lockheed Martin - hloov kho lub nkoj uas twb muaj lawm.
Tam sim no, chav sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Lavxias Aerospace Force yog kwv yees li 250 lub hom phiaj sib ntaus sib tua pem hauv ntej MiG-29S / M2 / SMT thiab UBT, nrog rau ntau pua lub tsheb ntawm kev hloov kho "9-12" thiab "9-13" ntawm kev cia khoom. Qhov kev hloov kho siab tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog MiG-29SMT ntawm ntau yam kev hloov pauv ("Cov Khoom 9-17 / 19 / 19R"), uas tam sim no muaj txog 44 chav nyob, nrog rau MiG-29M2. Cov neeg sib ntaus no koom nrog "4+" tiam thiab tau nruab nrog N019MP Topaz thiab N010MP Zhuk-ME onboard radars. Cov chaw nres tsheb tau tsim nyob ib puag ncig niaj hnub hloov pauv cov ntaub ntawv tsheb npav hauv kev tsim vaj tsev avionics ntawm MIL-STD-1553B tus qauv thiab muaj kev txhawb nqa kho vajtse rau cov qauv hluav taws xob qhov hluav taws xob (SAR) nrog hom ntxiv ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas thiab taug qab cov xov tooj ntawm tes / hauv av hom phiaj GMTI (Av Taw Qhia Lub Hom Phiaj Taw Qhia) ntawm kev nrawm mus txog 15 km / h. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv radar zoo ib yam li Asmeskas AN / APG-80 thiab AN / APG-83 SABR cov chaw rau Falcon teeb tsa, tab sis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm lawv. Yog tias cov khoom lag luam hauv Asmeskas tau tsim ntev los ntawm kev ua haujlwm nquag nrog cov kab hluav taws xob tswj, peb txhim kho Topaz thiab Beetles yog cov cuab yeej siv tswj cov slotted antenna arrays, uas yog vim li cas thiaj muaj qhov tsis zoo xws li:
Kwv yees li cov npe ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab cov txuj ci tsis zoo muaj nyob niaj hnub no hauv "lub nra" ntawm peb cov tub rog MiG-29SMT thiab MiG-29M2, tus naj npawb ntawm cov uas nyob hauv tsawg dua 50-60 units. Lawv lub tshuab radar onboard "Topaz" thiab "Zhuk -ME" tsuas muaj qhov ntxiv - ua kom muaj zog ntxiv, vim qhov kev tshawb pom ntau ntawm lub hom phiaj nrog RCS ntawm 3 m2 tau nce los ntawm 70 txog 115 km, uas yog qhov nce ntxiv rau pa SHAR; tab sis txawm tias qhov no tsis txaus rau kev sib ntaus sib tua ntev nrog European thiab Asmeskas F-16Cs nruab nrog SABR radars.
Tus so ntawm MiG-29S hloov kho lub tsheb, hauv qhov ntau dua 100 units, muaj qhov qub dhau los "khoom" tsim nyob ib puag ncig SUV-29S kev tswj hwm riam phom nrog kev sib xyaw radar pom RLPK-29M. Qhov nyuaj no tau sawv cev los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntxov ntawm N019M Topaz radar, uas tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa kho vajtse rau lub hom phiaj hauv av, thiab tseem muaj cov txheej txheem lub zog muaj peev xwm uas tso cai rau nws tshawb pom lub hom phiaj nrog RCS ntawm 3m2 ntawm qhov deb ntawm 70 km thiab " ntes "tsuas yog 2 lub hom phiaj huab cua. SUV-29S kev tswj hwm riam phom tau hloov pauv rau kev siv R-77 lub dav hlau tua rog, tab sis vim muaj peev xwm qis ntawm N019M radar, MiG-29S tsuas tuaj yeem tawm tsam cov F-16C "thaiv" uas tsis muaj tau ua tiav txoj haujlwm hloov kho tshiab thiab tau nqa mus rau ntawm lub nkoj "slotted radar ntawm tus qauv qub AN / APG-66 nrog lub hom phiaj tshawb pom ntau yam ntawm" kev sib ntaus "hom kev txiav txim ntawm 60-65 km. Txawm tias kev hloov pauv ntawm F-16C / D Thaiv 52+, uas Polish Air Force muaj ntawm nws qhov pov tseg, feem ntau yuav nyuaj heev rau qhov qub N019M RLPK ntawm MiG-29S tus neeg tua rog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txij li Cov Ncej tau txais ntev kev hloov kho ntawm AMRAAM URVV nrog thaj tsam ntawm AIM-120C nce mus rau 120 km. -7, thiab Poland ib leeg muaj 48 xws li F-16s.
Qhov xaus yog qhov no: qhov xwm txheej nrog kev ua tiav ntawm cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob ntawm lub teeb ua ntej-kab sib ntaus ntawm Lavxias Aerospace Forces MiG-29S, thiab rau qee qhov MiG-29SMT / M2, yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Nrog txhua qhov kev ua tiav ntawm lub dav hlau thiab lub zog tsim hluav taws xob, tso cai kom yeej kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv huab cua tiv thaiv txhua tus neeg sab hnub poob ntawm plaub lossis thib 5 tiam, peb cov MiGs txuas ntxiv tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kiag li tiv thaiv lwm yam kev hem thawj ntawm kev ua yeeb yaj kiab niaj hnub no-nruab nrab ntawm kev ua tub rog. Qee tus tuaj yeem sib cav tias qhov xwm txheej no tuaj yeem ua tiav thiab raug kho los ntawm cov tshuab xws li Su-27SM, Su-30SM, thiab tseem Su-35S, tab sis qhov kev xav no tsis yog lub hom phiaj kiag li. Cov neeg tawm tsam hnyav hnyav, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Su-35S, tau npaj ntau dua los tsim txoj kab kev tiv thaiv huab cua muaj zog thiab tau txais huab cua zoo tshaj ntawm qhov kev nyob deb mus rau ciam teb huab cua ntawm lub xeev, nrog rau kev pab txhawb nqa AWACS lub dav hlau, cov lus txib huab cua, tub rog thauj aviation los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab sib ntaus 4- 1st thiab 5th tiam. Lawv kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua tiav txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv lub nkoj ntev thiab tiv thaiv radar siv Kh-31AD thiab Kh-58USHKE. Tsis muaj ntau ntawm cov tshuab no hauv peb cov khoom siv uas nws yuav tuaj yeem kaw tag nrho cov thev naus laus zis "khoob" pom nyob rau hauv kev lag luam ntawm lub teeb ua ntej-kab kev ya dav hlau, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog tam sim no kev tsim khoom ntawm T-50 PAK-FA.
Qhov teeb meem tuaj yeem daws tau los ntawm kev rov nruab tag nrho MiG-29 lub dav hlau ya dav hlau hauv kev pabcuam nrog lub dav hlau ya dav hlau tsim los ntawm Fazatron-NIIR JSC, ntxiv rau los ntawm nws cov chaw haujlwm, Radioelectronic Technologies txhawj xeeb. Ntawm cov neeg sib tw tseem ceeb yog Zhuk-AE thiab Zhuk-AME ntau lub dav hlau radar radar; cov khoom no suav nrog kev txhim kho tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam hauv thaj tsam AFAR, thiab yog li ntawd, lawv twb tau ua ntej txhua yam uas tau siv hauv N011M Bars thiab N035 Irbis-E chaw nres tsheb ntawm Su-30SM thiab Su-35S ntau qhov chaw fighters, nrog rau kev zam ntawm ntau yam ntawm kev nqis tes ua.
Cov txheej txheem rau kev sib sau ua ke ntawm radars tshiab nrog MSA ntawm MiG-29SMT thiab MiG-29M2 niaj hnub no yuav raug ua raws li cov phiaj xwm hnyav, vim tias cov dav hlau no tau tsim thaum xub thawj siv cov npav npav ntau ntawm MIL-STD-1553B tus qauv, lub tsheb npav tib yam nrog qhib lub tsev tsim ua lub hauv paus ntawm cov cuab yeej tswj kev sib ntaus. MiG-35. Raws li rau cov laus MiG-29S, nws yuav xav tau kev hloov pauv tag nrho ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob "tub ntxhais" ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tswj hwm, ua nyob ib puag ncig Ts101M lub tshuab computer qub, uas tsis yog tsim los ua haujlwm nrog rau lwm tiam Zhukov digital interfaces. Muaj lub sijhawm tiag tiag los hloov kho tshiab thiab "muab tis" ntau pua tus tub rog thiab "mothballed" MiG-29A / S, uas tshem tawm qhov kev lag luam tag nrho ntawm lub dav hlau ntawm lub teeb pem hauv ntej-kab kev ya dav hlau los ntawm cov neeg txawv teb chaws sib ntaus ntawm " 4 ++ "tiam. Dab tsi yog cov yam ntxwv thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov pa radar qib siab Zhuk-AE thiab Zhuk-AME?
Thawj zaug, Zhuk-AE (FGA-29), tau tsim tawm txij li xyoo 2006 los ntawm kev txhim kho los ntawm Fazatron thaum lub sijhawm tsim qauv tsis ua tiav zoo qauv Zhuk-AME (FGA-01), uas muaj qhov tsis lees paub loj qhov hnyav ntawm 520 kg. Cov khoom lag luam tshiab dav siv kev sib cog thiab sib sib zog nqus monolithic integrated circuits (MIS), uas niaj hnub no tuaj yeem pom nyob hauv txhua lub cuab yeej digital. Txoj kab uas hla ntawm AFAR "Zhuk-AE" aperture tau txo mus rau 500 mm (tag nrho txoj kab uas hla-txog 575 m), hauv kev sib piv nrog 700-mm FGA-01 hniav; qhov no tau ua kom zoo dua qhov sab hauv ntawm lub xov tooj cua-pob tshab ncaj ncees ntawm qhov kev sim sab "154" (MiG-29M2), uas lub chaw nres tsheb tshiab tau sim. Cov canvas FGA-29 tau sawv cev los ntawm 680 xa-tau txais cov qauv nrog lub zog ntawm 5 W, uas yog qhov txaus txaus kom paub qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm 50 cm hauv qhov hluavtaws qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov deb li ntawm 20 km thiab 3 m ntawm qhov deb ua km30. Lub chaw nres tsheb lub zog siv hluav taws xob yog 34 kW, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas lub hom phiaj nrog RCS ntawm 3 m2 ntawm qhov deb li ntawm 148 km mus rau pem hauv ntej lub ntiaj teb thiab mus txog 60 km rau tom qab lub ntiaj teb (tom qab). "Zhuk-AE" nrog 30 lub hom phiaj huab cua ntawm txoj kev hla thiab ib txhij ntes 6; nyob rau hauv hom kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv huab cua, qhov hu ua "Rotary" hom tuaj yeem siv tau, uas ua haujlwm thaum ua haujlwm nrog lub kaus mom hlau-lub hom phiaj teeb tsa lub hom phiaj ntawm tus kws tsav dav hlau lossis tus neeg ua haujlwm.
Ua tsaug rau kev tswj hwm tus kheej ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntau zaus ntawm ib tus neeg PPMs (lossis lawv pab pawg), ntxiv rau qhov hloov pauv tau yooj yim dua thiab muaj suab nrov-tiv thaiv hluav taws xob tsis zoo cuam tshuam los ntawm lub hom phiaj, Zhuk-AE muaj qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntau dua li lwm yam hauv-board radars-txo qis me ntsis hauv qhov ntsuas pom huab cua tiv thaiv keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb saum npoo av, uas tsuas yog 8-11%, rau radar nrog PFAR tus lej no yog kwv yees li 15-18%, uas tau ua pov thawj ntawm kev sim ntawm Irbis -E radar, ua haujlwm hauv qhov pom dav: VTS nrog EPR ntawm 3m2 tau pom ntawm qhov deb ntawm 200 km (tiv thaiv qhov chaw dawb tom qab), thiab 170 km (tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm lub ntiaj teb saum npoo). Txawm tias ntawm no peb tuaj yeem pom qhov pom tau ntxiv ntawm radars nrog AFAR.
Cov yam ntxwv siab ntawm Zhuk-AE kuj tseem tau sau tseg thaum ua haujlwm hauv huab cua-hiav txwv / hom av: pab pawg ntawm cov tsheb tiv thaiv hnyav lossis cov phom loj ntawm ACS tuaj yeem kuaj pom ntawm qhov deb ntawm 30-35 km, ib lub nkoj chav kawm nkoj lub nkoj - 150 km thiab lub nkoj rhuav tshem " - ntau dua 200 km. Hom "huab cua-rau-saum" muaj ob peb kaum hom kev ua haujlwm, suav nrog: aperture sib sau ua ke, muaj peev xwm "khov" daim duab qhia chaw nrog txhua qhov pom ntawm cov khoom nto, tshawb pom thiab taug qab cov chaw txav chaw (GMTI), ntsuas tus nqa khoom nrawm raws li kev hloov chaw nrawm ntawm cov khoom nyob ruaj khov hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ua haujlwm, ua raws cov av ntawm transonic nrawm, siv hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm "kev kov yeej" yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv huab cua. Kev saib ntawm lub radar yog tus qauv rau tsau AFAR apertures thiab yog 120 degrees hauv azimuth thiab nce dav hlau, uas yog qhov tsis zoo nrog mobile AFAR cov chaw nres tsheb, piv txwv li, "Captor-E", tab sis qhov hnyav ntawm radar tsuas yog 200 kg, uas yog qhov zoo tshaj rau kev hloov kho lub teeb MiG-29S / SMT / M2. Tag nrho lub peev xwm ntawm Zhuk-AE yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm Asmeskas AN / APG-80 thiab AN / APG-79 radars, uas tau nruab nrog F-16C Thaiv 60 thiab F / A-18E / F Super Hornet. Kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm MiG-29S / SMT radars uas twb muaj lawm "Zhuk-AE", nrog rau kev ua kom tau zoo dua optoelectronic complex OLS-UEM thiab cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub no ntawm lub cockpit yuav ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua tau ntau dhau ntawm Polish F-16C Thaiv 52+ thiab German "Typhoons" nruab nrog Radar qub dhau los nrog cov kav hlau txais xov slotted. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev lag luam tom qab Typhoons nrog Captor-E radar, nrog rau F-35A, yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb. MiGam yuav xav tau lub zog muaj zog ntau dua nyob rau hauv lub radar nrog cov nquag ua haujlwm kav hlau txais xov - Zhuk -AME.
Thawj thawj zaug, qhov chaw nres tsheb no tau nthuav tawm ntawm Airshow China-2016 aerospace exhibition hauv Zhuhai, Suav xyoo 2016. Tau txais thiab xa cov qauv "Zhuk-AME" tau tsim los siv cov cuab yeej tshiab tshiab, raws li qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob peb-txheej microwave tsim hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov hluav taws kub qis ua hluav taws xob hluav taws xob LTCC ("Tsawg Kub Co-Fired Ceramic"). Cov qauv siv hluav taws xob muaj zog tshaj plaws tau tsim los ntawm kev tua cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov iav tshwj xeeb, cov iav, nrog rau cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb uas siv los ntawm kub, nyiaj lossis platinum, uas tau ntxiv rau qhov sib xyaw no hauv qee qhov piv txwv. Cov PPMs no muaj ntau qhov zoo tshaj li tus qauv gallium arsenide siv hauv feem ntau ntawm AFAR radars uas paub zoo (Japanese J-APG-1, "Captor-E", thiab lwm yam), tshwj xeeb:
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm LTCC thev naus laus zis, qhov kub tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob sib xyaw ua ke yog qhov qis profile dielectric substrate rau platinum, kub, lossis nyiaj X-ray emitter / receiver conductors. Nws yog qhov kub-tiv taus ntau dua li cov ntawv luam tawm cov kab hluav taws xob ua los ntawm cov organic sib txuas thiab tso cai rau koj ua haujlwm nrog lub zog muaj peev xwm nce ntxiv: qhov xa-tau txais cov qauv ntawm AFAR "Zhuk-AME" tuaj yeem muaj lub zog li ntawm 6-8 watts. Qhov no coj mus rau qhov tseeb tias Zhuk qhov kev cia siab radar tau nce lub hom phiaj tshawb pom ntau nrog EPR ntawm 3 m2 txog li 220-260 km, uas yog piv rau Captor-E chaw nres tsheb. Raws li Fazotronovites, Zhuk-AME tau tsim ob qho tib si rau kev teeb tsa ntawm MiG-35 tiam 4 ++ sib ntaus thiab ntawm MiG-29S / SMT. Tus kav hlau txais xov ua ke nrog daim ntaub thaiv thiab tsheb ciav hlau muaj qhov hnyav txog 100 kg, uas yog qhov tsis tau pom dua ntawm cov neeg sab hnub poob. Qhov chaw nres tsheb canvas yog sawv cev los ntawm 960 PPM.
Kev siv lub zog siab ntawm kev ua haujlwm "Zhuk-AME" nrog kev daws teeb meem siab ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas cov khoom hiav txwv, av thiab huab cua kom raug los ntawm lawv cov duab thiab kos npe radar vim kev sib piv nrog cov ntaub ntawv siv los ntawm ntau pua lossis ntau txhiab units. Ntxiv mus, kev txheeb xyuas lub hom phiaj los ntawm qhov luv luv tuaj yeem ua tau, thaum SAR hom muaj kev daws teeb meem ntawm 50 cm, lossis hauv qhov xwm txheej thaum lub hom phiaj yog siv xov tooj cua. Tom qab ntawd lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua qauv ntawm ntau tus yeeb ncuab radar cov cuab tam tau siv, uas tuaj yeem koom ua ke rau hauv SPO tshiab ntawm MiG-29 hloov kho tshiab. "Zhuk" tseem tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv LPI hom, txhawm rau ua haujlwm nyuaj ntawm cov yeeb ncuab cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob ua rog, lossis hauv hom passive - rau kev tawm mus thiab tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab xov tooj cua -lub hom phiaj, ntawm qhov uas tuaj yeem muaj ob qho kev saib xyuas hauv av lossis ntau lub xov tooj cua radars ntawm kev tiv thaiv dav hlau tiv thaiv lub dav hlau thiab RTR cov chaw nres tsheb thiab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ua tsov rog.
